Enhancing Sustainable Poultry Production: Innovations in Management and Nutrition

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Poultry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 14025

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: animal nutrition; dietary feed evaluation; animal product quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Research Institute of Animal Science, ELGO-DEMETER, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece
Interests: animal science; meat quality; animal behavior
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Poultry production is rather widespread worldwide, as it is not associated with many religious, cultural, or nutritional restrictions. It has demonstrated remarkable adaptability to the concerns and preferences of modern consumers, offering a wide variety of affordable poultry products. Furthermore, with the expansion of various alternative production systems (such as corn-fed, organic, free range, etc.) and the utilization of many different species (including laying hens, broilers, turkeys, ducks, geese, pheasants, quails, etc.), it has proven to be one of the most successful sectors in animal production.

Poultry production has benefited substantially from field research, and this can be easily identified in the level of mechanization of the sector as well as the productivity goals accomplished. However, sustaining and enhancing poultry practices require ongoing research and development efforts that focus specifically on contemporary challenges, such as climate change, animal welfare, and the sustainability of production.

This Special Issue, ‘Enhancing Sustainable Poultry Production: Innovations in Management and Nutrition,’ aims to focus on the recent innovations in poultry management and nutrition mainly (but not exclusively) in the following areas: (a) nutritional strategies for improved performance, (b) environmental sustainability, (c) animal welfare and ethical practices, (d) climate-resilient poultry production, (e) health and disease management, and (f) emerging technologies in poultry farming.

Potential focus areas of papers include the following:

  • Alternative protein sources in poultry feed: Assessing the feasibility and sustainability of incorporating alternative protein sources such as insects or plant-based proteins in poultry diets.
  • Optimizing poultry nutrition through agricultural by-products: Exploring innovative approaches to incorporate by-products from agricultural industries into poultry diets to enhance nutrition, reduce waste, and improve sustainability in poultry production.
  • Welfare-driven housing and management systems: Examining housing and management practices designed to prioritize poultry welfare, such as enriched environments, mobile housing units, and innovative applications in the regulation of the indoor environment of poultry farms, including temperature, humidity, ventilation parameters, and the control of unwanted gases.
  • Poultry gut microbiota and health: Exploring the intricate relationship between gut microbiota composition and poultry health, with implications for nutrition and disease management.
  • Precision nutrition for poultry: Discussing precision feeding and data-driven approaches to tailor nutrition to the specific needs of individual poultry, thereby optimizing performance while reducing waste.
  • Innovative approaches to mitigate thermal stress: Exploring novel techniques to manage and mitigate thermal stress in poultry, considering the impact on both performance and welfare.
  • Enhancing poultry performance and product quality: Investigating the use of additives, such as essential oils, acidifiers, enzymes, probiotics, prebiotics, and aluminosilicate minerals, along with the application of low protein diets supplemented with essential amino acids, to improve poultry performance and enhance the quality of meat and eggs.
  • Evaluating environmental footprints in poultry farming: Conducting assessments of the water and carbon footprint associated with broiler and laying hen production, and exploring strategies to reduce their environmental impact. This includes considerations for energy-efficient practices and technologies in poultry buildings to minimize the overall ecological footprint.

Dr. Vassilios Dotas
Dr. George K. Symeon
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • poultry production
  • nutritional strategies
  • sustainability
  • animal welfare
  • environmental impact
  • alternative protein sources
  • feed additives
  • gut microbiota
  • thermal stress
  • poultry meat and egg quality

