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A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials for Chemical Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2022) | Viewed by 20231

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kien Wen Sun

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Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
Interests: nanolithography and nanoimprint; organic/inorganic heterojunction solar cells; nanoscale thermal transport; perovskites; chemosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Detection of important analytes for biological and environmental purposes has become the concept of interest in sensory research. In this light, many organic–inorganic hybrid systems have been investigated as promising candidates with exceptional analytical applications. Such hybrid systems manifest their sensor responses to specific analytes via optical fluctuations in luminescence, absorbance, electrochemical deviations, electrical property variation, mass change in surface, thermal and magnetic properties alteration, etc. Organic–inorganic hybrid system-based sensors may involve hybrid metal halide perovskites, metal–organic framework/organometallic complexes, organic or biomolecules functionalized metal nanoparticles/clusters/quantum dots, organic–inorganic composites, and hybrid semiconductor materials. Based on diverse mechanistic approaches, these materials may involve the discrimination of toxic gases, volatile organic compounds, metal ions, anions, pHs, biomolecules, and so forth.

The aim of this Special Issue is to deliver the recent advances on “Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Chemo- and Bio-Sensors” and to stimulate the development of such sensory probes towards specific analyte determination. The major scope of this issue will cover chemo- and bio-sensory applications of organic–inorganic hybrid architectures, such as hybrid metal halide perovskites, metal–organic framework/organometallic complexes, and sensory demonstrations of all hybrid systems with organic–inorganic combinations.

Dr. Kien Wen Sun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Organic–inorganic hybrid system
Hybrid metal halide perovskite sensors
Electrochemical detection
Electrical sensors
Optical sensors
Metal–organic framework
Hybrid nanostructures
Supramolecular sensors

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4933 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Excellent Cooperation between Carboxyl-Substituted Porphyrins, k-Carrageenan and AuNPs for Extended Application in CO₂ Capture and Manganese Ion Detection

by Camelia Epuran, Ion Fratilescu, Ana-Maria Macsim, Anca Lascu, Catalin Ianasi, Mihaela Birdeanu and Eugenia Fagadar-Cosma

Chemosensors 2022, 10(4), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10040133 - 1 Apr 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2610

Abstract

Significant tasks of the presented research are the development of multifunctional materials capable both to detect/capture carbon dioxide and to monitor toxic metal ions from waters, thus contributing to maintaining a sustainable and clean environment. The purpose of this work was to synthesize, characterize (NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, Fluorescence, AFM) and exploit the optical and emission properties of a carboxyl-substituted A₃B porphyrin, 5-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-methyl-phenyl)–porphyrin, and based on it, to develop novel composite material able to adsorb carbon dioxide. This porphyrin-k-carrageenan composite material can capture CO₂ in ambient conditions with a performance of 6.97 mmol/1 g adsorbent. Another aim of our research was to extend this porphyrin- k-carrageenan material’s functionality toward Mn²⁺ detection from polluted waters and from medical samples, relying on its synergistic partnership with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The plasmonic porphyrin-k-carrageenan-AuNPs material detected Mn²⁺ in the range of concentration of 4.56 × 10⁻⁵ M to 9.39 × 10⁻⁵ M (5–11 mg/L), which can be useful for monitoring health of humans exposed to polluted water sources or those who ingested high dietary manganese. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Chemo- and Bio-Sensors)

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14 pages, 9323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Mint Scents Using a QCM Based E-Nose

by Salih Okur, Mohammed Sarheed, Robert Huber, Zejun Zhang, Lars Heinke, Adnan Kanbar, Christof Wöll, Peter Nick and Uli Lemmer

Chemosensors 2021, 9(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9020031 - 4 Feb 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4314

Abstract

Mints emit diverse scents that exert specific biological functions and are relevance for applications. The current work strives to develop electronic noses that can electronically discriminate the scents emitted by different species of Mint as alternative to conventional profiling by gas chromatography. Here, 12 different sensing materials including 4 different metal oxide nanoparticle dispersions (AZO, ZnO, SnO₂, ITO), one Metal Organic Frame as Cu(BPDC), and 7 different polymer films, including PVA, PEDOT:PSS, PFO, SB, SW, SG, and PB were used for functionalizing of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensors. The purpose was to discriminate six economically relevant Mint species (Mentha x piperita, Mentha spicata, Mentha spicata ssp. crispa, Mentha longifolia, Agastache rugosa, and Nepeta cataria). The adsorption and desorption datasets obtained from each modified QCM sensor were processed by three different classification models, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and k-Nearest Neighbor Analysis (k-NN). This allowed discriminating the different Mints with classification accuracies of 97.2% (PCA), 100% (LDA), and 99.9% (k-NN), respectively. Prediction accuracies with a repeating test measurement reached up to 90.6% for LDA, and 85.6% for k-NN. These data demonstrate that this electronic nose can discriminate different Mint scents in a reliable and efficient manner. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Chemo- and Bio-Sensors)

