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Biomedicines
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Fe-S Proteins in Health and Disease
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Fe-S Proteins in Health and Disease

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 18613

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marie-Pierre Golinelli-Cohen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Interests: Fe-S proteins; Fe-S cluster biogenesis; protein structure and function; oxidative stress; cell fate
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are ubiquitous redox active prosthetic groups typically involved in electron transfer (e.g., mitochondrial respiration) in essential cellular processes. However, Fe-S proteins were recently found in most of the eukaryotic organelles supporting diverse and unexpected functions (e.g., DNA polymerases and repair, transcriptional regulators). Because of the essential cellular roles played by Fe-S proteins, defects in either Fe-S proteins or the biogenesis/repair of their cluster lead to several human diseases, including neurologic dysfunction, cancer and diabetes.

We cordially invite authors in the field to submit original research or review articles highlighting the implications of Fe-S proteins in diseases and human health, including the development of drugs targeting Fe-S proteins.

Dr. Marie-Pierre Golinelli-Cohen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Fe-S proteins
  • Fe-S cluster biogenesis
  • Fe-S cluster repair
  • new drug target
  • iron homeostasis
  • genetic diseases

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 4670 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory CDGSH Iron-Sulfur Domain 2: A Biomarker of Central Nervous System Insult in Cellular, Animal Models and Patients
by Woon-Man Kung, Chai-Ching Lin, Wei-Jung Chen, Li-Lin Jiang, Yu-Yo Sun, Kuang-Hui Hsieh and Muh-Shi Lin
Biomedicines 2022, 10(4), 777; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10040777 - 27 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2696
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) promotes brain inflammation; conversely, brain injury promotes spinal neuron loss. There is a need to identify molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for central nervous system (CNS) injury. CDGSH iron-sulfur structural domain 2 (CISD2), an NF-κB antagonist, is downregulated after [...] Read more.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) promotes brain inflammation; conversely, brain injury promotes spinal neuron loss. There is a need to identify molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for central nervous system (CNS) injury. CDGSH iron-sulfur structural domain 2 (CISD2), an NF-κB antagonist, is downregulated after injury in vivo and in vitro. We aimed to examine the diagnostic value of CISD2 in patients with CNS insult. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CISD2 levels were decreased in 13 patients with CNS insult and were negatively correlated with plasma IL6 levels (associated with disease severity; r = −0.7062; p < 0.01). SCI-induced inflammatory mediators delivered through CSF promoted mouse brain inflammation at 1 h post-SCI. Anti-CISD2 antibody treatment exacerbated SCI-induced inflammation in mouse spine and brain. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated siCISD2-transfected EOC microglial cells exhibited proinflammatory phenotypes (enhanced M1 polarization, decreased M2 polarization, and increased intranuclear NF-κB p65 translocation). Plasma and CSF CISD2 levels were increased in three patients with CNS insult post-therapeutic hypothermia. CISD2 levels were negatively correlated with plasma and CSF levels of inflammatory mediators. CISD2 inhibition and potentiation experiments in cells, animals, and humans revealed CISD2 as a biomarker for CNS insult and upregulation of CISD2 anti-inflammatory properties as a potential therapeutic strategy for CNS insult. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fe-S Proteins in Health and Disease)
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15 pages, 24314 KiB  
Article
A Combined Spectroscopic and In Silico Approach to Evaluate the Interaction of Human Frataxin with Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase
by Davide Doni, Marta Meggiolaro, Javier Santos, Gérard Audran, Sylvain R. A. Marque, Paola Costantini, Marco Bortolus and Donatella Carbonera
Biomedicines 2021, 9(12), 1763; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121763 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1936
Abstract
Frataxin (FXN) is a highly conserved mitochondrial protein whose deficiency causes Friedreich’s ataxia, a neurodegenerative disease. The precise physiological function of FXN is still unclear; however, there is experimental evidence that the protein is involved in biosynthetic iron–sulfur cluster machinery, redox imbalance, and [...] Read more.
Frataxin (FXN) is a highly conserved mitochondrial protein whose deficiency causes Friedreich’s ataxia, a neurodegenerative disease. The precise physiological function of FXN is still unclear; however, there is experimental evidence that the protein is involved in biosynthetic iron–sulfur cluster machinery, redox imbalance, and iron homeostasis. FXN is synthesized in the cytosol and imported into the mitochondria, where it is proteolytically cleaved to the mature form. Its involvement in the redox imbalance suggests that FXN could interact with mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), a key enzyme in antioxidant cellular defense. In this work, we use site-directed spin labelling coupled to electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (SDSL-EPR) and fluorescence quenching experiments to investigate the interaction between human FXN and SOD2 in vitro. Spectroscopic data are combined with rigid body protein–protein docking to assess the potential structure of the FXN-SOD2 complex, which leaves the metal binding region of FXN accessible to the solvent. We provide evidence that human FXN interacts with human SOD2 in vitro and that the complex is in fast exchange. This interaction could be relevant during the assembly of iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters and/or their incorporation in proteins when FeS clusters are potentially susceptible to attacks by reactive oxygen species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fe-S Proteins in Health and Disease)
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16 pages, 2954 KiB  
Article
New Insights of the NEET Protein CISD2 Reveals Distinct Features Compared to Its Close Mitochondrial Homolog mitoNEET
by Myriam Salameh, Sylvie Riquier, Olivier Guittet, Meng-Er Huang, Laurence Vernis, Michel Lepoivre and Marie-Pierre Golinelli-Cohen
Biomedicines 2021, 9(4), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9040384 - 5 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2925
Abstract
Human CISD2 and mitoNEET are two NEET proteins anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria membranes respectively, with an Fe–S containing domain stretching out in the cytosol. Their cytosolic domains are close in sequence and structure. In the present study, combining cellular and [...] Read more.
Human CISD2 and mitoNEET are two NEET proteins anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria membranes respectively, with an Fe–S containing domain stretching out in the cytosol. Their cytosolic domains are close in sequence and structure. In the present study, combining cellular and biochemical approaches, we compared both proteins in order to possibly identify specific roles and mechanisms of action in the cell. We show that both proteins exhibit a high intrinsic stability and a sensitivity of their cluster to oxygen. In contrast, they differ in according to expression profiles in tissues and intracellular half-life. The stability of their Fe–S cluster and its ability to be transferred in vitro are affected differently by pH variations in a physiological and pathological range for cytosolic pH. Finally, we question a possible role for CISD2 in cellular Fe–S cluster trafficking. In conclusion, our work highlights unexpected major differences in the cellular and biochemical features between these two structurally close NEET proteins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fe-S Proteins in Health and Disease)
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Review

