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C
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Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials and Hybrids
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Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials and Hybrids

A special issue of C (ISSN 2311-5629). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbon Materials and Carbon Allotropes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2023) | Viewed by 11907

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Aleksey A. Vedyagin

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Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Functional Materials, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentiev Ave. 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Interests: carbon materials; oxides and oxide supports; heterogeneous catalysts; bimetallic systems; alloys; membranes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, there has been a steady increase in demand for carbon nanostructured materials. The development of new methods for the synthesis of such materials made it possible to significantly expand the variability of their properties, as well as fields of their potential application. Depending on the preparation conditions, carbon nanomaterials differ in chemical and phase composition, structure, and morphology. A special role in establishing the unique properties of materials was played by the progress in methods for their characterization.

Therefore, the present Special Issue aims to collect the papers related to synthesis, characterization, and application of advanced carbon materials and hybrids. The full articles and reviews authored by the participants of the 8th Asian Symposium on Advanced Materials (http://conf.nsc.ru/asam8/en) are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Aleksey A. Vedyagin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. C is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanostructured carbon materials
  • carbon nanofibers
  • carbon nanotubes
  • carbon dots and related materials
  • carbon hybrids
  • carbon materials for energy application
  • carbon-based catalysts and adsorbents

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 11747 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Silicon Oxide-Carbon Composite with Tailored Electrochemical Properties for Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Sang Jin Kim, Seung-Jae Ha, Jea Uk Lee, Young-Pyo Jeon and Jin-Yong Hong
C 2023, 9(4), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/c9040114 - 1 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1716
Abstract
For high-efficiency and high-stability lithium ion batteries, a silicon oxide-based carbon composite has been developed as an anode material. To minimize structural defects (cracking and pulverization) due to volumetric contraction/expansion during charge/discharge, silicon oxide (SiOx) is adopted. A pitch—a carbon precursor—is [...] Read more.
For high-efficiency and high-stability lithium ion batteries, a silicon oxide-based carbon composite has been developed as an anode material. To minimize structural defects (cracking and pulverization) due to volumetric contraction/expansion during charge/discharge, silicon oxide (SiOx) is adopted. A pitch—a carbon precursor—is introduced to the surface of SiOx using the mechanofusion method. The introduced pitch precursor can be readily transformed into a carbon layer through stabilization and carbonization processes, resulting in SiOx@C. This carbon layer plays a crucial role in buffering the volume expansion of SiOx during lithiation/delithiation processes, enhancing electrical conductivity, and preventing direct contact with the electrolyte. In order to improve the capacity and cycle stability of SiOx, the electrochemical performances of SiOx@C composites are comparatively analyzed according to the mixing ratio of SiOx and pitch, as well as the loading amount in the anode material. Compared to pristine SiOx, the SiOx@C composite prepared through the optimization of the experimental conditions exhibits approximately 1.6 and 1.8 times higher discharge capacity and initial coulombic efficiency, respectively. In addition, it shows excellent capacity retention and cycle stability, even after more than 300 charge and discharge tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials and Hybrids)
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12 pages, 9356 KiB  
Article
Nanomechanical Behavior of Pentagraphyne-Based Single-Layer and Nanotubes through Reactive Classical Molecular Dynamics
by José Moreira de Sousa, Wjefferson Henrique da Silva Brandão, Weverson Lucas Aguiar Paula Silva, Luiz Antônio Ribeiro Júnior, Douglas Soares Galvão and Marcelo Lopes Pereira Júnior
C 2023, 9(4), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/c9040110 - 15 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1622
Abstract
A novel 2D carbon allotrope, pentagraphyne (PG-yne), was introduced in a recent theoretical study. This unique structure is derived from pentagraphene by incorporating acetylenic linkages between sp3 and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. Given its intriguing electronic and structural properties, it is [...] Read more.
A novel 2D carbon allotrope, pentagraphyne (PG-yne), was introduced in a recent theoretical study. This unique structure is derived from pentagraphene by incorporating acetylenic linkages between sp3 and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. Given its intriguing electronic and structural properties, it is imperative to investigate the mechanical characteristics and thermal responses of PG-yne in both monolayer and nanotube configurations, which encompass different chiralities and diameters. We conducted fully atomistic reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations employing the ReaxFF potential to address these aspects. Our findings reveal that Young’s modulus of PG-yne monolayers stands at approximately 51 GPa at room temperature. In contrast, for the studied nanotubes, regardless of their chirality, it hovers around 45 GPa. Furthermore, our observations indicate that PG-yne-based systems feature an extensive and relatively flat plastic region before reaching the point of total fracture, irrespective of their topology. Regarding their thermal properties, we identified a melting point at approximately 3600 K, accompanied by a phase transition around 1100 K. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials and Hybrids)
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15 pages, 6137 KiB  
Article
Photocatalytic Materials Based on g-C3N4 Obtained by the One-Pot Calcination Method
by Radik R. Shamilov, Zufar M. Muzipov, Dmitriy O. Sagdeev, Kirill V. Kholin, Alina F. Saifina, Aidar T. Gubaidullin and Yuriy G. Galyametdinov
C 2023, 9(3), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/c9030085 - 2 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1576
Abstract
