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Wearable Biofluid Monitoring Sensors and Devices

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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wearable flexible biofluidic sensors and devices with monitoring and diagnostic functions can obtain information about the wearer's sweat, tissue fluids, tears, saliva, and wound exudates and assess the body's health status, achieving personalized health care. They are particularly advantageous for the management of metabolic, ocular, oral, gastrointestinal and infectious diseases. Flexible sensors also enable the continuous monitoring of microfluidics (based on enzymatic redox reactions or programmed electrical stimulation), and in recent years, AI has been successfully integrated into flexible biofluidic sensors for intelligent point-of-care systems and leveraging the Internet of Things to aid medical decision making. However, material and engineering considerations in the areas of biofluid collection, analyte calibration, signal interference reduction, target identification, and sensor reusability are still important challenges to overcome in practical applications.

Prof. Dr. Xinyu Xue
Guest Editor

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Keywords

flexible electronics
biosensors
chemical sensors
electronic skin
self-powered sensing system
self-charging battery

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 764 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Hidden Complexity: Entropy Analysis in Pulse Oximetry of Female Athletes

by Ana M. Cabanas, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Nicolas Sáez, Davidson D. Catalán, Patricio O. Collao-Caiconte and Pilar Martín-Escudero

Biosensors 2024, 14(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14010052 - 19 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1220

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between physiological complexity, as measured by Approximate Entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn), and fitness levels in female athletes. Our focus is on their association with maximal oxygen consumption (

V O_{2, m a x}

). [...] Read more.

V O_{2, m a x}

). Our findings reveal a complex relationship between entropy metrics and fitness levels, indicating that higher fitness typically, though not invariably, correlates with greater entropy in physiological time series data; however, this is not consistent for all individuals. For Heart Rate (HR), entropy measures suggest stable patterns across fitness categories, while pulse oximetry (

S p O_{2}

) data shows greater variability. For instance, the medium fitness group displayed an ApEn(HR) =

0.57 \pm 0.13

with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 22.17 and ApEn(

S p O_{2}

) =

0.96 \pm 0.49

with a CV of 46.08%, compared to the excellent fitness group with ApEn(HR) =

0.60 \pm 0.09

with a CV of 15.19% and ApEn(

S p O_{2}

) =

0.85 \pm 0.42

with a CV of 49.46%, suggesting broader physiological responses among more fit individuals. The larger standard deviations and CVs for

S p O_{2}

entropy may indicate the body’s proficient oxygen utilization at higher levels of physical demand. Our findings advocate for combining entropy metrics with wearable sensor technology for improved biomedical analysis and personalized healthcare. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Biofluid Monitoring Sensors and Devices)

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Review

Jump to: Research

50 pages, 3619 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances in Respiratory Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review of Wearable and Remote Technologies

by Diana Vitazkova, Erik Foltan, Helena Kosnacova, Michal Micjan, Martin Donoval, Anton Kuzma, Martin Kopani and Erik Vavrinsky

Biosensors 2024, 14(2), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14020090 - 6 Feb 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3897

Abstract

This article explores the importance of wearable and remote technologies in healthcare. The focus highlights its potential in continuous monitoring, examines the specificity of the issue, and offers a view of proactive healthcare. Our research describes a wide range of device types and scientific methodologies, starting from traditional chest belts to their modern alternatives and cutting-edge bioamplifiers that distinguish breathing from chest impedance variations. We also investigated innovative technologies such as the monitoring of thorax micromovements based on the principles of seismocardiography, ballistocardiography, remote camera recordings, deployment of integrated optical fibers, or extraction of respiration from cardiovascular variables. Our review is extended to include acoustic methods and breath and blood gas analysis, providing a comprehensive overview of different approaches to respiratory monitoring. The topic of monitoring respiration with wearable and remote electronics is currently the center of attention of researchers, which is also reflected by the growing number of publications. In our manuscript, we offer an overview of the most interesting ones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Biofluid Monitoring Sensors and Devices)

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