Battery Management Systems of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles II

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Modelling, Simulation, Management and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2022) | Viewed by 5718

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Automation and Control, John Abbott College, Quebec, QC H9X 3L9, Canada
Interests: systems theory (linear, nonlinear, optimal, stochastic, and adaptive); artificial intelligence; neural networks; control systems; automation (PLC); signal processing; robotics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The battery management system (BMS) is a key component of electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/HEVs) that integrates energy storage systems (ESS) such as batteries of different chemistries, supercapacitors or hybrid components, sensors, controllers, serial communication, and computation hardware with software algorithms on-board implemented to assess the maximum charging/discharging cycles’ current and the duration from the estimation of state of charge (SOC) and state of health ( SOH) of the battery pack. The BMS performs the tasks by integrating one or more of the functions, such as sampling the voltages of the battery cells and the temperatures in the battery module, sampling the voltage of the battery, sampling the current of the battery, as well as cell balancing and determining the state of charge (SOC) of the battery. Thus, a BMS is an essential interface between the battery and the EV/HEV, extremely useful in improving the battery performance and optimizing vehicle operation in a safe and reliable manner. A comprehensive and mature BMS contains hardware and software components, cell balancing, and safety circuitry that play an important role in monitoring, controlling, computing, and continually showing the safety state, SOC and SOH, such that the longevity of the battery is extended. In this Special Issue, we are looking for contributions helping to address concerns around current BMSs, mainly the state of charge, state of health, and state of life, considered as a critical task for a BMS. Reviewing the latest methodologies for the state evaluation of batteries and presenting some future challenges for BMSs and possible innovative solutions will be also well appreciated.

Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Comprehensive and mature BMS design and development considerations;
  • Major challenges in BMS design of EVs/HEVs and in supercharger infrastructure of EVs;
  • Main battery types integrated in EV/HEV modeling and temperature considerations:
    • Lead acid battery type charge and discharge models;
    • Lithium-ion battery type (Li-Ion)—charge and discharge models;
    • Nickel–cadmium battery type (Ni–Cd)—charge and discharge models;
    • Nickel–metal–hydride type (Ni–MH)—charge and discharge models;
  • commercial batteries’ characterization, diagnosis, prognosis, and performance optimization, from experimental testing, statistical analysis, thermal modeling, to BMS algorithms;
  • MATLAB batteries/Simulink models with extension to SIMSCAPE block modeling;
  • Cell voltage sampling, battery temperature sampling, battery voltage, and current sampling methods;
  • Battery temperature and cell balancing using special integrated circuits (ICs);
  • Battery aging mechanisms and modeling;
  • Battery state of charge (SOC) estimation—estimation algorithms;
  • Battery state of health (SOH) estimation—estimation algorithms;
  • Balancing circuits with consideration of the lifetime of the battery;
  • Influence of aging on cost and environmental analyses of batteries of different chemistries;
  • Optimal sizing and design of batteries of different chemistries.

Prof. Dr. Nicolae Tudoroiu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • battery management system (BMS)
  • state estimation
  • state of charge (SOC) of the battery
  • state of health estimation of the ESS
  • cell balancing of the ESS
  • aging modeling of ESS
  • Kalman filters techniques
  • particle filters estimation
  • linear and nonlinear observers
  • state of life estimation of the ESS
  • genetic algorithms
  • fault detection, diagnosis and isolation (FDDI) in the ESS
  • PID control
  • fuzzy logic control

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

27 pages, 10524 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Thermal Performance of a Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System for an Electric Van
by Franck Pra, Jad Al Koussa, Sebastian Ludwig and Carlo M. De Servi
Batteries 2021, 7(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries7020027 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4563
Abstract
The temperature and the temperature gradient within the battery pack of an electric vehicle have a strong effect on the life time of the battery cells. In the case of automotive applications, a battery thermal management (BTM) system is required to maintain the [...] Read more.
The temperature and the temperature gradient within the battery pack of an electric vehicle have a strong effect on the life time of the battery cells. In the case of automotive applications, a battery thermal management (BTM) system is required to maintain the temperature of the cells within a prescribed and safe range, and to prevent excessively high thermal gradients within the battery pack. This work documents the assessment of a thermal management system for a battery pack for an electric van, which adopts a combination of active/passive solutions: the battery cells are arranged in a matrix or composite made of expanded graphite and a phase change material (PCM), which can be actively cooled by forced air convection. The thermal dissipation of the cells was predicted based on an equivalent circuit model of the cells (LG Chem MJ1) that was empirically calibrated in a previous study. It resulted that, in order to keep the temperature of the battery pack at or below 40 °C during certain charge/discharge cycles, a purely passive BTM would require a considerable amount of PCM material that would unacceptably increase the battery pack weight. Therefore, the passive solution was combined with an air cooling system that could be activated when necessary. To assess the resulting hybrid BTM concept, CFD simulations were performed and an experimental test setup was built to validate the simulations. In particular, PCM melting and solidification times, the thermal discrepancy among the cells and the melting/solidification temperatures were examined. The melting time experimentally observed was higher than that predicted by the CFD model, but this discrepancy was not observed during the solidification of the PCM. This deviation between the CFD model results and the experimental data during PCM melting can be attributed to the thermal losses occurring through the mock-up casing as the heating elements are in direct contact with the external walls of the casing. Moreover, the temperature range over which the PCM solidifies was 6 °C lower than that estimated in the numerical simulations. This occurs because the simple thermodynamic model cannot predict the metastable state of the liquid phase which occurs before the onset of PCM solidification. The mockup was also used to emulate the heat dissipation of the cells during a highway driving cycle of the eVan and the thermal management solution as designed. Results showed that for this mission of the vehicle and starting from an initial temperature of the cells of 40 °C, the battery pack temperature could be maintained below 40 °C over the entire mission by a cooling air flow at 2.5 m/s and at a temperature of 30 °C. Full article
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