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Cancers
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Cancer and Diabetes: What Connections Lie between Them?
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Cancer and Diabetes: What Connections Lie between Them?

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 5878

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marco Gallo

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Guest Editor
Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, AO SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo of Alessandria, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
Interests: thyroid tumor; parathyroid tumor; endocrinology; metabolism; diabetes; oncology
Prof. Dr. Nicola Silvestris

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Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: pancreatic cancer; gastrointestinal cancer; clinical trials; predictive biomarkers; translational research; precision medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Tindara Franchina

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Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G.Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: thoracic oncology; cancer immunotherapy; precision oncology; translational research
Prof. Dr. Laura Sciacca

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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology, University of Catania Medical School, 95122 Catania, Italy
Interests: insulin receptor; insulin receptor isoforms; hyperglycemia; intracellular signal transduction; diabetes, cancer, pregestational diabetes; gestational diabetes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancers and diabetes are widely spread diseases in Western countries, due in part to the aging of the population. Therefore, it is not uncommon for a patient to suffer from both conditions. The presence of diabetes in a patient suffering from cancer can adversely affect their prognosis. Similarly, several cancer treatments and supportive therapies can exert unfavorable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, uncovering secondary diabetes in predisposed subjects, worsening the glucose control of people with known diabetes, or further increasing their cardiovascular risk.

Many aspects concerning the relationship between these two diseases are still unknown, and there is still a lot of room in this area for basic research. Clinically, the collaboration and interaction between the various specialists involved in these cases play a crucial role in achieving appropriate levels of assistance. The importance of training expert physicians in the management of dysmetabolic and dysendocrine conditions in patients with oncological/haemato-oncological diseases is therefore emerging.

Cancers, a peer-reviewed, open access journal of oncology, is hosting a Special Issue entitled “Cancer and Diabetes: What Connections Lie between Them?”. The goal of this Special Issue is to evaluate the existing knowledge on the relationship between these two conditions.

To this end, this Special Issue will include topics relevant to diabetologists, oncologists, hematologists, epidemiologists, dietologists, palliativists and other clinicians, as well as to researchers and general practitioners.

Dr. Marco Gallo
Prof. Dr. Nicola Silvestris
Prof. Dr. Tindara Franchina
Prof. Dr. Laura Sciacca
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 35860 KiB  
Article
Incident Cancer Risk in Patients with Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Hungary (Part 1)
by Zsolt Abonyi-Tóth, György Rokszin, Ibolya Fábián, Zoltán Kiss, György Jermendy, Péter Kempler, Csaba Lengyel, István Wittmann, Gergő A. Molnár and Gábor Sütő
Cancers 2024, 16(9), 1745; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16091745 - 29 Apr 2024
Viewed by 272
Abstract
(1) Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk of cancer but how these two diseases associate is still debated. The goal of this study was the assessment of the overall incidence of cancer among patients with newly diagnosed [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk of cancer but how these two diseases associate is still debated. The goal of this study was the assessment of the overall incidence of cancer among patients with newly diagnosed T2DM in Hungary. (2) Methods: A nationwide, retrospective, longitudinal study was performed using a Hungarian database. After exclusion of cases of age < 18 years, with gestational diabetes, with polycystic ovary syndrome, and with type 1 and prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus, the incident T2DM (approx. 50,000 cases yearly) and for comparison, the diabetes-free Hungarian adult population (approx. 7,000,000 cases yearly) was included in the study. The primary endpoints were the overall and site-specific incidence and annual percentage change of the incidence of cancer in both populations. (3) Results: The overall incidence of cancer in patients amounted to 29.4/1000 and 6.6/1000 with or without T2DM, respectively, and the OR (95%CI) of cancer of the T2DM group was 4.32 (4.14–4.53), p < 0.0001. The risk of having cancer was age dependent. The incidence of cancer was declining in the non-diabetic but was unchanged in the T2DM population. The average lag time of diagnosing cancer after the detection of T2DM was 3.86 months. (4) Conclusions: Incident T2DM is associated with a significantly higher overall risk of incident cancer, with a reverse correlation of age. Newly registered T2DM patients were suggested to be screened for cancer within 6 months. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer and Diabetes: What Connections Lie between Them?)
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14 pages, 1321 KiB  
Article
Weight Management Effectiveness and Predictors of Dropout in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Retrospective Study
by Edda Cava, Daniele Spadaccini, Gianluca Aimaretti, Paolo Marzullo, Beatrice Cavigiolo, Deborah Farinelli, Alessandra Gennari, Chiara Saggia, Maria Grazia Carbonelli, Sergio Riso and Flavia Prodam
Cancers 2023, 15(17), 4401; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15174401 - 02 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1038
Abstract
Background: Reducing obesity and weight gain, which often occurs during breast cancer treatment, may represent an efficient secondary or tertiary prevention against cancer. Purpose: This retrospective observational cohort study aimed to assess the impact of a Mediterranean diet on weight and anthropometric changes [...] Read more.
Background: Reducing obesity and weight gain, which often occurs during breast cancer treatment, may represent an efficient secondary or tertiary prevention against cancer. Purpose: This retrospective observational cohort study aimed to assess the impact of a Mediterranean diet on weight and anthropometric changes in women completing active breast cancer treatment. Additionally, we sought to identify factors associated with study dropout within one year. Methods: A total of 182 female patients (20 normal weight, 59 overweight, 103 obese) received personalized Mediterranean diet interventions and underwent monthly outpatient visits. Results: Dropout rates were 42.3% at 6 months and 64.1% at 12 months. Among the obese subgroup, BMI (p < 0.001) and fat mass (p < 0.05) decreased after 6 months. At 12 months, the obese subgroup showed a borderline significant further reduction in BMI (p = 0.062). BMI or weight loss did not predict dropout at any time point. However, age (OR = 0.91) and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.07) were significant predictors of dropout at 12 months. Conclusion: Implementing a Mediterranean diet can lead to weight and anthropometric improvements in breast cancer survivors. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects of weight loss on these individuals, identify effective dietary approaches, and consider specific predictors of dropout. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer and Diabetes: What Connections Lie between Them?)
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Review

