Sepsis: Pathophysiology and Early Diagnostics

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 1865

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
Interests: endothelium; microcirculation; glycocalyx; endothelial dysfunction; intravital microscopy; sepsis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sepsis, a life-threatening condition triggered by an overwhelming immune response to infection, remains the leading cause of death in hospitalized patients and continues to present a significant global health challenge. Recent advancements have shed light on novel pathophysiological pathways, emphasizing the importance of endotheliopathy and microvascular dysfunction. Furthermore, sepsis and non-infection-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome have similar clinical symptoms but differ in treatment and prognosis, and the high mortality rate makes early diagnosis especially important. However, there are currently no definitive biomarkers to accurately predict sepsis development or outcome.

The current focus remains on gaining insight into underlying disease mechanisms and providing new diagnostics for early detection of patients with sepsis. In light of these advancements, we are pleased to announce a Special Issue of Biomedicines, inviting authors to submit their original research, communications, and review articles. We encourage contributions on a wide range of topics, including, but not limited to:

  • Immune response dysregulation in sepsis: unraveling the mechanisms;
  • Novel pathophysiological pathways: bridging the gap between bench and bedside;
  • Sepsis biomarkers: advancements and clinical applications;
  • Antibiotic stewardship;
  • Endothelium, endothelial glycocalyx, and microcirculatory dysregulation in sepsis;
  • Distinct subtypes of sepsis: implications for personalized treatment;
  • Clinical trials in sepsis: paving the way for evidence-based interventions.

Dr. Alexandros Rovas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • infection
  • organ dysfunction
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • organ dysfunction
  • glycocalyx
  • cytokine storm
  • dysregulated immune response

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1649 KiB  
Article
Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-2 of Critically Ill Patients Is Related to Disease Severity and Survival
by Patricia Mester, Ulrich Räth, Luisa Popp, Stephan Schmid, Martina Müller, Christa Buechler and Vlad Pavel
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3285; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123285 - 12 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 735
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 regulates the bioactivity of the anabolic hormone’s insulin-like growth factors, which are decreased in sepsis and contribute to the catabolic status of severely ill patients. The circulating levels of IGFBP-2 in critical illness have been rarely studied; therefore, [...] Read more.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 regulates the bioactivity of the anabolic hormone’s insulin-like growth factors, which are decreased in sepsis and contribute to the catabolic status of severely ill patients. The circulating levels of IGFBP-2 in critical illness have been rarely studied; therefore, we evaluated IGFBP-2 plasma levels in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis as well as healthy controls. Our analysis of 157 SIRS/sepsis patients revealed higher plasma IGFBP-2 levels compared to 22 healthy controls. Plasma IGFBP-2 levels correlated positively with procalcitonin but not with C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, or the leukocyte count. Septic shock patients exhibited higher IGFBP-2 levels than those with SIRS. Bacterial or SARS-CoV-2 infection did not influence plasma IGFBP-2 levels. There was no difference in the IGFBP-2 levels between ventilated and non-ventilated SIRS/sepsis patients, and vasopressor therapy did not alter these levels. Dialysis patients had elevated plasma IGFBP-2 levels. Survivors had lower plasma IGFBP-2 levels than non-survivors. In conclusion, our study indicates that plasma IGFBP-2 levels are associated with disease severity, renal failure, and mortality in SIRS/sepsis patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sepsis: Pathophysiology and Early Diagnostics)
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15 pages, 710 KiB  
Review
The Role of Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Sepsis and Acute Kidney Injury
by Gillene Santos Ferreira, Melissa Lopes Frota, Maria José Dias Gonzaga, Maria de Fátima Fernandes Vattimo and Camila Lima
Biomedicines 2024, 12(5), 931; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050931 - 23 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Sepsis and acute kidney injury (AKI) are two major public health concerns that contribute significantly to illness and death worldwide. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for achieving the best possible outcomes. To date, there are no specific clinical, imaging, or biochemical [...] Read more.
Sepsis and acute kidney injury (AKI) are two major public health concerns that contribute significantly to illness and death worldwide. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for achieving the best possible outcomes. To date, there are no specific clinical, imaging, or biochemical indicators available to diagnose sepsis, and diagnosis of AKI based on the KDIGO criterion has limitations. To improve the diagnostic process for sepsis and AKI, it is essential to continually evolve our understanding of these conditions. Delays in diagnosis and appropriate treatment can have serious consequences. Sepsis and AKI often occur together, and patients with kidney dysfunction are more prone to developing sepsis. Therefore, identifying potential biomarkers for both conditions is crucial. In this review, we talk about the main biomarkers that evolve the diagnostic of sepsis and AKI, namely neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), proenkephalin (PENK), and cell-free DNA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sepsis: Pathophysiology and Early Diagnostics)
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