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Agronomy
Special Issues
Physiological and Growth Response of Crops
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Physiological and Growth Response of Crops

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant-Crop Biology and Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 4674

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hongwei Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Interests: rice cultivation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Complex physiological changes occur during crop growth and development, affecting crop morphology, function, and biomass. In addition, crops are stimulated by biological and abiotic stresses all the time, and different responses to the stimuli result in differences in resistance among individuals. It is important to understand the physiology and growth response of crops in depth in order to achieve their genetic improvement. This Special Issue aims to publish cutting-edge research on the physiological and growth responses of crops, including the changes of physiological metabolism during the growth and development of crops, the physiological growth response of crops caused by resource utilization, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of crops in response to external stimuli. We welcome comprehensive reviews, full-text research articles, and short communications.

Prof. Dr. Hongwei Zhao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5650 KiB  
Article
The Use of Magnesium Fertilizer Can Improve the Nutrient Uptake, Yield, and Quality of Rice in Liaoning Province
by Zubing He, Zhi Wang, Jianxun Hao, Yifan Wu and Houjun Liu
Agronomy 2024, 14(3), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14030639 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 612
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the soil application and foliar spraying with magnesium fertilizers on rice yield and quality in Liaoning Province were investigated. Field experiments were conducted at Kaiyuan, Xinmin, and Dawa in 2022 and 2023. Magnesium fertilizers were used in [...] Read more.
In this study, the effects of the soil application and foliar spraying with magnesium fertilizers on rice yield and quality in Liaoning Province were investigated. Field experiments were conducted at Kaiyuan, Xinmin, and Dawa in 2022 and 2023. Magnesium fertilizers were used in the soil as magnesium sulfate monohydrate and silicon–magnesium fertilizer and on leaves was magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. The results showed that the application of 12 kg magnesium hm−2 in the soil at the Kaiyuan site can significantly increase rice yield by 14.8% compared with sites without magnesium fertilizer. The use of silicon–magnesium fertilizer showed a more obvious yield increase of 22.2%. The application of 3 kg magnesium hm−2 or 6 kg magnesium hm−2 on the leaf surface increased the rice yield at Kaiyuan by 19.4% and 21.6% and at Xinmin by 17.8% and 5.4%, respectively. The yield increase was more significant under the optimal fertilization treatment compared with the conventional fertilization treatment. The application of magnesium fertilizer increased the magnesium, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents in rice shoots and the potassium and crude protein contents in rice grains. The effect of foliar spraying with magnesium fertilizers was more obvious than soil application. Therefore, the magnesium fertilizer used on the leaf surface plays an important role in improving rice yield and quality in rice-growing areas with relatively rich soil magnesium content. Magnesium fertilizer can compensate for the yield decrease caused by the reduced use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by promoting nitrogen and phosphorus absorption in rice. Conclusively, the application of magnesium fertilizer is a promising measure to improve rice production in Liaoning province under a reduced nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer background. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Growth Response of Crops)
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20 pages, 9538 KiB  
Article
Study on the Growth Dynamics of Tartary Buckwheat Flowers and Grains, as Well as Material Basis and Physiological Changes of Their Seed-Setting Differences
by Ting Cheng, Qiang Wang, Chengrui Ma, Zhen Gan, Yan Wan, Xueling Ye, Changying Liu, Xin Zou, Jieyu Zhang, Yangyang Guo, Laichun Guo and Dabing Xiang
Agronomy 2024, 14(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010049 - 23 Dec 2023
Viewed by 701
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat is a cereal crop that has both medicinal and food origins. However, the underlying factors that contribute to Tartary buckwheat’s flowering and seed-setting characteristics, effective grain formation, and physiological changes are still not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the [...] Read more.
Tartary buckwheat is a cereal crop that has both medicinal and food origins. However, the underlying factors that contribute to Tartary buckwheat’s flowering and seed-setting characteristics, effective grain formation, and physiological changes are still not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the flowering and seed-setting characteristics of different parts of Tartary buckwheat, as well as the grain-filling characteristics after flowering. To achieve this, Tartary buckwheat cultivars with high (QK3) and low (XQ2) seed-setting rates were selected for pot and field experiments. The study found that Tartary buckwheat undergoes flowering and seed setting simultaneously. Many wilted flowers and grains were observed 45 and 51 d after flowering. Compared to XQ2, QK3 exhibited a higher grain formation rate and seed-setting rate by 7.42% and 26.16%, respectively. Additionally, QK3 had a significantly lower grain abortion rate by 12.03%. The 1000-grain weight and average grain-filling rate of QK3 were 11.10% and 14.81% higher than those of XQ2, respectively. QK3 exhibited a faster maximum grain-filling rate (Rmax), reaching 18.38% faster than XQ2. Additionally, the dry matter average distribution rate in the main stem and branched grains of QK3 was 13.26% and 23.07% higher than that of XQ2, respectively. The sucrose concentration, SS, and SSS enzyme activities of QK3 were all higher than those of XQ2, by 0.29–25.99%, 5.22–11.62%, and 6.64–12.47%, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between sucrose, soluble sugar, and starch concentration during the grain formation process and SS and SSS activities. This suggests that the levels of SS, SSS, soluble sugar, and sucrose in the grain play a crucial role in grain filling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Growth Response of Crops)
