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Chemosensors
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Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensors
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Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensors

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2020) | Viewed by 27072

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sheshanath Bhosale

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
RMIT University and Goa University
Interests: dyes and pigments; porphyrins; nanomaterials; supramolecular chemistry; sensors; artificial photosynthesis; solar cells
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of well-organized structures through non-covalent bonding, with possible applications in sensing, is of both scientific and technological interest. The applications of self-assembled sensor molecules with the capability of fluorescence, in combination with other analytical techniques for mapping total metal content, offer researchers the opportunity to address fundamental questions about the sensing of ions, explosives, and biological molecules, for example, glucose or RNA detection. Supramolecular chemical sensors permit the sensing of individual molecules, multicellular organisms, and cells encapsulated in 3D matrices. The rapid progress in sensor science in recent years has resulted in the development of self-assembled fluorescence probes with enhanced analytical capabilities. Because of the vast evolution in this research field, we decided that it is timely to compose a Special Issue of Chemosensors focusing on the important role sensors play in “Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensors”. You are invited to submit manuscripts illustrating the suitability of newly-developed sensors for fluorescent analysis applications, as well as manuscripts describing novel applications of established sensors in solving real-life analytical problems.

Prof. Dr. Sheshanath V. Bhosale
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Chromogenic Fluorogenic Chemosensors
  • Cation sensor
  • Anion sensors
  • Photoinduced electron transfer
  • Anion binding cites
  • Fluorescence sensors based on aromatic, heterocyclic compounds
  • Polymeric material used in sensing of ions
  • chemodoisomers

