Network Motif Detection in the Network of Inflammatory Markers and Depression Symptoms among Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease: Insights from the Heart and Soul Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Study Aims
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Dataset and Sample
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Inflammation Markers and Covariates
2.2.2. Depression Symptoms
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.3.1. Correlation Network Construction
2.3.2. Network Motif Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Label | Pattern | Frequency [Original] | Mean Frequency in the Randomized Networks | z-Score | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CR | 48.8% | 61.7% | −3.54 | 1.000 | |
Cr | 3.9% | 4.1% | −0.07 | 0.400 | |
CN | 26.1% | 13.9% | 3.87 | 0.000 | |
CF | 9.9% | 18.6% | −2.68 | 1.000 | |
C~ | 0.5% | 0.1% | 2.21 | 0.100 | |
C^ | 10.8% | 1.8% | 7.33 | 0.000 |
Node | CR | Cr | CN | CF | C~ | C^ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psychomotor problems | 28 | 6 | 22 | 8 | 1 | 11 |
Feelings of worthlessness | 37 | 4 | 17 | 6 | 0 | 10 |
Concentration difficulty | 25 | 2 | 16 | 6 | 0 | 14 |
Suicidal ideation | 25 | 5 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 6 |
Loss of interest | 41 | 4 | 14 | 10 | 0 | 8 |
Feelings of sadness | 15 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Appetite changes | 34 | 4 | 33 | 7 | 1 | 17 |
Fatigue | 41 | 3 | 25 | 9 | 1 | 6 |
Sleep disturbance | 31 | 2 | 21 | 6 | 1 | 8 |
CRP | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
IL-6 | 17 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
TNF-α | 8 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
MCP-1 | 17 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
Age | 38 | 1 | 17 | 8 | 0 | 3 |
BMI | 32 | 1 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
Label | Pattern | Examples | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CN | |||||
C~ | |||||
C^ |
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Lee, C.; Whooley, M.; Niitsu, K.; Kim, W. Network Motif Detection in the Network of Inflammatory Markers and Depression Symptoms among Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease: Insights from the Heart and Soul Study. Psychol. Int. 2024, 6, 440-453. https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint6020027
Lee C, Whooley M, Niitsu K, Kim W. Network Motif Detection in the Network of Inflammatory Markers and Depression Symptoms among Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease: Insights from the Heart and Soul Study. Psychology International. 2024; 6(2):440-453. https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint6020027
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Chiyoung, Mary Whooley, Kosuke Niitsu, and Wooyoung Kim. 2024. "Network Motif Detection in the Network of Inflammatory Markers and Depression Symptoms among Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease: Insights from the Heart and Soul Study" Psychology International 6, no. 2: 440-453. https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint6020027