Photocatalysts based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) attracted considerable attention due to their efficiency in hydrogen production and decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions. In this work, a new approach to synthesis of g-C3N4-based [...] Read more.
Photocatalysts based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) attracted considerable attention due to their efficiency in hydrogen production and decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions. In this work, a new approach to synthesis of g-C3N4-based heterostructures with improved photocatalytic properties was proposed. The properties of two different CdZnS/g-C3N4 and ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4 heterostructures synthesized and studied in the same conditions were compared. Pure g-C3N4 photocatalysts as well as CdZnS/g-C3N4 and ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4 heterostructures were synthesized using a one-pot method by calcining the mixture of the initial components. Photocatalytic properties of the synthesized substances were evaluated in a model reaction of rhodamine B decomposition induced by visible light. It was shown that ultrasonic treatment in the presence of a nonionic surfactant enhances the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 structures as a result of a higher photocatalyst dispersity. The electronic structures of the CdZnS/g-C3N4 and ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4 heterostructures were analyzed in detail. The photocatalytic activity of heterostructures was found to be 2–3-fold higher as compared with an unmodified g-C3N4 due to formation of a type II heterojunction and Z-scheme structures. Decomposition of rhodamine B occurred mostly via formation of active oxygen radicals by irradiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials and Hybrids)
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19 pages, 7417 KiB  
Article
Carbonized Melamine Cyanurate as a Palladium Catalyst Support for the Dehydrogenation of N-heterocyclic Compounds in LOHC Technology
by Anton P. Koskin, Yurii V. Larichev, Sergey A. Stepanenko, Yury V. Dubinin, Artem B. Ayupov, Andrey A. Saraev, Evgeny A. Suprun and Petr M. Yeletsky
C 2023, 9(3), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/c9030083 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1459
Abstract
In this work, the use of graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with improved texture characteristics for the synthesis of supported palladium catalysts of dehydrogenation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles was studied. This process is key to the creation of liquid organic carrier [...] Read more.
In this work, the use of graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with improved texture characteristics for the synthesis of supported palladium catalysts of dehydrogenation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles was studied. This process is key to the creation of liquid organic carrier technology (LOHC) using N-heterocycles as reversibly hydrogenated/dehydrogenated substrates. For the preparation of graphite-like carbon nitride supports with advanced textural characteristics, well-established technology of the melamine cyanurate complex carbonization and standard techniques of adsorption precipitation together with wet impregnation were used for the synthesis of Pd-containing systems. The activity of the synthesized catalysts was studied in decahydroquinoline dehydrogenation. The high weight content of extractable hydrogen (7.2 wt%) and the high extraction rate, respectively, make it possible to consider these substances as the most promising N-heterocyclic compounds for this technology. It was shown that an increase in the specific surface area of g-C3N4 allows for achieving a slightly lower but comparable fineness of palladium particles for the 1 wt% Pd/MCA-500 sample, compared to the standard 1 wt% Pd/C. In this case, the catalytic activity of 1 wt% Pd/MCA-500 in the dehydrogenation of both substrates exceeded the analogous parameter for catalysts supported by nitrogen-free supports. This regularity is presumably associated with the electron-donor effect of surface nitrogen, which favorably affects the dehydrogenation rate as well as the stability of catalytic systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials and Hybrids)
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17 pages, 11571 KiB  
Article
Effect of Cu on Performance of Self-Dispersing Ni-Catalyst in Production of Carbon Nanofibers from Ethylene
by Sofya D. Afonnikova, Yury I. Bauman, Vladimir O. Stoyanovskii, Mikhail N. Volochaev, Ilya V. Mishakov and Aleksey A. Vedyagin
C 2023, 9(3), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/c9030077 - 14 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1557
Abstract
The development of effective catalysts for the pyrolysis of light hydrocarbons with the production of carbon nanomaterials represents a relevant direction. In the present work, the influence of copper addition on performance of a self-dispersed Ni-catalyst and structural features of the obtained carbon [...] Read more.
The development of effective catalysts for the pyrolysis of light hydrocarbons with the production of carbon nanomaterials represents a relevant direction. In the present work, the influence of copper addition on performance of a self-dispersed Ni-catalyst and structural features of the obtained carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was studied. The precursors of Ni and Ni-Cu catalysts were prepared by activation of metal powders in a planetary mill. During contact with the C2H4/H2 reaction mixture, a rapid disintegration of the catalysts with the formation of active particles catalyzing the growth of CNFs has occurred. The kinetics of CNF accumulation during ethylene decomposition on Ni- and Ni-Cu catalysts was studied. The effect of temperature on catalytic performance was explored and it was shown that introduction of copper promotes 1.5–2-fold increase in CNFs yield in the range of 525–600 °C; the maximum CNFs yield (100 g/gcat and above, for 30-min reaction) is reached on Ni-Cu-catalyst at 575–600 °C. A comparative analysis of the morphology and structure of CNF was carried out using electron microscopy methods. The growth mechanism of carbon filaments in the shape of “railway crossties” on large nickel crystals (d > 250 nm) was proposed. It was found that the addition of copper leads to a decrease in the bulk density of the carbon product from 40–60 to 25–30 g/L (at T = 550–600 °C). According to the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption data, specific surface area (SSA) of CNF samples (at T < 600 °C) lies in the range of 110–140 m2/g, regardless of the catalyst composition; at T = 600 °C the introduction of copper contributed to an increase in the specific surface of CNF by 100 m2/g. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials and Hybrids)
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Review

