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Forests
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Greenhouse Gas Dynamics and Balance in Forest-Peatland Ecosystem
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Greenhouse Gas Dynamics and Balance in Forest-Peatland Ecosystem

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Forest Ecology and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 January 2024) | Viewed by 5325

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Evgeniya A. Golovatskaya

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
Interests: forests NDS; soil moisture; soil analysis; biogeochemistry; carbon sequestration; soil nutrient cycling; soil respiration; greenhouse gases; hydrology; methane emissions; forest litter decomposition
Dr. Egor A. Dyukarev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
Interests: hydrology; climate change; meteorology; soil science; environmental science; greenhouse gases; biogeochemistry; environmental analysis; atmosphere; peatlands; wetlands; carbon dioxide; soil

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is one of the main natural processes. The actuality of a quantitative assessment of carbon exchange is determined by the terms of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol and post-Kyoto climate agreements. The increase in the atmospheric contents of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) is one of the most urgent environmental problems. Forest and peatland ecosystems play a huge role in regulating terrestrial carbon cycles and the Earth’s climate. Forests and mires differ globally in their resilience and stability to negative changes, which necessitates the measurement and assessment of greenhouse gas fluxes and carbon balance in these ecosystems, both in natural and disturbed conditions (fires, deforestation, insect outbreaks, etc.).

This Special Issue allows researchers to present previously unpublished data on the measurement of greenhouse gas fluxes, methodology and modeling of the assessment of carbon balance in forest and wetland ecosystems in relation to climate change.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Absorption and emission of greenhouse gases by forest and mires ecosystems in their natural and disturbed states and factors determining it;
  • Stocks and quantification of carbon storages in forest and peatland ecosystems, soil carbon, vegetation productivity, dissolved and particular organic carbon in waters;
  • Contribution of ground cover to the carbon cycle of peatlands and forest ecosystems;
  • Impact of fires on fluxes and balance of greenhouse gases;
  • Impact of deforestation on greenhouse gas fluxes and balance;
  • Effects of insects on greenhouse gas fluxes and balance;
  • The role of biological and microbiological processes in the carbon cycle of forest and mire ecosystems;
  • Greenhouse gases in soil and boundary layer of the atmosphere.

Prof. Dr. Evgeniya A. Golovatskaya
Dr. Egor A. Dyukarev
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbon balance
  • greenhouse gases
  • carbon stores
  • forests
  • peatlands
  • climate change
  • CO2 and CH4 emission
  • carbon deposition

