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Animals
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The Participation of Epithelial Cells in the Immune Response
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The Participation of Epithelial Cells in the Immune Response

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 22385

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Piotr Bąska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ciszewskiego 8 Street, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: immunology; microbiology; veterinary; biochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: horses; exercise; race; reproduction; immunology; sport; welfare
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Katarzyna Basałaj

E-Mail
Co-Guest Editor
Witold Stefański Institute, PAS, Host Parasites Molecular Interactions Research Unit, Twarda 51/55 Street, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

     The role of epithelia in immune response is a significant and dynamically developing topic. Epithelial cells are the first line of innate immunity and release a number of agents regulating immune response. Their role in infectious diseases, allergies, and autoimmune diseases has been proven, mainly in human diseases and their animal models. In veterinary medicine, the topic remains less explored, encouraging further investigation. The aim of the Special Issue of Animals, titled "The Participation of Epithelial Cells in the Immune Response" is to collect, explore, and summarize the data regarding the topic. Review and experimental works concerning domestic and wild animals are both welcome. Data collected from the mouse models of human diseases may also be considered, but the impact of the research on animals needs to be proven. The main aims and scopes of the Issue are as follows:

 

  • Genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics of epithelial cells
  • Interaction of epithelia with immune cells
  • Role of epithelial cells in immune response against infection agents
  • Interaction between epithelial cells and microbiota in sustaining welfare and maintaining animal health
  • Crosstalk of dietary ingredients and epithelia in sustaining the appropriate immune state of animals
  • Local immune response as a reaction for infection agents, injuries, and burns
  • Crosstalk between epithelia-induced immune response and hormone balance
  • Pathologies of epithelia and their impact on animal wellbeing.

Dr. Piotr Bąska
Dr. Katarzyna Basałaj
Dr. Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immune response
  • epithelial cells
  • animal diseases

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1278 KiB  
Article
Induction of Serum Amyloid A3 in Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and Lipoteichoic Acid
by Sato Kamiya, Kaori Shimizu, Ayaka Okada and Yasuo Inoshima
Animals 2021, 11(6), 1548; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061548 - 25 May 2021
Viewed by 3925
Abstract
In this study, to establish whether serum amyloid A (SAA) 3 plays a role in the defense against bacterial infection in mouse mammary epithelium, normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) epithelial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LPS and LTA [...] Read more.
In this study, to establish whether serum amyloid A (SAA) 3 plays a role in the defense against bacterial infection in mouse mammary epithelium, normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) epithelial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LPS and LTA significantly enhanced mRNA expression level of the Saa3 gene, whereas no significant change was observed in the Saa1 mRNA level. Furthermore, LPS induced SAA3 protein expression more strongly than LTA, whereas neither LPS nor LTA significantly affected SAA1 protein expression. These data indicate that the expression of SAA3 in mouse mammary epithelial cells was increased by the stimulation with bacterial antigens. SAA3 has been reported to stimulate neutrophils in the intestinal epithelium and increase interleukin-22 expression, which induces activation of the innate immune system and production of antibacterial proteins, such as antimicrobial peptides. Therefore, collectively, these data suggest that SAA3 is involved in the defense against bacterial infection in mouse mammary epithelium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Participation of Epithelial Cells in the Immune Response)
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Review