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19 pages, 4195 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparing Surface Plasmon-Optical and Electronic Immuno-Sensing of Affinity Interactions—A Case Study

by Wolfgang Knoll, Jing Liu, Fang Yu, Lifang Niu, Ciril Reiner-Rozman and Ingo Köper

Chemosensors 2021, 9(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9010011 - 5 Jan 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2272

Abstract

In this case study, we provide a few examples for affinity-sensors based on optical detection concepts and compare them with electronic read-out schemes. We concentrate and briefly summarize two of the most advanced versions in each category: one is a surface-plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopic approach, while in the electronic sensing domain we concentrate on graphene-based field-effect transistors as the read-out platform. Both transduction principles are surface-sensitive and-selective, however, with penetration lengths into the analyte solution (e.g., into a flow cell attached) that are very different and that depend on totally different physical principles: while for surface-plasmons the evanescent character of the plasmon mode, propagating along the noble metal-solution interface with a penetration length in the order of 100 nm (for Au/water and a laser wavelength of = 632.8 nm), the “penetration depth” in electronic transistor-based sensing is governed by the Debye length which, for a physiological salt environment, amounts to less than 1 nm. Taking these differences into account, one can optimize the sensor read-out by the appropriate interfacial architecture used to functionalize the transducers by immobilizing one of the affinity interaction partners. We will discuss this for both concepts by giving a few examples of the achievable limit of detection for both methods. The examples discussed include a classical system, i.e., the binding of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to its surface-immobilized antibodies or Fab fragments, the detection of lipopolysaccharides in a tethered bimolecular lipid membrane, and, as an example for small analyte detection by antibodies, the monitoring of aflatoxin B1, a member of the food toxin family of mycotoxins. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Chemo- and Bio-Sensors)

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Review

Jump to: Research

27 pages, 7744 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Advances in Silicon FET Devices for Gas and Volatile Organic Compound Sensing

by Anwesha Mukherjee and Yossi Rosenwaks

Chemosensors 2021, 9(9), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9090260 - 10 Sep 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4519

Abstract

Highly sensitive and selective gas and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor platforms with fast response and recovery kinetics are in high demand for environmental health monitoring, industry, and medical diagnostics. Among the various categories of gas sensors studied to date, field effect transistors (FETs) have proved to be an extremely efficient platform due to their miniaturized form factor, high sensitivity, and ultra-low power consumption. Despite the advent of various kinds of new materials, silicon (Si) still enjoys the advantages of excellent and reproducible electronic properties and compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technologies for integrated multiplexing and signal processing. This review gives an overview of the recent developments in Si FETs for gas and VOC sensing. We categorised the Si FETs into Si nanowire (NW) FETs; planar Si FETs, in which the Si channel is either a part of the silicon on insulator (SOI) or the bulk Si, as in conventional FETs; and electrostatically formed nanowire (EFN) FETs. The review begins with a brief introduction, followed by a description of the Si NW FET gas and VOC sensors. A brief description of the various fabrication strategies of Si NWs and the several functionalisation methods to improve the sensing performances of Si NWs are also provided. Although Si NW FETs have excellent sensing properties, they are far from practical realisation due to the extensive fabrication procedures involved, along with other issues that are critically assessed briefly. Then, we describe planar Si FET sensors, which are much closer to real-world implementation. Their simpler device architecture combined with excellent sensing properties enable them as an efficient platform for gas sensing. The third category, the EFN FET sensors, proved to be another potential platform for gas sensing due to their intriguing properties, which are elaborated in detail. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities for gas sensing are addressed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Chemo- and Bio-Sensors)

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40 pages, 6572 KiB

Open AccessReview

Progress in Metal-Organic Frameworks Facilitated Mercury Detection and Removal

by Muthaiah Shellaiah and Kien-Wen Sun

Chemosensors 2021, 9(5), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9050101 - 4 May 2021

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5559

Abstract

Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are noted as exceptional candidates towards the detection and removal of specific analytes. MOFs were reported in particular for the detection/removal of environmental contaminants, such as heavy metal ions, toxic anions, hazardous gases, explosives, etc. Among heavy metal ions, mercury has been noted as a global hazard because of its high toxicity in the elemental (Hg⁰), divalent cationic (Hg²⁺), and methyl mercury (CH₃Hg⁺) forms. To secure the environment and living organisms, many countries have imposed stringent regulations to monitor mercury at all costs. Regarding the detection/removal requirements of mercury, researchers have proposed and reported all kinds of MOFs-based luminescent/non-luminescent probes towards mercury. This review provides valuable information about the MOFs which have been engaged in detection and removal of elemental mercury and Hg²⁺ ions. Moreover, the involved mechanisms or adsorption isotherms related to sensors or removal studies are clarified for the readers. Finally, advantages and limitations of MOFs in mercury detection/removal are described together with future scopes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Chemo- and Bio-Sensors)

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