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2929 KiB  
Article
Effects of an Invasive Bark Beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. Outbreak on Carbon Pool Dynamics in West Siberian Dark Coniferous Forests
by Ivan A. Kerchev, Elvina M. Bisirova, Nikita A. Smirnov, Igor G. Grachev, Artem N. Nikiforov and Daria A. Kalashnikova
Forests 2024, 15(3), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15030542 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 653
Abstract
Invasions of dendrophagous insects pose major threats to forest ecosystems and to the timber industry. The alien species bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. of Far Eastern origin has caused Siberian fir dieback in vast areas within several regions of Russia. Rapid spread of [...] Read more.
Invasions of dendrophagous insects pose major threats to forest ecosystems and to the timber industry. The alien species bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. of Far Eastern origin has caused Siberian fir dieback in vast areas within several regions of Russia. Rapid spread of the pest and its outbreaks raise the issue of preserving the most important functions, including carbon sequestration, by the damaged forests. In this study, monitoring of carbon pool dynamics was carried out during 2012–2023 on four sample plots showing various degrees of damage in the southern taiga zone of Western Siberia in the Larinsky Landscape Reserve. Dynamics of the forest stands’ vitality were reflected in a rapid decline of the number of viable trees and an increase in amounts of deadwood, debris, and soil composition, resulting in a transformation of the natural biological carbon cycle in the native dark coniferous ecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gas Dynamics and Balance in Forest-Peatland Ecosystem)
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24 pages, 10637 KiB  
Article
Quantifying Spatial Heterogeneities of Surface Heat Budget and Methane Emissions over West-Siberian Peatland: Highlights from the Mukhrino 2022 Campaign
by Dmitry G. Chechin, Irina A. Repina, Arseniy Yu. Artamonov, Ilya D. Drozd, Egor A. Dyukarev, Vladimir S. Kazantsev, Liudmila A. Krivenok, Arina V. Larina, Artem D. Pashkin, Kirill N. Shmonin, Victor M. Stepanenko and Mikhail I. Varentsov
Forests 2024, 15(1), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15010102 - 4 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1082
Abstract
The study presents the first results from the multi-platform observational campaign carried out at the Mukhrino peatland in June 2022. The focus of the study is the quantification of spatial contrasts of the surface heat budget terms and methane emissions across the peatland, [...] Read more.
The study presents the first results from the multi-platform observational campaign carried out at the Mukhrino peatland in June 2022. The focus of the study is the quantification of spatial contrasts of the surface heat budget terms and methane emissions across the peatland, which arise due to the presence of microlandscape heterogeneities. It is found that surface temperature contrasts across the peatland exceeded 10 °C for clear-sky conditions both during day and night. Diurnal variation of surface temperature was strongest over ridges and drier hollows and was smallest over the waterlogged hollows and shallow lakes. This resulted in strong spatial variations of sensible heat flux (H) and Bowen ratio, while the latent heat varied much less. During the clear-sky days, H over ryam exceeded the one over the waterlogged hollow by more than a factor of two. The Bowen ratio amounted to about unity over ryam, which is similar to values over forests. Methane emissions estimated using the static-chamber method also strongly varied between various microlandscapes, being largest at a hollow within a ridge-hollow complex and smallest at a ridge. A strong nocturnal increase in methane mixing ratio was observed and was used in the framework of the atmospheric boundary layer budget method to estimate nocturnal methane emissions, which were found to be in the same order of magnitude as daytime emissions. Finally, the directions for further research are outlined, including the verification of flux-aggregation techniques, parameterizations of surface roughness and turbulent exchange, and land-surface model evaluation and development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gas Dynamics and Balance in Forest-Peatland Ecosystem)
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15 pages, 2609 KiB  
Article
Estimation of Carbon Stocks of Birch Forests on Abandoned Arable Lands in the Cis-Ural Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Camera
by Nikolay Fedorov, Ilnur Bikbaev, Pavel Shirokikh, Svetlana Zhigunova, Ilshat Tuktamyshev, Oksana Mikhaylenko, Vasiliy Martynenko, Aleksey Kulagin, Raphak Giniyatullin, Ruslan Urazgildin, Mikhail Komissarov and Larisa Belan
Forests 2023, 14(12), 2392; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14122392 - 7 Dec 2023
Viewed by 954
Abstract
Currently, studies investigating the carbon balance in forest ecosystems are particularly relevant due to the global increase in CO2 content in the atmosphere. Due to natural reforestation over the past 25–30 years, birch (Betula pendula Roth.) forests were extensively grown and [...] Read more.
Currently, studies investigating the carbon balance in forest ecosystems are particularly relevant due to the global increase in CO2 content in the atmosphere. Due to natural reforestation over the past 25–30 years, birch (Betula pendula Roth.) forests were extensively grown and established on abandoned agricultural lands in Bashkir Cis-Ural (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia). The significant positive aspect of reforestation on fallow lands is the carbon sequestration that takes place in the tree phytomass, especially at the growth stage of stand formation. The aim of this article is to test the approach of using a UAV-mounted LiDAR camera to estimate the phytomass and carbon stocks in different-aged birch forests growing on abandoned arable lands in Bashkir Cis-Ural. The methodology was developed using 28 sample plots, where the LiDAR survey was performed using a DJI Matrice 300 RTK UAV. Simultaneously, the stand characteristics and phytomass of stem wood were also estimated, using traditional