From Liquid to Solid, the Alternation of Generations toward Solid-State Batteries

Dear Colleagues,

Batteries are anticipated to become an indispensable part of the CO2-free value chain and energy supply, a development driven by the high cost involved in energy supply, which can be by energy density enhancement employing similar raw materials. Li-Ion technology is one of the most promising candidates, currently receiving the most attention. However, energy density can be further distinctly enhanced using Li-metal instead of graphite as a negative electrode. In optimal cases, Li containers are positive electrodes, and lithium is deposited upon first charge. Solid-state electrolytes are considered the only enabler because they guarantee comparable coulombic efficiencies vs. Li-Ion batteries. These efficiencies must exceed 99.9%—while 98% or 99% (the limits for liquid electrolytes) may seem high enough, they are still insufficient. However, the basic idea of solid electrolytes for such batteries is the immobilization of all species apart from lithium where side reactions are suppressed to fulfil the extraordinary demand for coulombic efficiencies. Thus, systems such as hybrid solid–solid batteries (HySolSol), hybrid solid–gel batteries (HySolGel), and hybrid solid–liquid batteries (HySolLiq) are also receiving a tremendous amount of interest. In addition, high-voltage cathodes could become also feasible employing such approaches. Success can only be achieved through effective dendrite suppression. Due to the incredible progress in the conductivity enhancement of solid electrolytes in the last four decades, we can conclude that the time has arrived for them to be pushed to the forefront, with focused research exploring the possibilities and challenges.

Prof. Dr. Kai Peter Birke
Dr. Alexander Fill
Guest Editors

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