Management of Thyroid Diseases: Current Strategies and Future Directions

A special issue of Clinics and Practice (ISSN 2039-7283).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 2296

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Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University Hospital "G. Martino" of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: general surgery; breast and endocrine surgery; minimally invasive surgery; traumatology and innovative; thyroid cancer; breast cancer; autoimmunity; endocrine surgery surgical techniques development
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are thrilled to announce the upcoming release of a Special Issue focused on Thyroid Diseases: Current Strategies and Future Directions. This Special Issue aims to provide valuable insights and perspectives on various clinical aspects of thyroid diseases.

We invite researchers, clinicians, and experts in the field to contribute their original articles and reviews to enhance our understanding of the latest advancements in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of thyroid diseases. We particularly encourage submissions that shed light on novel strategies and offer future directions pertaining to thyroid diseases.

This Special Issue will serve as a platform for knowledge exchange, enabling us to explore current challenges, innovative approaches, and potential breakthroughs in the field of thyroid diseases. We hope that this initiative will foster collaborative research and facilitate the development of more effective strategies to improve patient outcomes.

We look forward to receiving your submissions and sharing your valuable insights with our readers.

Dr. Fausto Famà
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • thyroid gland
  • hyperthyroidism
  • hypothyroidism
  • Goiter
  • Graves' disease
  • thyroid nodules
  • thyroid cancer
  • thyroid hormones
  • thyroid function tests
  • thyroid medication

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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17 pages, 3804 KiB  
Case Report
Three-Leaf-Clover Thyroid and Minimally Invasive Trans-Cervical Synchronous Thyroidectomy and Ectopic Mediastinal Thyroid Tissue Removal: Does the Age of the Patient Count amid a Multifaceted Strategy?
by Claudiu Nistor, Mihai-Lucian Ciobica, Oana-Claudia Sima, Anca-Pati Cucu, Mihai Costachescu, Adrian Ciuche, Lucian-George Eftimie, Dana Terzea and Mara Carsote
Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(6), 2228-2244; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14060175 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 601
Abstract
Background: Ectopic organ-associated conditions belong to the larger panel of developmental ailments, and among this challenging medical and surgical chapter, ectopic endocrine glands-related picture is mostly focused on the presence of the ectopic parathyroid and thyroid. Ectopic thyroid tissue within mediastinum (ETTM) stands [...] Read more.
Background: Ectopic organ-associated conditions belong to the larger panel of developmental ailments, and among this challenging medical and surgical chapter, ectopic endocrine glands-related picture is mostly focused on the presence of the ectopic parathyroid and thyroid. Ectopic thyroid tissue within mediastinum (ETTM) stands for a less common ETT site; while, globally, less than 1% of the mediastinum masses are ETTM. Objective: We aim to introduce a rare case of ETTM in a senior lady to whom one-time synchronous thyroidectomy with ETT removal was successfully performed via a minimally invasive modern procedure upon cervicotomy and intra-operatory use of the Cooper thymectomy retractor. Results: The panel of pros and cons with respect to providing endocrine thoracic surgery for ETTM resection in a 73-year-old subject is discussed amid a PubMed search of original English-language original reports from January 2000 until 15 August 2024 in order to identify similar distinct cases (individuals of 70 years or older who underwent surgery for ETTM). Conclusions: 1. We propose the term “three-leaf-clover thyroid” to capture the imaging essence of having an enlargement of both (eutopic) thyroid lobes and ETTM. 2. The modern surgical approach under these circumstances provided a rapid patient recovery with a low rate of complications and a minimum hospital stay. Hence, the procedure may be expanded to older patients after a careful consideration of their co-morbidities and of the need to releasing connected complaints (e.g., a 7-month history of intermittent dyspneea was found in this case with post-operatory remission). 3. The management remains a matter of individualised decision, and age may not be a limiting factor. 4. At the present time, this case adds to the very limited number of similar published cases in the mentioned age group that we could identify (seven patients, aged between 72 and 84; male-to-female ratio of 5 to 2; the rate of malignant ETTM was 3/7); of these cases, not all were reported to have a trans-cervical approach, and none reported the use of the Cooper thymectomy retractor to help the overall surgical procedure. This innovative surgical procedure offers the advantage of avoiding a sternotomy incision which has clear functional and aesthetic implications, while the video-assisted approach allows optimal visualization of the mediastinal anatomy and safe vascular sealing under visual control, without the risk of a major hemorrhage. Full article
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9 pages, 2599 KiB  
Case Report
Hypercalcemic Crisis Due to a Giant Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Adenoma, with Postsurgical Severe Hypocalcemia and Hungry Bone Syndrome: A Case Report
by Vasileios Papanikos, Elli Papadodima, Dimitra Bantouna, Rodis D. Paparodis, Sarantis Livadas, Nicholaos Angelopoulos and Evangelos Karvounis
Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(1), 179-187; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14010015 - 22 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1180
Abstract
Background: Parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of hypercalcemia and rarely leads to a hypercalcemic crisis, which is an unusual endocrine emergency that requires timely surgical excision. Case presentation: A 67-year-old male was admitted to the ER of the Euroclinic Hospital, Athens, [...] Read more.
Background: Parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of hypercalcemia and rarely leads to a hypercalcemic crisis, which is an unusual endocrine emergency that requires timely surgical excision. Case presentation: A 67-year-old male was admitted to the ER of the Euroclinic Hospital, Athens, Greece, because of elevated calcium levels and a palpable right-sided neck mass, which were accompanied by symptoms of nausea, drowsiness, and weakness for six months that increased prior to our evaluation. A gradual creatinine elevation and decreasing mental state were observed as well. The initial laboratory investigation identified severely elevated serum calcium (3.6 mmol/L) levels consistent with a hypercalcemic crisis (HC) and parathyroid hormone PTH (47.6 pmol/L) due to primary hyperparathyroidism. Neck ultrasonography (USG) identified a large, well-shaped cystic mass in the right thyroid lobe. With a serum calcium concentration of 19.5 mg/dL and a PTH of 225.3 pmol/L, the patient underwent partial parathyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy, which decreased serum calcium and PTH to 2.5 mmol/L and 1.93 pmol/L, respectively. Histology revealed a giant intrathyroidal cystic parathyroid adenoma, which was responsible for the hypercalcemic crisis. Postoperatively, the patient developed severe biochemical and clinical hypocalcemia, with calcium concentrations as low as 1.65 mmol/L, consistent with hungry bone syndrome (HBS), which was treated with high doses of intravenous calcium gluconate and oral alfacalcidol, and a slow recovery of serum calcium. After discharge, parathyroid function recovered, and symptomatology resolved entirely in more than one month. Discussion/conclusions: We present a case involving an exceptionally large intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma that is characterized by clinical manifestations that mimic malignancy. The identification and treatment of such tumors is challenging and requires careful preoperative evaluation and postoperative care for the risk of hungry bone syndrome. Full article
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