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21 pages, 7638 KiB  
Article
Effect of Phosphorus, Iron, Zinc, and Their Combined Deficiencies on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings
by Dapeng Gao, Cheng Ran, Kun Dang, Xiaolei Wang, Yunhe Zhang, Yanqiu Geng, Shuying Liu, Zhengwen Guan, Liying Guo and Xiwen Shao
Agronomy 2023, 13(6), 1657; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061657 - 20 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1278
Abstract
Combined elemental deficiencies are more complex and insidious physiological metabolic responses than single elemental stresses. To determine the effects of phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and their deficient combinations on photosynthetic characteristics of rice seedlings, we investigated their effects on dry weight, [...] Read more.
Combined elemental deficiencies are more complex and insidious physiological metabolic responses than single elemental stresses. To determine the effects of phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and their deficient combinations on photosynthetic characteristics of rice seedlings, we investigated their effects on dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl) content, rapid photosynthetic carbon assimilation CO2 responses, and Chl fluorescence in four-week-old rice (CB9 and BJ1 cultivars) seedlings. The results showed that the dry matter, maximum carboxylation efficiency (Vc,max), and maximum electron transfer efficiency (Jmax) of seedlings were all reduced to different degrees under the element deficiency treatments. JIP-test analysis showed that the decrease in the concentration of active PSII reaction centers (RC/ABS) under -Zn treatment was the main reason for the inhibition of performance index PIABS. The -P treatment reduced RC/ABS and inhibited electron transfer (ψEo). Primary photochemical reactions (φPo) of -P-Zn treated seedlings were also inhibited compared to the -P treatment. The -Fe and -Fe-Zn treatments inhibited photosynthesis most severely, which not only reduced RC/ABS but also severely inhibited φPo and ψEo. Notably, the -P-Fe and -P-Fe-Zn treatments of the CB9 improved the RC/ABS, alleviating the limitation of Fe deficiency. These results help enhance the understanding of the complex relationship between nutrient balance and photosynthesis, especially for P, Fe, Zn, and their combined deficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Growth Response of Crops)
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17 pages, 16054 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Paclobutrazol Seed Soaking on Biomass Production and Yield Formation in Direct-Seeded Rice
by Dongsheng Gai, Weiyang Liu, Jianuo Liang, Liying Guo, Yanqiu Geng, Qiang Zhang, Juan Du, Jiacong Gao and Xiwen Shao
Agronomy 2023, 13(5), 1402; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051402 - 19 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1466
Abstract
Direct-seeded rice has been widely adopted in Asia in recent years. However, its low and unstable yields severely limit the increase in rice production and directly affect food security. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of [...] Read more.
Direct-seeded rice has been widely adopted in Asia in recent years. However, its low and unstable yields severely limit the increase in rice production and directly affect food security. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of paclobutrazol seed soaking on the biomass production and yield formation of direct-seeded rice and to find the optimal concentrations to provide a theoretical basis for the high-yielding cultivation of direct-seeded rice. Two rice varieties, Jiyujing and Jijing305, were used in this experiment, and the seeds were soaked in paclobutrazol at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L−1. The appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol seed soaking increased the yield of direct-seeded rice; this was attributed to the increase in the spikelet per unit area and the seed setting rate. However, the too-high paclobutrazol concentration was not conducive to a yield increase. Regression analysis showed that the appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol seed soaking was 100–105 mg L−1. The appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol for seed soaking ensured the seedling emergence rate; improved the seedling quality, stem tillers, and productive tillers; increased the efficient leaf area, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate, resulting in an increase in dry matter accumulation; coordinated the source-sink relationship and dry matter distribution; and promoted the material translocation from the “source” to the “sink”. In conclusion, using the appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol for seed soaking is an effective means of obtaining high yields of direct-seeded rice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Growth Response of Crops)
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