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 11506 KiB  
Article
Diversely Responsive Turn-On Fluorescent Cyclodextrin Chemosensors: Guest Selectivities and Mechanism Insights
by Hiroshi Ikeda
Chemosensors 2020, 8(3), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors8030048 - 01 Jul 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2139
Abstract
Chemosensors have attracted considerable attention among the numerous strategies for detecting organic molecules in water. A turn-off mechanism was previously employed for the construction of a cyclodextrin (CD) chemosensor. This mechanism is greatly effective but has several shortcomings. In order to overcome these [...] Read more.
Chemosensors have attracted considerable attention among the numerous strategies for detecting organic molecules in water. A turn-off mechanism was previously employed for the construction of a cyclodextrin (CD) chemosensor. This mechanism is greatly effective but has several shortcomings. In order to overcome these shortcomings, new fluorescent chemosensors NC0αCD, NC0βCD, and NC0γCD, which were (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amine-modified α-CD, β-CD, and γ-CD, respectively, were prepared. Their guest selectivities were different from those of previously reported CD chemosensors. Here, the mechanism of new CD chemosensors was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations. The fluorescence intensity of NC0βCD and NC0γCD slightly decreased and largely increased, respectively, upon the addition of ursodeoxycholic acid as a guest. This is due to the fact that the fluorophore of NC0βCD moved away to the hydrophilic bulk water to form hydrogen bonds between the host and the guest, while the fluorophore of NC0γCD remained located at the primary hydroxy side of the γ-CD unit to form a stable inclusion complex with hydrogen bonds between the fluorophore and the guest. NC0αCD also acted as a turn-on chemosensor for small guests, which could not be detected by the previous CD chemosensors. The motion restriction of the fluorophore through the generation of inclusion complexes could also contribute to increase in fluorescence intensity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensors)
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17 pages, 3857 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of a 5-Carboxy Indole-Based Spiropyran Fluorophore: Thermal, Electrochemical, Photophysical and Bovine Serum Albumin Interaction Investigations
by Rodrigo da Costa Duarte, Fabiano da Silveira Santos, Bruno Bercini de Araújo, Rodrigo Cercena, Daniela Brondani, Eduardo Zapp, Paulo Fernando Bruno Gonçalves, Fabiano Severo Rodembusch and Alexandre Gonçalves Dal-Bó
Chemosensors 2020, 8(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors8020031 - 03 May 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3681
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a spiropyran containing an electron-withdrawing carboxyl group in good yield by condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with enamine indole. The spiropyran absorbed at the ultraviolet region with a maximum at approximately 300 nm, demonstrating slight solvatochromism (~3 nm). [...] Read more.
In this study, we synthesized a spiropyran containing an electron-withdrawing carboxyl group in good yield by condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with enamine indole. The spiropyran absorbed at the ultraviolet region with a maximum at approximately 300 nm, demonstrating slight solvatochromism (~3 nm). A fluorescent emission around 360 nm was observed with a higher solvatochromic effect (~12 nm), indicating higher electronic delocalization in the excited state. The photoreversibility of the open and closed forms of spiropyran excited at 300 nm and 365 nm was not observed, indicating that the absence of the nitro group plays a fundamental role in this equilibrium. Theoretical calculations were also applied for better understanding the photophysics of these compounds. Electrochemical characterization revealed the values of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels at −1.89 eV (electron affinity) and −5.61 eV (ionization potential), respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed excellent thermal stability of the spiropyran, with 5% weight loss at approximately 250 °C. Finally, the photophysical features were used to explore the interaction of spiropyran with bovine serum albumin in a phosphate buffer solution, where a significant suppression mechanism was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensors)
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15 pages, 1420 KiB  
Article
Potentiometric Signal Transduction for Selective Determination of 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine “Legal Ecstasy” Through Biomimetic Interaction Mechanism
by Eman H. El-Naby
Chemosensors 2019, 7(3), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors7030046 - 16 Sep 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2695
Abstract
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) is a wide spread new psychoactive substance produces stimulant and hallucinogenic effects similar to those sought from ecstasy. Hence, in the recent years, mCPP has been introduced by the organized crime through the darknet as a part of the illicit ecstasy [...] Read more.
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) is a wide spread new psychoactive substance produces stimulant and hallucinogenic effects similar to those sought from ecstasy. Hence, in the recent years, mCPP has been introduced by the organized crime through the darknet as a part of the illicit ecstasy market with a variable complex profile of pharmacologically active substances that pose problematic risk patterns among people who take these seized products. Accordingly, the design of selective sensors for the determination of mCPP is a very important demand. In this respect, a supramolecular architecture; [Na(15-crown-5)][BPh4] from the assembly of 15-crown-5 and sodium tetraphenylboron has been utilized as an ionophore, for the first time in the selective recognition of mCPP in conjunction with potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate and dioctylphthalate through polymeric membrane ion sensors. The ionophore exhibited a strong binding affinity that resulted in a high sensitivity with a slope closed to the ideal Nernstian value; 58.9 ± 0.43 mV/decade, a larger dynamic range from 10−6 to 10−2 M, a lower limit of detection down to 5.0 × 10−7 M and a fast response time of 5 s. Very important also is it was afforded excellent selectivity towards mCPP over psychoactive substances of major concern, providing a potentially useful system for the determination of mCPP in the illicit market. On comparison with the natural β-cyclodextrin as an ionophore, it exhibited more sensitivity and selectivity estimated to be the superior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensors)