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40 pages, 10572 KiB  
Review
A Review of Advances in Graphene Quantum Dots: From Preparation and Modification Methods to Application
by Yibo Cui, Luoyi Liu, Mengna Shi, Yuhao Wang, Xiaokai Meng, Yanjun Chen, Que Huang and Changcheng Liu
C 2024, 10(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/c10010007 - 8 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2917
Abstract
Graphene quantum dot (GQD) is a new type of carbon nanometer material. In addition to the excellent properties of graphene, it is superior due to the quantum limit effect and edge effect. Because of its advantages such as water solution, strong fluorescent, small [...] Read more.
Graphene quantum dot (GQD) is a new type of carbon nanometer material. In addition to the excellent properties of graphene, it is superior due to the quantum limit effect and edge effect. Because of its advantages such as water solution, strong fluorescent, small size, and low biological toxicity, it has important application potential in various fields, especially in sensors and biomedical areas, which are mainly used as optical electrical sensors as well as in biological imaging and tumor therapy. In addition, GQDs have very important characteristics, such as optical and electrical properties. There are many preparation methods, divided into top-down and bottom-up methods, which have different advantages and disadvantages, respectively. In addition, the modification methods include heterogeneous doping, surface heterogeneity, etc. There are still many challenges in developing GQDs. For example, the synthesis steps are still hard to conduct, but as the inquiry continues to deepen, GQDs will be revolutionary materials in the future. In this work, the literature concerning research progress on GQDs has been reviewed and summarized, while the key challenges of their application have been pointed out, which may bring new insights to the application of GQDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials and Hybrids)
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