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13 pages, 1361 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Small Dense LDL Level and LDL/HDL Distribution in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients

by Alyann Otrante, Abdelghani Bounafaa, Hicham Berrougui, Abdel-Khalid Essamadi, Michel Nguyen, Tamàs Fülöp and Abdelouahed Khalil

Biomedicines 2023, 11(4), 1198; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041198 - 18 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1860

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the size and distribution of LDL and HDL particles in North African acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and to compare the level of small dense LDL (sdLDL) to other markers used in cardiovascular risk prediction. Methods: A total [...] Read more.

This study aimed to determine the size and distribution of LDL and HDL particles in North African acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and to compare the level of small dense LDL (sdLDL) to other markers used in cardiovascular risk prediction. Methods: A total of 205 ACS patients and 100 healthy control subjects were enrolled. LDL particle size and LDL and HDL subclass distributions were measured using Quantimetric Lipoprint^® linear polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lipid ratios (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol) were determined to calculate the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), the atherogenic coefficient (AC), Castelli’s Risk-I (CR-I), and Castelli’s Risk-II (CR-II). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the predictive value of sdLDL as a marker for cardiovascular disease. Results: The ACS patients, compared to the healthy control subjects, displayed an alteration of LDL particle distribution, with a significant increase in sdLDL serum concentrations (0.303 ± 0.478 mmol/L vs. 0.0225 ± 0.043 mmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001). The sdLDL levels had a high discrimination accuracy [AUC = 0.847 ± 0.0353 (95% CI 0.778 to 0.916, p < 0.0001)]. The best predictive cutoff value of ACS determined with the maximum Youden index (J) [(sensitivity + specificity) − 1 = 0.60] was 0.038 mmol/L. A Spearman correlation analysis showed that sdLDL levels were moderately but significantly and positively correlated with AC and CR-I (r = 0.37, p < 0.001) and weakly but significantly correlated with PAI and CR-II; r = 0.32 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.30 (p < 0.008), respectively. The subclass distribution of HDL particles from ACS patients was also altered, with a decrease in large HDL particles and an increase in small HDL particles compared to HDL from healthy control subjects. Conclusion: Due to their high atherogenicity, sdLDL levels could be used as a valuable marker for the prediction cardiovascular events. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases)

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8 pages, 613 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predictive Value of Serum Uric Acid to HDL Cholesterol Ratio for Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in Non-Diabetic Koreans

by Byoungjin Park, Dong-Hyuk Jung and Yong-Jae Lee

Biomedicines 2022, 10(6), 1422; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061422 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 1920

Abstract

HDL cholesterol, besides its function in lipid metabolism, plays a role in suppressing blood oxidation reactions and protecting vascular endothelial cells. The uric acid/HDL cholesterol ratio (UHR) has recently attracted attention as a new biomarker for evaluating interactions between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory substances [...] Read more.

HDL cholesterol, besides its function in lipid metabolism, plays a role in suppressing blood oxidation reactions and protecting vascular endothelial cells. The uric acid/HDL cholesterol ratio (UHR) has recently attracted attention as a new biomarker for evaluating interactions between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory substances in the blood. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between UHR and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD). Data from 16,455 participants without diabetes from the Health Risk Assessment Study (HERAS) and Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) were assessed. Over 50 months after baseline enrolment, 321 (2.0%) participants developed IHD. The HRs of incident IHD were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.55–1.29), 1.42 (95% CI, 0.94–2.13), and 1.57 (95% CI, 1.01–2.45) in the second, third, and fourth UHR quartiles, respectively, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. In the subgroup analysis by sex-specific quartile, women tended to have higher HRs in the highest UHR quartile. We found that high UHR values were positively associated with incident IHD in Koreans without diabetes. An increased UHR may be a useful measure by which to assess cardiovascular risk in the preclinical stage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases)

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Review

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12 pages, 561 KiB

Open AccessReview

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia as a Predisposing Factor for Atherosclerosis

by Anastasia V. Poznyak, Larisa Litvinova, Paolo Poggio, Alexander N. Orekhov and Alexandra A. Melnichenko

Biomedicines 2022, 10(10), 2639; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102639 - 20 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1468

Abstract

Lipid metabolism alterations are an important component of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, it is now clear that the atherogenesis process involves more than one mechanism, and more than one condition can predispose this condition. Multiple risk factors contribute to the atherosclerosis initiation [...] Read more.

Lipid metabolism alterations are an important component of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, it is now clear that the atherogenesis process involves more than one mechanism, and more than one condition can predispose this condition. Multiple risk factors contribute to the atherosclerosis initiation and define its course. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism that often leads to atherosclerosis development. As is clear from the disease name, the hallmark is the increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in blood. This creates favourable conditions for atherogenesis. In this review, we briefly described the familial hypercholesterolaemia and summarized data on the relationship between familial hypercholesterolaemia and atherosclerosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases)

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