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13 pages, 3967 KiB  
Article
A Naphthalimide-Benzothiazole Conjugate as Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensor for Selective Trinitrophenol Detection
by Pramod D. Jawale Patil, Rajita D. Ingle, Sopan M. Wagalgave, Rajesh S. Bhosale, Sidhanath V. Bhosale, Rajendra P. Pawar and Sheshanath V. Bhosale
Chemosensors 2019, 7(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors7030038 - 14 Aug 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4570
Abstract
Although chemical structural modification of naphthalimides is widely employed for the purpose of sensing explosives, the effects of such modification have been little explored. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a new naphthalimide-benzothiazole conjugate (1) and its ability to [...] Read more.
Although chemical structural modification of naphthalimides is widely employed for the purpose of sensing explosives, the effects of such modification have been little explored. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a new naphthalimide-benzothiazole conjugate (1) and its ability to sense various nitrophenols by means of its colorimetric and fluorescent characteristics. Under long-range UV light (365 nm), 1 displayed a color change of its solution from bluish to colorless only upon addition of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed quantitative fluorescence quenching by TNP of the emission peaks of 1 at 398 nm and 418 nm due to donor–acceptor electron transfer. The interaction of 1 with TNP was via a cooperative, non-covalent hydrogen-bonding interaction. Receptor 1 exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity towards TNP over various aromatic nitro analytes. The binding constant (K) and Stern–Volmer constant (Ksv) between 1 and TNP were found to be 5.332 × 10−5 M and 2.271 × 106 M−1, respectively. Furthermore, the limit of detection was calculated and found to be as low as 1.613 × 10−10 M. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensors)
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12 pages, 4555 KiB  
Article
Detection Papers with Chromogenic Chemosensors for Direct Visual Detection and Distinction of Liquid Chemical Warfare Agents
by Vladimír Pitschmann, Lukáš Matějovský, Kamila Lunerová, Michal Dymák, Martin Urban and Lukáš Králík
Chemosensors 2019, 7(3), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors7030030 - 12 Jul 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6346
Abstract
This work provides a summary of our results in the area of the experimental development of detection paper for the detection of liquid phase chemical warfare agents (drops, aerosol), the presence of which is demonstrated by the development of characteristic coloring visible to [...] Read more.
This work provides a summary of our results in the area of the experimental development of detection paper for the detection of liquid phase chemical warfare agents (drops, aerosol), the presence of which is demonstrated by the development of characteristic coloring visible to the naked eye. The basis of the detection paper is a cellulose carrier saturated with the dithienobenzotropone monomer (RM1a)–chromogenic chemosensor sensitive to nerve agents of the G type, blister agent lewisite, or choking agent diphosgene. We achieve a higher coloring brilliance and the limit certain interferences by using this chemosensor in the mix of the o-phenylendiamine-pyronine (PY-OPD). We prove that the addition of the Bromocresol Green pH indicator even enables detection of nerve agents of the V type, or, nitrogen mustards, while keeping a high stability of the detection paper and its functions for other chemical warfare agents. We resolve the resistance against the undesirable influence of water by providing a hydrophobic treatment of the carrier surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensors)
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23 pages, 3043 KiB  
Review
Noble Metal Nanoparticles-Based Colorimetric Biosensor for Visual Quantification: A Mini Review
by Lu Yu and Na Li
Chemosensors 2019, 7(4), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors7040053 - 31 Oct 2019
Cited by 73 | Viewed by 6675
Abstract
Nobel metal can be used to form a category of nanoparticles, termed noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs), which are inert (resistant to oxidation/corrosion) and have unique physical and optical properties. NMNPs, particularly gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs), are highly accurate and sensitive [...] Read more.
Nobel metal can be used to form a category of nanoparticles, termed noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs), which are inert (resistant to oxidation/corrosion) and have unique physical and optical properties. NMNPs, particularly gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs), are highly accurate and sensitive visual biosensors for the analytical detection of a wide range of inorganic and organic compounds. The interaction between noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) and inorganic/organic molecules produces colorimetric shifts that enable the accurate and sensitive detection of toxins, heavy metal ions, nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, antibodies, and other molecules. Hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and steric effects of inorganic/organic molecules with NMNPs surface can react or displacing capping agents, inducing crosslinking and non-crosslinking, broadening, or shifting local surface plasmon resonance absorption. NMNPs-based biosensors have been widely applied to a series of simple, rapid, and low-cost diagnostic products using colorimetric readout or simple visual assessment. In this mini review, we introduce the concepts and properties of NMNPs with chemical reduction synthesis, tunable optical property, and surface modification technique that benefit the development of NMNPs-based colorimetric biosensors, especially for the visual quantification. The “aggregation strategy” based detection principle of NMNPs colorimetric biosensors with the mechanism of crosslinking and non-crosslinking have been discussed, particularly, the critical coagulation concentration-based salt titration methodology have been exhibited by derived equations to explain non-crosslinking strategy be applied to NMNPs based visual quantification. Among the broad categories of NMNPs based biosensor detection analyses, we typically focused on four types of molecules (melamine, single/double strand DNA, mercury ions, and proteins) with discussion from the standpoint of the interaction between NMNPs surface with molecules, and DNA engineered NMNPs-based biosensor applications. Taken together, NMNPs-based colorimetric biosensors have the potential to serve as a simple yet reliable technique to enable visual quantification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensors)
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