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3415 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Growth and Gut Health in Squabs: The Impact of Fermented Mixed Feed
by Changfeng Xiao, Xin Li, Zhizhao Ding, Hongcai Zhang, Wenwei Lv, Changsuo Yang, Daqian He and Lihui Zhu
Animals 2024, 14(10), 1411; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14101411 - 8 May 2024
Viewed by 901
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fermented mixed feed (FMF) (soybean meal–rapeseed meal–corn bran (6:3:1, m/m/m)) on the growth performance, intestinal microbial communities, and metabolomes of squabs. One hundred and eighty 1-day-old squabs [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fermented mixed feed (FMF) (soybean meal–rapeseed meal–corn bran (6:3:1, m/m/m)) on the growth performance, intestinal microbial communities, and metabolomes of squabs. One hundred and eighty 1-day-old squabs were randomly allocated to two groups, each containing six replicates of fifteen squabs cared for by 60 pairs of breeding pigeons secreting crop milk. Each pair of breeding pigeons cared for three squabs. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental group was fed the basal diet containing 5% FMF. The results showed that daily weight gain, carcass weight, villus height, and the mRNA level of ZO-1 in the ileum were increased in the birds fed FMF compared to the control squabs (p < 0.05). Greater abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, and Bacillus as well as fewer harmful bacteria (i.e., Enterococcus, Veillonella, and Corynebacterium) in the ilea of squabs fed FMF. Six differential metabolites were identified in the FMF-treated squabs; one metabolite was increased (ω-salicoyisalicin) and five were decreased (3-benzoyloxy-6-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid, estradiol-17-phenylpropionate, aminotriazole, phosphatidyl ethanolamine (22:6/0:0), and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol). Positive correlations were observed between the abundance of Lactobacillus and villus height. Overall, FMF treatment improved both growth and intestinal health in pigeons, suggesting potential benefits for pigeon production. Full article
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25 pages, 1524 KiB  
Article
Advancing Efficiency Sustainability in Poultry Farms through Data Envelopment Analysis in a Brazilian Production System
by Stefanni Marmelstein, Igor Pinheiro de Araújo Costa, Adilson Vilarinho Terra, Ricardo Franceli da Silva, Gabriel Pereira de Oliveira Capela, Miguel Ângelo Lellis Moreira, Claudio de Souza Rocha Junior, Carlos Francisco Simões Gomes and Marcos dos Santos
Animals 2024, 14(5), 726; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14050726 - 26 Feb 2024
Viewed by 2112
Abstract
The production efficiency factor is widely used to measure the zootechnical performance of a batch of broilers. The unit cost of production brings new elements to improve efficiency evaluation and financial sustainability for this activity in agriculture. This research aims to evaluate the [...] Read more.
The production efficiency factor is widely used to measure the zootechnical performance of a batch of broilers. The unit cost of production brings new elements to improve efficiency evaluation and financial sustainability for this activity in agriculture. This research aims to evaluate the production efficiency level of the crop to maximize the return on investment. This study uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the computational processing of the SIAD software (Integrated Decision Support System). The variables selected were poultry housing, age at slaughter, feed consumed, mortality, and unit cost. The chosen output variable was the total available weight. The analysis spans 31 decision-making units (DMUs) composed of integrated producers, unveiling a frontier of efficiency delineated by the most exemplary DMUs. Notably, only two DMUs, specifically DMU 4 and DMU 23, approached the threshold of maximum relative efficiency. This research illuminates the critical role of unit cost in enhancing the assessment of production efficiency and financial sustainability within the agriculture environment. By setting benchmarks for efficient management and operational protocols, our findings serve as a cornerstone for improving practices among less efficient DMUs, contributing significantly to the literature on agricultural efficiency and offering actionable insights for the poultry farming sector. Full article
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16 pages, 1633 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Extract for Promoting Flock Health and Performance in Late-Phase Laying Hens
by Methisa Longchuphon, Peerawit Chongrattanameteekul, Raktham Mektrirat, Korawan Sringarm, Wanaporn Tapingkae, Orranee Srinual, Kiattisak Huanhong, Wipasiri Chaiphun, Chaiwat Arjin, Sanchai Jaturasitha and Chompunut Lumsangkul
Animals 2024, 14(3), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030515 - 4 Feb 2024
Viewed by 2082
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Caesalpinia sappan Linn Extract (CSE) on the health and productive performance of late-phase laying hens on farms. Proximate composition and antioxidant markers of CSE powder revealed favorable characteristics with high total dry matter; [...] Read more.
The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Caesalpinia sappan Linn Extract (CSE) on the health and productive performance of late-phase laying hens on farms. Proximate composition and antioxidant markers of CSE powder revealed favorable characteristics with high total dry matter; phenolic content, and antioxidant potency. Three hundred and sixty (64-week-old) Hy-line Brown hens were divided into five groups with 0 (control diet), 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg CSE, respectively. The laying performance and egg quality of the CSE supplementation groups demonstrated significant improvements in egg weight and albumin weight (p < 0.05), and a tendency for enhanced egg mass and feed conversion ratio. Additionally, the intestinal morphostructural indices in the 2000 mg CSE/kg diet group showed the greatest statistical significance (p < 0.05), with a detectable trend suggesting an increase in the villus height to crypt depth ratio. In addition, significant downregulation of proinflammatory genes occurred in their liver tissues, coupled with a greater expression of genes linked to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the blood biochemical parameters and the organ weights may suggest a favorable safety profile of CSE supplementation. These findings highlight the potential of CSE as a dietary supplement to enhance the productive performance and flock health of late-phase laying hens. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and optimal dosage of CSE supplementation for laying hens in farming practices Full article
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19 pages, 325 KiB  
Article
Effects of Partial Replacement of Soybean with Local Alternative Sources on Growth, Blood Parameters, Welfare, and Economic Indicators of Local and Commercial Broilers
by Muazzez Cömert Acar, Berna Türkekul, Özlem Karahan Uysal, Sezen Özkan and Servet Yalcin
Animals 2024, 14(2), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14020314 - 19 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1568
Abstract
The effects of the partial replacement of soybean with alternative local agri-industry by-products and black soldier fly (BSF) larvae meal on broiler growth performance, blood biochemistry, welfare, and, subsequently, economic performance of these diets were evaluated. A total of 524 day-old chicks from [...] Read more.
The effects of the partial replacement of soybean with alternative local agri-industry by-products and black soldier fly (BSF) larvae meal on broiler growth performance, blood biochemistry, welfare, and, subsequently, economic performance of these diets were evaluated. A total of 524 day-old chicks from a local and a commercial strain were fed one of the three diets from the day of hatch to the slaughter age. The diets were the following: a soybean-based control diet, a diet in which soybean was partially replaced (SPR) with agri-industrial by-products, or a diet with BSF larvae meal added to the SPR (SPR + BSF). There was no effect of the diets on the slaughter weight, total feed consumption, and feed conversion of the chickens. The SPR + BSF diet reduced the blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, protein, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in the local chickens and the gamma-glutamyl transferase, protein, and creatinine levels in the commercial broilers. The negative effect of the SPR diet on plumage cleanliness in the commercial broilers was alleviated by the SPR + BSF diet, whereas 100% of the local birds presented either slight or moderate soiling. The results showed that, due to the high cost of the BSF larvae meal, the SPR + BSF diet was not economically feasible. In a further study, the price trends of BSF larvae will be examined from the standpoint of economic profitability conditions. Full article
13 pages, 607 KiB  
Article
Dietary Effects of Some Plant Extracts on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, and Some Blood Parameters in Laying Hens at Different Cage Densities
by Nurinisa Esenbuga and Ozlem Ekinci
Animals 2023, 13(24), 3866; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13243866 - 15 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1344
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of cage density and anise extract (AE), thyme extract (TE), and black cumin extract (BCE) supplementation in the diet of laying hens on laying performance, egg quality, and some blood parameters. A total of [...] Read more.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of cage density and anise extract (AE), thyme extract (TE), and black cumin extract (BCE) supplementation in the diet of laying hens on laying performance, egg quality, and some blood parameters. A total of 288 Lohman White commercial hens were blocked according to the location of their cages. The four dietary treatments included a control, basal diet + 250 mg/kg of AE, basal diet + 250 mg/kg of BCE, and basal diet + 250 mg/kg of TE for 12 weeks. The cage density affected egg production (p < 0.05), feed consumption (p < 0.01), and cracked eggs (p < 0.05). Increasing the cage density caused a linear decrease in egg production and feed consumption. Compared to the control, there was a decrease in feed consumption (p < 0.01) in the plant extract groups, and in parallel, egg production decreased. An increased cage density did not affect the egg quality traits except the shell strength. The shell strength, yolk color, yolk index, albumen index, and Haught unit were significantly affected by the plant extracts. The cage density and plant extracts had a significant effect on the serum corticosterone and glucose (p < 0.01). The highest values of corticosterone and glucose were recorded for dietary TE with a cage density of 4 birds/cm2. On the other hand, the lowest values of these parameters were recorded for AE addition with a cage density of 3 birds/cm2. As a result, an increased cage density was associated with stress and depression in the feed consumption and metabolic profiles. Supplemental AE, BCE, and TE improved the laying performance and metabolic profiles. Full article
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Review

