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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Cellular and Pathogenesis Mechanisms in Oral Cancer
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Cellular and Pathogenesis Mechanisms in Oral Cancer

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 2651

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jun-Ichi Tanuma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
Interests: oral squamous cell carcinoma; head and neck cancer; oral oncology; biomarkers; prognostic markers; MOPDs; oral epithelial dysplasia; oral cancer (including salivary glands tumor and odontogenic

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral cancer is a multi-step process in which multiple genetic events occur that alter the normal function of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Despite advances in surgical techniques, radiation therapy, chemotherapy protocols and other treatment modalities, long-term survival rates for oral cancer patients have been unsatisfactory for several decades. Furthermore, although most oral cancers arise from oral epithelial dysplasia, a premalignant lesion, useful markers for its early detection are still lacking.

Therefore, this Special Issue aims to provide a "research update" on understanding the molecular regulation of the various pathways associated with oral cancer, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and prognostic evaluation, thereby paving the way for new approaches to treatment and prevention.

Dr. Jun-Ichi Tanuma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral carcinogenesis
  • oral cancer model
  • OSCC
  • oral cytology
  • biomarkers
  • targeted therapies
  • precision medicine
  • bioinformatics

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 6199 KiB  
Article
Rapamycin Induces Phenotypic Alterations in Oral Cancer Cells That May Facilitate Antitumor T Cell Responses
by Amirmoezz Yonesi, Kei Tomihara, Danki Takatsuka, Hidetake Tachinami, Manabu Yamazaki, Amir Reza Younesi Jadidi, Mayu Takaichi, Shuichi Imaue, Kumiko Fujiwara, Shin-Ichi Yamada, Jun-Ichi Tanuma and Makoto Noguchi
Biomedicines 2024, 12(5), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12051078 (registering DOI) - 13 May 2024
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Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we investigated the antitumor immunomodulatory effects of rapamycin in oral cancer. Study Design: We examined the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of cancer cells and investigated the cell surface expression levels of immune accessory molecules and T cell immune responses [...] Read more.
Objectives: In this study, we investigated the antitumor immunomodulatory effects of rapamycin in oral cancer. Study Design: We examined the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of cancer cells and investigated the cell surface expression levels of immune accessory molecules and T cell immune responses in vitro. We investigated the effect of in vivo administration of rapamycin on immune cell distribution and T cell immune responses in oral tumor-bearing mice. Results: Rapamycin treatment significantly inhibited OSCC cell proliferation and migration, increased apoptotic cell death, and upregulated cell surface expression of several immune accessory and adhesion molecules, including CD40, CD83, PD-L1, PD-L2, MHC class I, P-selectin, and VCAM-1. These cancer cells augmented T cell proliferation. In vivo rapamycin administration significantly attenuated mouse tumor growth with an increased proportion of immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs); decreased the proportion of immune suppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells; enhanced DC maturation and upregulated the surface expression of CD40, CD86, and ICAM-1. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the therapeutic effect of mTOR inhibition in oral cancer can cause direct antitumor and immunomodulatory effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Pathogenesis Mechanisms in Oral Cancer)
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11 pages, 1694 KiB  
Article
Cetuximab–Toxin Conjugate and NPe6 with Light Enhanced Cytotoxic Effects in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro
by Noriko Komatsu, Azuma Kosai, Mikako Kuroda, Takao Hamakubo and Takahiro Abe
Biomedicines 2024, 12(5), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050973 - 29 Apr 2024
Viewed by 465
Abstract
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer-targeted treatment that uses a photosensitizer (PS) and irradiation of a specific wavelength to exert cytotoxic effects. To enhance the antitumor effect against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we developed a new phototherapy, intelligent targeted [...] Read more.
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer-targeted treatment that uses a photosensitizer (PS) and irradiation of a specific wavelength to exert cytotoxic effects. To enhance the antitumor effect against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we developed a new phototherapy, intelligent targeted antibody phototherapy (iTAP). This treatment uses a combination of immunotoxin (IT) and a PS for PDT and light irradiation. In our prior study, we demonstrated that an immunotoxin (IT) consisting of an anti-ROBO1 antibody conjugated to saporin, when used in combination with the photosensitizer (PS) disulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS2a) and irradiated with light at the appropriate wavelength, resulted in increased cytotoxicity against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. ROBO1 is a receptor known to be involved in the progression of cancer. In this study, we newly investigate the iTAP targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which is widely used as a therapeutic target for HNSCC. Methods: We checked the expression of EGFR in HNSCC cell lines, SAS, HO-1-u-1, Sa3, and HSQ-89. We analyzed the cytotoxicity of saporin-conjugated anti-EGFR antibody (cetuximab) (IT-Cmab), mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6, talaporfin sodium), and light (664 nm) irradiation (i.e., iTAP) in SAS, HO-1-u-1, Sa3, and HSQ-89 cells. Results: EGFR was expressed highly in Sa3, moderately in HO-1-u-1, SAS, and nearly not in HSQ-89. Cmab alone or IT-Cmab alone did not show cytotoxic effects in Sa3, HO-1-u-1, and HSQ-89 cells, which have moderate or low expression levels of EGFR protein. However, the iTAP method enhanced the cytotoxicity of IT-Cmab by the photodynamic effect in Sa3 and HO-1-u-1 cells, which have moderate levels of EGFR expression. Conclusion: Our study is the first to report on the iTAP method using IT-Cmab and NPe6 for HNSCC. The cytotoxic effects are enhanced in cell lines with moderate levels of EGFR protein expression, but not in nonexpressing cell lines, which is expected to expand the range of therapeutic windows and potentially reduce complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Pathogenesis Mechanisms in Oral Cancer)
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15 pages, 3731 KiB  
Article
Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography, CT, MRI, and PET/CT in Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Masaki Takamura, Yutaka Nikkuni, Takafumi Hayashi, Kouji Katsura, Hideyoshi Nishiyama, Manabu Yamazaki, Satoshi Maruyama and Jun-ichi Tanuma
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3119; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123119 - 22 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1378
Abstract
(1) Background: In oral cancer staging, ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are routinely used in clinical practice. The present study is a retrospective examination of the diagnostic accuracy of cervical [...] Read more.
(1) Background: In oral cancer staging, ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are routinely used in clinical practice. The present study is a retrospective examination of the diagnostic accuracy of cervical lymph node metastasis using US, CT, MRI, and PET/CT, with histopathological diagnosis as a reference, to compare the different diagnostic imaging modalities. (2) Methods: The participants included 16 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent US-, CT-, MRI-, and PET/CT-based preoperative diagnostic imaging and simultaneous primary lesion resection and neck dissection, including 82 level regions and 424 lymph nodes. We compared the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of each imaging modality based on the imaging results and the pathology results of metastasis. (3) Results: Of the four diagnostic imaging modalities, PET/CT exhibited the highest sensitivity but the lowest specificity and accuracy. US, CT, and MRI had high specificities. Comparing each level region and lymph node showed that differences were observed in PET/CT. (4) Conclusions: PET/CT to diagnose lymph node metastasis requires a comprehensive evaluation because it produces more false positives than other diagnostic imaging modalities. Using US, CT, and MRI, which have excellent spatial resolution, improves diagnostic accuracy at the lymph node level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular and Pathogenesis Mechanisms in Oral Cancer)
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