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GeoHazards
Special Issues
Active Faulting and Seismicity
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Active Faulting and Seismicity

A special issue of GeoHazards (ISSN 2624-795X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (11 December 2023) | Viewed by 4914

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dimitrios Papanikolaou

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Guest Editor
Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Interests: tectonics; geodynamics; natural disasters; marine geodynamics; crustal deformation combining on-shore and off-shore structures
Dr. Paraskevi Nomikou

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Guest Editor
Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
Interests: seafloor mapping; tectonics; submarine volcanism; 3D reconstruction; physical geography; morpho-geodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Nathalie Feuillet

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Guest Editor
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Department of Lithosphere, Tectonics and Mechanics, Paris, France
Interests: tectonic; seismotectonics
Dr. Maria Filomena Loreto

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Guest Editor
National Research Council – CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences – ISMAR, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: geodynamics; structural geology; marine geology and geophysics; geo-hazard; extensional and compressive tectonics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The relation between active faulting and seismicity has been investigated mainly since the 1980s, when large earthquakes of magnitude >6 have re-activated neotectonic faults with measurable displacements on the fault planes. Soon after, empirical relationships have been elaborated between the earthquake magnitude and the fault length or the fault throw. Several dating techniques such as trenching, Cl36 dating, etc., have resulted in the estimation of throw rate or slip rate on each fault. The correlation of slip rates with uplift/subsidence rates, erosion rates and GPS rates have increased our understanding of the overall active deformation of a region. A parallel process has been developed for active faulting and seismicity offshore with different techniques, combining detailed digital bathymetric data and litho-seismic profiles. Thus, the basic parameters of fault length, fault throw and their impact on the sea bed morphology have been determined. The dating of the off-shore faults either by drilling or by the sedimentation rates obtained from shallow coring resulted in the estimation of slip rates. However, the study of active faulting in areas combining on-shore and off-shore faults is not common in the literature, as the two groups (terrestrial and marine) usually work and collaborate separately.

The Special Issue aims to bring the two groups of experts on active faulting and seismicity together and thus, we invite papers on active faulting and seismicity: 1) for areas on-shore, 2) for areas off-shore, 3) for areas combining both on-shore and off-shore domains.

Prof. Dr. Dimitrios Papanikolaou
Dr. Paraskevi Nomikou
Prof. Dr. Nathalie Feuillet
Dr. Maria Filomena Loreto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. GeoHazards is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • maps of active faults
  • fault throw and slip rate
  • techniques of fault dating
  • seismic history of faults
  • integration of on-shore and off-shore faults
  • growth faulting and slip rate
  • slip rate and uplift/subsidence, erosion, sedimentation, GPS rate
  • seismic activity of marginal faults of basins
  • seismic hazard maps
  • active faulting and focal mechanisms

