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Animals
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Poultry Virology and Vaccines
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Poultry Virology and Vaccines

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Poultry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 3 December 2024 | Viewed by 1993

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiaorong Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
Interests: infectious bronchitis virus; avian influenza virus; vaccine development; antiviral compound; virus-host interaction; pathogenesis, epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chunchun Meng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: Newcastle disease virus; waterfowl associated virus; vaccine development; antiviral compound; virus-host interaction; pathogenesis; epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Minhua Sun

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Interests: virus; vaccine; virus-host interactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The special issue on Poultry Virology and Vaccines is a comprehensive collection of research articles that aims to provide a platform for scientists and researchers to share their latest findings and advancements in the field of poultry virology and vaccination. This special issue focuses on various aspects of poultry virology, including the identification and characterization of viral pathogens affecting poultry health, the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of poultry viruses, and the development and evaluation of effective vaccines.

The scope of this special issue encompasses a wide range of topics related to poultry virology and vaccines. It covers the molecular aspects of viral replication, host immune responses, and the development of diagnostic tools for early detection of viral infections in poultry. Additionally, it explores different vaccination strategies, such as live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, and vector-based vaccines, and their effectiveness in controlling viral diseases in poultry.

Prof. Dr. Xiaorong Zhang
Dr. Chunchun Meng
Dr. Minhua Sun
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • epidemiology
  • pathogenesis
  • vaccine development
  • antiviral compound
  • virus-host interaction

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 20087 KiB  
Article
Deciphering the Genetic Variation: A Comparative Analysis of Parental and Attenuated Strains of the QXL87 Vaccine for Infectious Bronchitis
by Mengmeng Wang, Zongyi Bo, Chengcheng Zhang, Mengjiao Guo, Yantao Wu and Xiaorong Zhang
Animals 2024, 14(12), 1784; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14121784 - 13 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 847
Abstract
The QXL87 live attenuated vaccine strain for infectious bronchitis represents the first approved QX type (GI-19 lineage) vaccine in China. This strain was derived from the parental strain CK/CH/JS/2010/12 through continuous passage in SPF chicken embryos. To elucidate the molecular mechanism behind its [...] Read more.
The QXL87 live attenuated vaccine strain for infectious bronchitis represents the first approved QX type (GI-19 lineage) vaccine in China. This strain was derived from the parental strain CK/CH/JS/2010/12 through continuous passage in SPF chicken embryos. To elucidate the molecular mechanism behind its attenuation, whole-genome sequencing was conducted on both the parental and attenuated strains. Analysis revealed 145 nucleotide mutations in the attenuated strain, leading to 48 amino acid mutations in various proteins, including Nsp2 (26), Nsp3 (14), Nsp4 (1), S (4), 3a (1), E (1), and N (1). Additionally, a frameshift mutation caused by a single base insertion in the ORFX resulted in a six-amino-acid extension. Subsequent comparison of post-translational modification sites, protein structure, and protein–protein binding sites between the parental and attenuated strains identified three potential virulence genes: Nsp2, Nsp3, and S. The amino acid mutations in these proteins not only altered their conformation but also affected the distribution of post-translational modification sites and protein–protein interaction sites. Furthermore, three potential functional mutation sites—P106S, A352T, and L472F, all located in the Nsp2 protein—were identified through PROVEAN, PolyPhen, and I-Mutant. Overall, our findings suggest that Nsp2, Nsp3, and S proteins may play a role in modulating IBV pathogenicity, with a particular focus on the significance of the Nsp2 protein. This study contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying IBV attenuation and holds promise for the development of safer live attenuated IBV vaccines using reverse genetic approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Poultry Virology and Vaccines)
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Review

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24 pages, 850 KiB  
Review
Antiviral Effects of Avian Interferon-Stimulated Genes
by Xingchen He, Shiyuan Zhang, Ziheng Zou, Pei Gao, Liangyu Yang and Bin Xiang
Animals 2024, 14(21), 3062; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14213062 - 24 Oct 2024
Viewed by 484
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) stimulate the expression of numerous IFN-stimulating genes via the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of the transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, which plays an important role in the host defense against viral infections. In mammals, including humans and mice, a substantial number [...] Read more.
Interferons (IFNs) stimulate the expression of numerous IFN-stimulating genes via the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of the transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, which plays an important role in the host defense against viral infections. In mammals, including humans and mice, a substantial number of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) have been identified, and their molecular mechanisms have been elucidated. It is important to note that avian species are phylogenetically distant from mammals, resulting in distinct IFN-induced ISGs that may have different functions. At present, only a limited number of avian ISGs have been identified. In this review, we summarized the identified avian ISGs and their antiviral activities. As gene-editing technology is widely used in avian breeding, the identification of avian ISGs and the elucidation of their molecular mechanism may provide important support for the breeding of avians for disease resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Poultry Virology and Vaccines)
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