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30 pages, 4243 KiB  
Review
Ianus Bifrons: The Two Faces of Metformin
by Umberto Goglia, Iderina Hasballa, Claudia Teti, Mara Boschetti, Diego Ferone and Manuela Albertelli
Cancers 2024, 16(7), 1287; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071287 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 516
Abstract
The ancient Roman god Ianus was a mysterious divinity with two opposite faces, one looking at the past and the other looking to the future. Likewise, metformin is an “old” drug, with one side looking at the metabolic role and the other looking [...] Read more.
The ancient Roman god Ianus was a mysterious divinity with two opposite faces, one looking at the past and the other looking to the future. Likewise, metformin is an “old” drug, with one side looking at the metabolic role and the other looking at the anti-proliferative mechanism; therefore, it represents a typical and ideal bridge between diabetes and cancer. Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanidine hydrochloride) is a drug that has long been in use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but recently evidence is growing about its potential use in other metabolic conditions and in proliferative-associated diseases. The aim of this paper is to retrace, from a historical perspective, the knowledge of this molecule, shedding light on the subcellular mechanisms of action involved in metabolism as well as cellular and tissue growth. The intra-tumoral pharmacodynamic effects of metformin and its possible role in the management of different neoplasms are evaluated and debated. The etymology of the name Ianus is probably from the Latin term ianua, which means door. How many new doors will this old drug be able to open? Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer and Diabetes: What Connections Lie between Them?)
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19 pages, 1294 KiB  
Review
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Human Health: Effects on Metabolism, Diabetes and Cancer
by Valerio Renzelli, Marco Gallo, Lelio Morviducci, Giampiero Marino, Alberto Ragni, Enzo Tuveri, Antongiulio Faggiano, Rossella Mazzilli, Annalisa Natalicchio, Maria Chiara Zatelli, Monica Montagnani, Stefano Fogli, Dario Giuffrida, Antonella Argentiero, Romano Danesi, Stella D’Oronzo, Stefania Gori, Tindara Franchina, Antonio Russo, Matteo Monami, Laura Sciacca, Saverio Cinieri, Annamaria Colao, Angelo Avogaro, Graziano Di Cianni, Francesco Giorgino and Nicola Silvestrisadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2023, 15(17), 4237; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15174237 - 24 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1563
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of the role of endocrine disruptors (EDs) derived from commonly employed compounds for manufacturing and processing in altering hormonal signaling and function. Due to their prolonged half-life and persistence, EDs can usually be found not only in industrial products [...] Read more.
There is increasing evidence of the role of endocrine disruptors (EDs) derived from commonly employed compounds for manufacturing and processing in altering hormonal signaling and function. Due to their prolonged half-life and persistence, EDs can usually be found not only in industrial products but also in households and in the environment, creating the premises for long-lasting exposure. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are common EDs used in industrial products such as flame retardants, and recent studies are increasingly showing that they may interfere with both metabolic and oncogenic pathways. In this article, a multidisciplinary panel of experts of the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE) and the Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) provides a review on the potential role of PBDEs in human health and disease, exploring both molecular and clinical aspects and focusing on metabolic and oncogenic pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer and Diabetes: What Connections Lie between Them?)
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15 pages, 753 KiB  
Review
Diabetes Mellitus in Pancreatic Cancer: A Distinct Approach to Older Subjects with New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus
by Jan Bures, Darina Kohoutova, Jan Skrha, Bohus Bunganic, Ondrej Ngo, Stepan Suchanek, Pavel Skrha and Miroslav Zavoral
Cancers 2023, 15(14), 3669; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15143669 - 19 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1922
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a very poor prognosis, with near-identical incidence and mortality. According to the World Health Organization Globocan Database, the estimated number of new cases worldwide will rise by 70% between 2020 and 2040. There are no [...] Read more.
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a very poor prognosis, with near-identical incidence and mortality. According to the World Health Organization Globocan Database, the estimated number of new cases worldwide will rise by 70% between 2020 and 2040. There are no effective screening methods available so far, even for high-risk individuals. The prognosis of PDAC, even at its early stages, is still mostly unsatisfactory. Impaired glucose metabolism is present in about 3/4 of PDAC cases. Methods: Available literature on pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus was reviewed using a PubMed database. Data from a national oncology registry (on PDAC) and information from a registry of healthcare providers (on diabetes mellitus and a number of abdominal ultrasound investigations) were obtained. Results: New-onset diabetes mellitus in subjects older than 60 years should be an incentive for a prompt and detailed investigation to exclude PDAC. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus associated with chronic non-malignant diseases of the exocrine pancreas, and PDAC-associated type 3c diabetes mellitus are the most frequent types. Proper differentiation of particular types of new-onset diabetes mellitus is a starting point for a population-based program. An algorithm for subsequent steps of the workup was proposed. Conclusions: The structured, well-differentiated, and elaborately designed approach to the elderly with a new onset of diabetes mellitus could improve the current situation in diagnostics and subsequent poor outcomes of therapy of PDAC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer and Diabetes: What Connections Lie between Them?)
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