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15 pages, 1601 KiB  
Review
Protein Mutations and Stability, a Link with Disease: The Case Study of Frataxin
by Rita Puglisi
Biomedicines 2022, 10(2), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020425 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2431
Abstract
Protein mutations may lead to pathologies by causing protein misfunction or propensity to degradation. For this reason, several studies have been performed over the years to determine the capability of proteins to retain their native conformation under stress condition as well as factors [...] Read more.
Protein mutations may lead to pathologies by causing protein misfunction or propensity to degradation. For this reason, several studies have been performed over the years to determine the capability of proteins to retain their native conformation under stress condition as well as factors to explain protein stabilization and the mechanisms behind unfolding. In this review, we explore the paradigmatic example of frataxin, an iron binding protein involved in Fe–S cluster biogenesis, and whose impairment causes a neurodegenerative disease called Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA). We summarize what is known about most common point mutations identified so far in heterozygous FRDA patients, their effects on frataxin structure and function and the consequences of its binding with partners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fe-S Proteins in Health and Disease)
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23 pages, 1607 KiB  
Review
A Review of Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunction Syndromes, Syndromes Associated with Defective Fe-S Protein Maturation
by Elise Lebigot, Manuel Schiff and Marie-Pierre Golinelli-Cohen
Biomedicines 2021, 9(8), 989; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9080989 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2765
Abstract
Mitochondrial proteins carrying iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are involved in essential cellular pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, lipoic acid synthesis, and iron metabolism. NFU1, BOLA3, IBA57, ISCA2, and ISCA1 are involved in the last steps of the maturation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S]-containing proteins. Since 2011, [...] Read more.
Mitochondrial proteins carrying iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are involved in essential cellular pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, lipoic acid synthesis, and iron metabolism. NFU1, BOLA3, IBA57, ISCA2, and ISCA1 are involved in the last steps of the maturation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S]-containing proteins. Since 2011, mutations in their genes leading to five multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndromes (MMDS types 1 to 5) were reported. The aim of this systematic review is to describe all reported MMDS-patients. Their clinical, biological, and radiological data and associated genotype will be compared to each other. Despite certain specific clinical elements such as pulmonary hypertension or dilated cardiomyopathy in MMDS type 1 or 2, respectively, nearly all of the patients with MMDS presented with severe and early onset leukoencephalopathy. Diagnosis could be suggested by high lactate, pyruvate, and glycine levels in body fluids. Genetic analysis including large gene panels (Next Generation Sequencing) or whole exome sequencing is needed to confirm diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fe-S Proteins in Health and Disease)
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30 pages, 4600 KiB  
Review
Insights into the Roles of the Sideroflexins/SLC56 Family in Iron Homeostasis and Iron-Sulfur Biogenesis
by Nesrine Tifoun, José M. De las Heras, Arnaud Guillaume, Sylvina Bouleau, Bernard Mignotte and Nathalie Le Floch
Biomedicines 2021, 9(2), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9020103 - 21 Jan 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4359
Abstract
Sideroflexins (SLC56 family) are highly conserved multi-spanning transmembrane proteins inserted in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes. Few data are available on their molecular function, but since their first description, they were thought to be metabolite transporters probably required for iron utilization inside [...] Read more.
Sideroflexins (SLC56 family) are highly conserved multi-spanning transmembrane proteins inserted in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes. Few data are available on their molecular function, but since their first description, they were thought to be metabolite transporters probably required for iron utilization inside the mitochondrion. Such as numerous mitochondrial transporters, sideroflexins remain poorly characterized. The prototypic member SFXN1 has been recently identified as the previously unknown mitochondrial transporter of serine. Nevertheless, pending questions on the molecular function of sideroflexins remain unsolved, especially their link with iron metabolism. Here, we review the current knowledge on sideroflexins, their presumed mitochondrial functions and the sparse—but growing—evidence linking sideroflexins to iron homeostasis and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Since an imbalance in iron homeostasis can be detrimental at the cellular and organismal levels, we also investigate the relationship between sideroflexins, iron and physiological disorders. Investigating Sideroflexins’ functions constitutes an emerging research field of great interest and will certainly lead to the main discoveries of mitochondrial physio-pathology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fe-S Proteins in Health and Disease)
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