New Insights into Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 1732

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
Interests: oxidative stress and free radical biology; microbial infections; tumor immunology; cancer biology; pancreatic; tumor
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in defining the progression of different cancers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by tumor cells and tumor-infiltrated immune cells are essential in shaping the TME. Stromal components of the tumor can affect the TME and affect drug response in tumor cells. In multiple cancers, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been shown to increase intracellular ROS, which can lead oxidative stress (OS)-induced apoptosis and cell death. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between production of ROS and their elimination by protective antioxidants. OS can cause DNA mutations and/or genomic instability. This leads to the initiation and progression of cancer. However, when discussing the role of OS in cancers, ROS act as a double‐edged sword. Although low levels of ROS can induce a proliferative effect and induce signaling pathways, high levels of ROS can cause damage to cancer tissues and cell death. Antioxidants can spare and protect normal tissues. However, existing data indicate that antioxidants may also protect tumor cells from oxidative damage induced by some chemotherapeutic agents. In this issue, we discuss recent findings relating oxidative stress and ROS to the TME in cancer, and responses to chemo- and radiotherapy.  In addition, we discuss how different studies may identify new targets that will help the development of drugs for cancer therapy.

Dr. Maher Y. Abdalla
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • oxidative stress (OS)
  • cancers, antioxidants
  • tumor microenvironment (TME)

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

17 pages, 1984 KiB  
Review
Molecular Hydrogen Protects against Various Tissue Injuries from Side Effects of Anticancer Drugs by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
by Shin-ichi Hirano and Yoshiyasu Takefuji
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1591; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071591 - 17 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1357
Abstract
While drug therapy plays a crucial role in cancer treatment, many anticancer drugs, particularly cytotoxic and molecular-targeted drugs, cause severe side effects, which often limit the dosage of these drugs. Efforts have been made to alleviate these side effects by developing derivatives, analogues, [...] Read more.
While drug therapy plays a crucial role in cancer treatment, many anticancer drugs, particularly cytotoxic and molecular-targeted drugs, cause severe side effects, which often limit the dosage of these drugs. Efforts have been made to alleviate these side effects by developing derivatives, analogues, and liposome formulations of existing anticancer drugs and by combining anticancer drugs with substances that reduce side effects. However, these approaches have not been sufficiently effective in reducing side effects. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has shown promise in this regard. It directly reduces reactive oxygen species, which have very strong oxidative capacity, and indirectly exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects by regulating gene expression. Its clinical application in various diseases has been expanded worldwide. Although H2 has been reported to reduce the side effects of anticancer drugs in animal studies and clinical trials, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our comprehensive literature review revealed that H2 protects against tissue injuries induced by cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, bleomycin, and gefitinib. The underlying mechanisms involve reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation. H2 itself exhibits anticancer activity. Therefore, the combination of H2 and anticancer drugs has the potential to reduce the side effects of anticancer drugs and enhance their anticancer activities. This is an exciting prospect for future cancer treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology)
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