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Early Onset Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Etiology, Mechanisms and Outcomes (2nd...
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Early Onset Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Etiology, Mechanisms and Outcomes (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 4884

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Nathan A. Berger

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Biochemistry, Oncology, Genetics & Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Interests: energy balance; obesity cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the second edition of the previous one, "Early Onset Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology and Etiology" (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cancers/special_issues/EOCRC).

Early Onset Colorectal Cancer (EO-CRC), occurring in individuals younger than 50 years of age, has been noted to be increasing in incidence in the U.S. and many countries worldwide. The emergence of EO-CRC is particularly notable, as the overall incidence of CRC is decreasing, presumably due to widespread screening which results in the early detection and treatment of premalignant lesions. The apparent shift in the occurrence of CRC to EO-CRC presents multiple challenges to our understanding and approach to CRC carcinogenesis. It is especially concerning because EO-CRC is reported to have a worse prognosis than CRC, and also because it is more likely to impact individuals in their prime productive years. The prognosis of EO-CRC may be associated with distinct anatomical distribution and/or molecular phenotypes. In addition, EO-CRC has been noted among unique populations where it may be related to genetics or exposure, and/or it may be associated with disparities in care. Epidemiologic and molecular studies suggest family history, obesity, maternal obesity, antibiotic use and specific dietary components are contributors.

As a result of the emerging importance of EO-CRC, the first Special Issue of Cancers has been completed. We are now pleased to invite you to submit an article for this second Special Issue of Cancers, which is focused on improving our understanding of epidemiologic, etiologic and mechanistic factors as well as outcomes that may contribute to the early detection, prevention, control and/or therapy of EO-CRC. In this second Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Nathan A. Berger
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Early Onset-Colorectal Cancer (EO-CRC)
  • EO-CRC—Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics
  • EO-CRC—Animal Models
  • EO-CRC—Epidemiology
  • EO-CRC—Anatomical Distribution
  • EO-CRC—Obesity
  • EO-CRC—Unique Populations
  • EO-CRC—Geographic Distribution
  • EO-CRC—Dietary Components

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2148 KiB  
Article
Geographical Variations in Early Onset Colorectal Cancer in the United States between 2001 and 2020
by Yazan Abboud, Madison Fraser, Imran Qureshi, Shivani Srivastava, Ibrahim Abboud, Benjamin Richter, Fouad Jaber, Saqr Alsakarneh, Ahmed Al-Khazraji and Kaveh Hajifathalian
Cancers 2024, 16(9), 1765; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16091765 - 1 May 2024
Viewed by 1556
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. As early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) becomes more prevalent in the US, research attention has shifted towards identifying at-risk populations. Previous studies have highlighted the rising rate of early-onset adenocarcinoma [...] Read more.
Background: Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. As early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) becomes more prevalent in the US, research attention has shifted towards identifying at-risk populations. Previous studies have highlighted the rising rate of early-onset adenocarcinoma (ADC) and neuroendocrine tumors (NET) in the US. However, data on geographical variations of EO-CRC are scarce. Hence, our study aims to analyze time trends in EO-CRC incidence rates across various US regions and to assess these trends by sex and histopathological subtypes (ADC and NET). Methods: We analyze data spanning from 2001 to 2020 from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database, covering nearly 98% of the US population. Using SEER*Stat software version (8.4.2, NCI), we calculated EO-CRC incidence rates among adults aged 20–54 years, adjusting for the age standard 2000 US population. The rates were categorized by sex and US geographical regions into west, midwest, northeast, and south. Time trends, reported as annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC), were generated via Joinpoint Regression software (v.5.0.2, NCI) utilizing the weighted Bayesian Information Criteria “BIC” method to generate the best-fit trends with a two-sided p-value cutoff at 0.05. The rates were also stratified by histopathology into ADC and NET. Results: Between 2001 and 2020, a total of 514,875 individuals were diagnosed with early-onset CRC in the US, with 54.78% being men. Incidence rates and trends varied across geographical regions. In the western region (comprising 106,685 patients, 54.85% men), incidence rates significantly increased in both women (AAPC = 1.37, p < 0.001) and men (AAPC = 1.34, p < 0.001). Similarly, in the midwestern region (with 110,380 patients, 55.46% men), there were significant increases in incidence rates among women (AAPC = 1.06, p < 0.001) and men (AAPC = 1.35, p < 0.001). The northeastern region (with 94,758 patients, 54.53% men) also witnessed significant increases in incidence rates for both women (AAPC = 0.71, p < 0.001) and men (AAPC = 0.84, p < 0.001). In contrast, the southern region (with 203,052 patients, 54.48% men) experienced slower increases in incidence rates among both women and men (AAPC = 0.25, p < 0.05 in women; AAPC = 0.66, p < 0.05 in men). When stratified by histopathology, incidence rates for adenocarcinomas (ADC) increased in all regions, most notably in the west (AAPC = 1.45, p < 0.05), and least in the south (AAPC = 0.46, p < 0.05). Conversely, for neuroendocrine tumors (NET), while incidence rates increased similarly across all regions, the pace was notably faster compared to ADC, particularly in the west (AAPC = 3.26, p < 0.05) and slower in the south (AAPC = 2.24, p < 0.05) Discussion: Our analysis of nationwide US data spanning two decades and encompassing over half a million early-onset CRC patients, representing nearly 98% of the US population, highlights significant temporal variation in incidence rates across various geographical regions. The most substantial increases in incidence rates were observed in the west, while the least pronounced changes were noted in the south, affecting both men and women. These trends persisted across the main CRC histopathological subtypes, with NET exhibiting a notably swifter pace of increase compared with ADC. These findings hold important implications for public health strategies and underscore the need for targeted interventions to address the rising burden of early-onset CRC across different regions in the US. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Onset Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Etiology, Mechanisms and Outcomes (2nd Edition))
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Review

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14 pages, 709 KiB  
Review
The Impact of the Gut Microbiome, Environment, and Diet in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Development
by Rui Dai, Bridget N. Kelly, Amarachi Ike, David Berger, Andrew Chan, David A. Drew, David Ljungman, David Mutiibwa, Rocco Ricciardi, Gerald Tumusiime and James C. Cusack
Cancers 2024, 16(3), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16030676 - 5 Feb 2024
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2966
Abstract
Traditionally considered a disease common in the older population, colorectal cancer is increasing in incidence among younger demographics. Evidence suggests that populational- and generational-level shifts in the composition of the human gut microbiome may be tied to the recent trends in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. [...] Read more.
Traditionally considered a disease common in the older population, colorectal cancer is increasing in incidence among younger demographics. Evidence suggests that populational- and generational-level shifts in the composition of the human gut microbiome may be tied to the recent trends in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. This review provides an overview of current research and putative mechanisms behind the rising incidence of colorectal cancer in the younger population, with insight into future interventions that may prevent or reverse the rate of early-onset colorectal carcinoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Onset Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Etiology, Mechanisms and Outcomes (2nd Edition))
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