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27 pages, 1429 KiB  
Review
Flight toward Sustainability in Poultry Nutrition with Black Soldier Fly Larvae
by Md Salahuddin, Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth, Kohzy Hiramatsu, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Daylan Luza and Jayant Lohakare
Animals 2024, 14(3), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030510 - 3 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5067
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), have emerged as a promising feed ingredient in broiler chicken diets, known for their high protein content, nutritional richness, and environmental sustainability. This review examines the effects of integrating BSFL into broiler feeds, [...] Read more.
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), have emerged as a promising feed ingredient in broiler chicken diets, known for their high protein content, nutritional richness, and environmental sustainability. This review examines the effects of integrating BSFL into broiler feeds, focusing on aspects such as growth performance, nutrient digestibility, physiological responses, and immune health. The ability of BSFL to transform waste into valuable biomass rich in proteins and lipids underscores their efficiency and ecological benefits. Protein levels in BSFL can range from 32% to 53%, varying with growth stage and diet, offering a robust source of amino acids essential for muscle development and growth in broilers. While the chitin in BSFL poses questions regarding digestibility, the overall impact on nutrient utilization is generally favorable. The inclusion of BSFL in diets has been shown to enhance growth rates, feed efficiency, and carcass quality in broilers, with the larvae’s balanced amino acid profile being particularly advantageous for muscle development. BSFL may also support gut health and immunity in broilers due to its bioactive components, potentially influencing the gut’s microbial composition and enhancing nutrient absorption and overall health. Moreover, the capacity of BSFL to efficiently convert organic waste into protein highlights their role as an environmentally sustainable protein source for broiler nutrition. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to fully understand the long-term effects of BSFL, ideal inclusion rates, and the impact of varying larval diets and rearing conditions. It is crucial for poultry producers to consult nutritionists and comply with local regulations when incorporating new feed ingredients like BSFL into poultry diets. Full article
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