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Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on the lessons learned from the seismic monitoring of vertical and horizontal arrays. In particular, the scope is to add knowledge as far as the following aspects of seismic response analysis of soil deposits are concerned: a) influence of the deepness of the bedrock; b) criteria for the identification of the seismic bedrock; c) valley effects; d) the use of true non-linear models incorporating the soil strength; e) the seismic response of liquefiable deposits when liquefaction occurs (influence of soil failure); f) advances in soil dynamic characterization, with special attention to the in situ determination of attenuation parameters.

Of course, the seismic monitoring of strong earthquakes becomes of paramount importance with respect to the above-listed open questions.

Dr. Diego Lo Presti
Dr. Stefano Stacul
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Seismic Response Analysis of soil deposits (SRA)
Dynamic soil characterization
Seismic Monitoring
SRA of liquefiable deposits

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 6551 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic Site Classification from the Horizontal-to-Vertical Response Spectral Ratios: Use of the Spanish Strong-Motion Database

by Luis A. Pinzón, Luis G. Pujades, Albert Macau, Emilio Carreño and Juan M. Alcalde

Geosciences 2019, 9(7), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9070294 - 4 Jul 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4393

Abstract

Normally, the average of the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) ratios of the 5% damped response spectra of ground motions is used to classify the site of strong-motion stations. In these cases, only the three-orthogonal as-recorded acceleration components are used in the analysis, and all the vector compositions that can generate a different response for each period oscillator are excluded. In this study, the Spanish strong-motion database was used to classify the sites of accelerometric stations based on the predominant periods through the average horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) of recorded ground motions. Moreover, the directionality effects using the vector composition of the horizontal components of ground motions were also considered in the estimations of H/V ratios. This consideration is a relevant novelty compared to the traditional H/V ratios methods. Only earthquakes with magnitudes above 3.5 and hypocentral distances below 200 km were selected, which resulted in 692 ground-motion records, corresponding to 86 stations, from events in the period between 1993 and 2017. After the analysis, a predominant-period site classification was assigned to each station. On the whole, the obtained mean and standard deviation values of the spectral ratios are comparable to those shown by other researchers. Therefore, the advantages of the proposed procedure, which takes the directionality effects into account, can be summarized as follows: (a) The obtained information is richer and gives enables more sophisticated and realistic analyses on the basis of percentiles and (b) it is easier to detect anomalous stations, sites, and/or accelerograms. Moreover, the method eliminates the effect of directionality as a contributor to epistemic uncertainty. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue What Is Really New in Seismic Response Analysis of Soil Deposits)

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16 pages, 7708 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydropower Dam State and Its Foundation Soil Survey Using Industrial Seismic Oscillations

by Galina Antonovskaya, Natalia Kapustian, Irina Basakina, Nikita Afonin and Konstantin Moshkunov

Geosciences 2019, 9(4), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040187 - 23 Apr 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3416

Abstract

In this article, we suggest a new type of seismic source for surveying both structure state and foundation soil conditions regardless of the level of seismic noise. In our opinion, powerful industrial equipment can be treated as seismic sources. We describe the results of a survey conducted on the Song Tranh-2 hydropower dam located in Central Vietnam. After a М = 4.7 earthquake, the dam visual inspection revealed zones of the excessive durability loss: cracks and areas with an elevated infiltration of water into the dam galleries. Powerful industrial equipment generates continuous quasi-harmonic mechanical oscillations (seismic waves) that travel through layers of rocks. These seismic oscillations are recorded by receivers in different measurement points such as the dam body, abutments, and the foundation soils. Anomalous amplitudes of these oscillations indicate the presence of weakened zones in the structure or in foundation soil. We coupled passive and active seismic methods to more precisely find such zones. In this case, active seismic methods allowed us to investigate dam abutment zones, and passive seismic methods were used to localize weakened zones in the dam-foundation soil system. We assumed that the joint contribution of two factors was the cause of the dam weakening. One of them was caused by increased water infiltration through the rock mass and its contact zones, and the other was reservoir-induced seismicity contributing to the deterioration of the foundation soils, which was possibly the reason for a shift in the dam in the contact zone with the rock mass foundation. It is necessary to perform computer modelling, which was not included in our research. The developed method can be used for the safety control of the hydropower station dams. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue What Is Really New in Seismic Response Analysis of Soil Deposits)

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