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13 pages, 554 KiB  
Review
The Immunological Role of Vascular and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Filarial Infections
by Magdalena Elżbieta Wysmołek, Ewa Długosz and Marcin Wiśniewski
Animals 2022, 12(4), 426; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12040426 - 10 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3630
Abstract
The embryonic stage of filarial nematodes, or microfilariae (Mf), shows daily and seasonal periodicity that requires their migration through blood vessels into the lungs, where they are sequestered when not circulating in the peripheral blood. Therefore, Mf and the host endothelium are likely [...] Read more.
The embryonic stage of filarial nematodes, or microfilariae (Mf), shows daily and seasonal periodicity that requires their migration through blood vessels into the lungs, where they are sequestered when not circulating in the peripheral blood. Therefore, Mf and the host endothelium are likely in a permanent state of hide and seek. Interestingly, filarial nematodes co-cultured in media with a murine endothelial cell line survive eight times longer than those cultured in media alone. This suggests that the endothelium is an important element of the immune response in filarial nematodes, perversely promoting their survival in the host. In this review, we will focus on potential pathways involved in the relationship between filarial nematodes and the host endothelium, including the role of endothelial ICAM/VCAM/PECAM adhesion molecules, surface markers involved in the passage of Mf through host tissue, anti-thrombolic effects caused by the presence of filarial nematodes (including plasmins), endothelial cell proliferation (VEGF), and other aspects of the immune activation of the endothelium. The aim of this review is to merge the knowledge about the cross-talk between Mf of different filarial nematode species and endothelial cells (EC), thus allowing a better understanding of the mechanism of these parasitic infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Participation of Epithelial Cells in the Immune Response)
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13 pages, 4502 KiB  
Review
The Role of the Intestinal Epithelium in the “Weep and Sweep” Response during Gastro—Intestinal Helminth Infections
by Piotr Bąska and Luke James Norbury
Animals 2022, 12(2), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12020175 - 12 Jan 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3190
Abstract
Helminths are metazoan parasites infecting around 1.5 billion people all over the world. During coevolution with hosts, worms have developed numerous ways to trick and evade the host immune response, and because of their size, they cannot be internalized and killed by immune [...] Read more.
Helminths are metazoan parasites infecting around 1.5 billion people all over the world. During coevolution with hosts, worms have developed numerous ways to trick and evade the host immune response, and because of their size, they cannot be internalized and killed by immune cells in the same way as bacteria or viruses. During infection, a substantial Th2 component to the immune response is evoked which helps restrain Th1-mediated tissue damage. Although an enhanced Th2 response is often not enough to kill the parasite and terminate an infection in itself, when tightly coordinated with the nervous, endocrine, and motor systems it can dislodge parasites from tissues and expel them from the gut. A significant role in this “weep and seep” response is attributed to intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). This review highlights the role of various IEC lineages (enterocytes, tuft cells, Paneth cells, microfold cells, goblet cells, and intestine stem cells) during the course of helminth infections and summarizes their roles in regulating gut architecture and permeability, and muscle contractions and interactions with the immune and nervous system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Participation of Epithelial Cells in the Immune Response)
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32 pages, 2280 KiB  
Review
Integrity of the Intestinal Barrier: The Involvement of Epithelial Cells and Microbiota—A Mutual Relationship
by Małgorzata Gieryńska, Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska, Justyna Struzik, Matylda Barbara Mielcarska and Karolina Paulina Gregorczyk-Zboroch
Animals 2022, 12(2), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12020145 - 8 Jan 2022
Cited by 58 | Viewed by 6356
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract, which is constantly exposed to a multitude of stimuli, is considered responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of the host. It is inhabited by billions of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which form a mutualistic relationship with the host. Although the microbiota [...] Read more.
The gastrointestinal tract, which is constantly exposed to a multitude of stimuli, is considered responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of the host. It is inhabited by billions of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which form a mutualistic relationship with the host. Although the microbiota is generally recognized as beneficial, at the same time, together with pathogens, they are a permanent threat to the host. Various populations of epithelial cells provide the first line of chemical and physical defense against external factors acting as the interface between luminal microorganisms and immunocompetent cells in lamina propria. In this review, we focus on some essential, innate mechanisms protecting mucosal integrity, thus responsible for maintaining intestine homeostasis. The characteristics of decisive cell populations involved in maintaining the barrier arrangement, based on mucus secretion, formation of intercellular junctions as well as production of antimicrobial peptides, responsible for shaping the gut microbiota, are presented. We emphasize the importance of cross-talk between gut microbiota and epithelial cells as a factor vital for the maintenance of the homeostasis of the GI tract. Finally, we discuss how the imbalance of these regulations leads to the compromised barrier integrity and dysbiosis considered to contribute to inflammatory disorders and metabolic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Participation of Epithelial Cells in the Immune Response)
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Other

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14 pages, 960 KiB  
Perspective
Enterocytes in Food Hypersensitivity Reactions
by Maja Krstić Ristivojević, Danijela Apostolović and Katarina Smiljanić
Animals 2021, 11(9), 2713; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092713 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3195
Abstract
Food hypersensitivity reactions are adverse reactions to harmless dietary substances, whose causes are hidden within derangements of the complex immune machinery of humans and mammals. Until recently, enterocytes were considered as solely absorptive cells providing a physical barrier for unwanted lumen constituents. This [...] Read more.
Food hypersensitivity reactions are adverse reactions to harmless dietary substances, whose causes are hidden within derangements of the complex immune machinery of humans and mammals. Until recently, enterocytes were considered as solely absorptive cells providing a physical barrier for unwanted lumen constituents. This review focuses on the enterocytes, which are the hub for innate and adaptive immune reactions. Furthermore, the ambiguous nature of enterocytes is also reflected in the fact that enterocytes can be considered as antigen-presenting cells since they constitutively express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Taken together, it becomes clear that enterocytes have an immense role in maintaining oral tolerance to foreign antigens. In general, the immune system and its mechanisms underlying food hypersensitivity are still unknown and the involvement of components belonging to other anatomical systems, such as enterocytes, in these mechanisms make their elucidation even more difficult. The findings from studies with animal models provide us with valuable information about allergic mechanisms in the animal world, while on the other hand, these models are used to extrapolate results to the pathological conditions occurring in humans. There is a constant need for studies that deal with this topic and can overcome the glitches related to ethics in working with animals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Participation of Epithelial Cells in the Immune Response)
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