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 5343 KiB  
Article
Archeoseismic Study of Damage in Medieval Monuments around New Delhi, India: An Approach to Understanding Paleoseismicity in an Intraplate Region
by Sambit Prasanajit Naik, Klaus Reicherter, Miklos Kázmér, Jens Skapski, Asmita Mohanty and Young-Seog Kim
GeoHazards 2024, 5(1), 142-165; https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards5010007 - 14 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1156
Abstract
The seismic shaking observed around Delhi and the surrounding region due to near-field and far-field earthquakes is a matter of concern for the seismic safety of the national capital of India, as well as the historical monuments of the region. Historical seismicity indicates [...] Read more.
The seismic shaking observed around Delhi and the surrounding region due to near-field and far-field earthquakes is a matter of concern for the seismic safety of the national capital of India, as well as the historical monuments of the region. Historical seismicity indicates that the Delhi region has been affected by several damaging earthquakes originating from the Himalayan region as far-field events, as well as due to near-field earthquakes with epicenters close to Delhi. The historical records, along with recent archeoseismological studies, suggest that Qutab Minar, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was damaged by the earthquake of 1803 CE. This event represents the only evidence of seismic damage from the region, as there has been no detailed study of other historical monuments in the area or earthquakes that have caused damage. In this context, the earthquake damage to other monuments might have been overlooked to some extent around the Qutab Minar due to the lack of proper earthquake damage surveys and documentation in historical times. The main goal of this study is to identify evidence of earthquake archeological effects around the Qutab Minar and to shed new light on the occurrence and characteristics of ancient earthquakes while providing data to inform seismic risk assessment programs. With this aim, we describe different earthquake-related damage (EAE, earthquake archeological effects) at the Isa Khan Tomb and Humayun’s Tomb, built between 1548 CE and 1570 CE, respectively, as well as the older Tomb of Iltutmish (built in 1235 CE) along with the Qutab Minar, which was built between 1199 CE and 1220 CE. The damage was probably caused by seismic events with intensities between VIII and IX on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS). Based on the methodology of paleo ShakeMaps, it is most likely that the 1803 CE earthquake was the causative earthquake for the observed deformation in the Isa Khan Tomb, Tomb of Iltutmish, and Humayun’s Tomb. More detailed regional paleoseismological studies are required to identify the responsible fault. In conclusion, the impressive cultural heritage of Delhi city and the intraplate region is constantly under seismic threats from near-field earthquakes and far-field Himalayan earthquakes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Faulting and Seismicity)
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11 pages, 3620 KiB  
Article
Near Real-Time Detection and Moment Tensor Inversion of the 11 May 2022, Dharchula Earthquake
by Pankaj Kumar, Vipul Silwal, Rinku Mahanta, Vipin Kumar Maurya, Kamal, Mukat Lal Sharma and Ambikapathy Ammani
GeoHazards 2023, 4(4), 515-525; https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards4040029 - 14 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1215
Abstract
On 11 May 2022, an earthquake of Mw 5.2 occurred in the Dharchula region of Uttarakhand Himalayas, India. The Uttarakhand State Earthquake Early Warning System (UEEWS) detected and transmitted the warning within 11.61 s from the origin time, taking only 4.26 s [...] Read more.
On 11 May 2022, an earthquake of Mw 5.2 occurred in the Dharchula region of Uttarakhand Himalayas, India. The Uttarakhand State Earthquake Early Warning System (UEEWS) detected and transmitted the warning within 11.61 s from the origin time, taking only 4.26 s for processing, location, and magnitude estimation and warning dissemination. The complete analysis was performed using three seconds of waveforms. Using the initial earthquake parameters provided by the UEEWS, moment tensor inversion was performed using the broadband seismometers network installed in northern India. The moment tensor (MT) inversion was performed for the event using both the body waves and the surface waves. The first motion polarity was used along with waveform data to enhance the solution’s stability. This paper discusses the importance of real-time event detection and efforts towards real-time MT source inversion of earthquakes in the Uttarakhand Himalayas. Relocation of two past earthquakes near Dharchula is also undertaken in this study. The outcome of this study provides insights into mitigating seismic hazards, understanding earthquake source mechanisms, and enhancing knowledge of local fault structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Faulting and Seismicity)
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16 pages, 5085 KiB  
Article
Induced Seismicity Hazard Assessment for a Potential CO2 Storage Site in the Southern San Joaquin Basin, CA
by Arjun Kohli, Yunan Li, Tae Wook Kim and Anthony R. Kovscek
GeoHazards 2023, 4(4), 421-436; https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards4040024 - 01 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1412
Abstract
California’s Central Valley offers vast opportunities for CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers. We conducted an induced seismicity hazard assessment for a potential injection site in the southern San Joaquin Basin for 18 years of injection at 0.68 MtCO2/yr and [...] Read more.
California’s Central Valley offers vast opportunities for CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers. We conducted an induced seismicity hazard assessment for a potential injection site in the southern San Joaquin Basin for 18 years of injection at 0.68 MtCO2/yr and 100 years of monitoring. We mapped stress, faults, and seismicity in a 30 km radius around the site to build a geomechanical model and resolve the stresses on major faults. From a 3D hydromechanical simulation of the CO2 plume, we calculated the change in pressure over time on these faults and determined the conditions for safe injection. Lacking any subsurface imaging, we also conducted a probabilistic fault slip analysis using numerous random distributions of faults and a range of geomechanical parameters. Our results show that the change in probability of fault slip can be minimized by controlling the size, migration, and magnitude of the pressure plume. We also constructed a seismic catalog for the last 20 years around the site and characterized the natural patterns of seismicity. We use these results to establish criteria for evaluating potential-induced events during the storage period and to develop a traffic light response system. This study represents a first-order procedure to evaluate the seismic hazards presented by CO2 storage and incorporate uncertainties in hydrological and geomechanical parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Faulting and Seismicity)
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