methods in the field of forest science. The regression equations of phytomass dependence on stand characteristics at different stages of reforestation were constructed using data obtained from LiDAR imagery. It was shown that the above-ground tree biomass could be precisely estimated using the index obtained by multiplying the number of trees and their average height. A comparison of the data obtained using traditional and LiDAR survey methods found that the accuracy of the latter increased in conjunction with stand density. The accuracy of estimation ranged from 0.2 to 6.8% in birch forests aged 20 years and over. To calculate carbon stocks of the above-ground tree stands, the use of regional conversion coefficients is suggested, which could also be applied for the estimation of carbon content in trunk wood and leaves. An equation for the calculation of above-ground biomass carbon stocks of birch forests on abandoned arable lands is proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gas Dynamics and Balance in Forest-Peatland Ecosystem)
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21 pages, 5518 KiB  
Article
Impact of Temperature and Moisture on the Decomposition of Peat-Forming Plants: Results of a Two-Year Incubation Experiment
by Liliya Nikonova, Irina Kurganova, Valentin Lopes de Gerenyu, Olga Rogova and Evgeniya Golovatskaya
Forests 2023, 14(12), 2355; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14122355 - 30 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1155
Abstract
The decomposition rate of plant residues is determined by both abiotic (temperature, moisture) and biotic factors (biochemical composition). To separate the contribution of each factor to the decomposition process, long-term incubation experiments under controlled conditions are required. Two-year incubation experiments were conducted with [...] Read more.
The decomposition rate of plant residues is determined by both abiotic (temperature, moisture) and biotic factors (biochemical composition). To separate the contribution of each factor to the decomposition process, long-term incubation experiments under controlled conditions are required. Two-year incubation experiments were conducted with various types of peat-forming plants (Sphagnum fuscum, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Eriophorum vaginatum, and a mixed sample consisting of 60% Sphagnum fuscum and 40% Chamaedaphne calyculata). The experiments were carried out at temperatures of 2, 12, and 22 °C, with varying moisture levels (W = 30, 60, and 90% of their water-holding capacity). In all plant samples, the highest rates of C(CO2) emission (DecR) were observed in the initial stages of decomposition. The cumulative carbon loss (Ccum) during the experiment ranged from 45 to 196 mgC/g of plant material at 22 °C and 23 to 156 mgC/g of plant material at 2 °C. The decay constant (k) for all plant samples increased with rising temperature. The results of the three-way ANOVA showed that the influence of the examined factors on the cumulative losses of C(CO2) decreased in the following order: the type of plant > temperature > moisture. Throughout the experiment, the influence of the type of plant and moisture on DecR increased, while the effect of temperature decreased. The highest temperature sensitivity (Q10 = 0.71–6.19) was observed in the low-temperature range (2–12 °C) during months 4 to 6 of incubation. These results are relevant for modeling and predicting the rate of transformation of peat organic matter under changing climatic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gas Dynamics and Balance in Forest-Peatland Ecosystem)
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14 pages, 5965 KiB  
Article
Assessing and Mapping Changes in Forest Growing Stock Volume over Time in Bashkiriya Nature Reserve, Russia
by Larisa Belan, Azamat Suleymanov, Ekaterina Bogdan, Aleksandr Volkov, Ildar Gaysin, Iren Tuktarova and Ruslan Shagaliev
Forests 2023, 14(11), 2251; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14112251 - 16 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 943
Abstract
There is growing recognition that forest ecosystems are a key component in the global carbon cycle, and there is a clear demand for their study. This research is a comparative analysis of forest growing stock volume (GSV) and determination of annual growth in [...] Read more.
There is growing recognition that forest ecosystems are a key component in the global carbon cycle, and there is a clear demand for their study. This research is a comparative analysis of forest growing stock volume (GSV) and determination of annual growth in Bashkiriya Nature Reserve (Russia) for 1979 and 2015 using 8395 and 8405 observation plots, respectively. Also, we evaluated the spatial distribution and produced digital maps of the species and their GSV for each year. The results showed that pine and birch were the dominant species (60.5 and 24.8% of the area in 2015, respectively) and there were no significant changes in the area of stands during the 36-year period. We found that the GSV in the reserve had increased by an average of 23.2% over the 36-year period. Specifically, the total forest GSV increased from 7,678,960 in 1979 to 10,003,890 m3 in 2015, representing an annual gain of 0–1.5 m3/ha. The increase in GSV was mainly associated with an increase in birch and pine trees. The annual growth of GSV was determined as 1.8–2.1 and 1.4 m3/ha per year for pine and birch forests, respectively. However, these types of trees belong to the age categories of mature and overmature stands, i.e., with reduced intensity of GSV gain. Digital maps produced as part of this study provide a visual representation of the changes in forest spatial patterns and GSV over time, highlighting areas of the reserve where the stock has increased or decreased. This study leveraged a substantial dataset, which provided valuable retrospective insights into the dynamics of pristine forest ecosystems, allowing for the assessment of changes over a 36-year period. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the ongoing monitoring and assessment of GSV levels, especially in the context of rapidly changing environments and climates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Greenhouse Gas Dynamics and Balance in Forest-Peatland Ecosystem)
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