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2nd Edition: Advances in Personalized Exercise Prescription for Chronic Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (13 December 2022) | Viewed by 15435

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Lance Dalleck

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Guest Editor

Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA
Interests: primary prevention; translational research
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well-established that regular exercise training confers numerous health and wellness benefits. Accordingly, exercise remains a central feature of prevention, rehabilitation, and other public-health-related programs. However, not all individuals respond positively to exercise. There is considerable individual variability in training adaptations, including the phenomenon of responders and non-responders. This variability in training responsiveness is not well-understood and may be attributable to various factors, including the absence of set definitions in the literature for responders and non-responders and a one-size-fits-all approach to exercise prescription.

This Special Issue seeks original papers on advances in personalized exercise prescription for chronic disease prevention and rehabilitation. We also welcome high-quality systematic reviews related to these matters. I would be pleased if this Special Issue serves as a trigger for the provision of insightful data for the design of personalized exercise prescriptions that will optimize the training responsiveness of prevention and rehabilitation programs.

Prof. Dr. Lance Dalleck
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

primary prevention
translational research
exercise non-responders
personalized medicine
metabolic syndrome
cardiovascular disease
training responsiveness
response heterogeneity
cardiorespiratory fitness
threshold-based training
exercise training
ventilatory threshold
verification procedure

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1212 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in the Second Ventilatory Threshold Following Individualised versus Standardised Exercise Prescription among Physically Inactive Adults: A Randomised Trial

by Alex D. Martini, Lance C. Dalleck, Gaizka Mejuto, Trent Larwood, Ryan M. Weatherwax and Joyce S. Ramos

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 3962; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073962 - 26 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2307

Abstract

The second ventilatory threshold (VT₂) is established as an important indicator of exercise intensity tolerance. A higher VT₂ allows for greater duration of higher intensity exercise participation and subsequently greater reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of standardised and individualised exercise prescription on VT₂ among physically inactive adults. Forty-nine physically inactive male and female participants (48.6 ± 11.5 years) were recruited and randomised into a 12-week standardised (n = 25) or individualised (n = 24) exercise prescription intervention. The exercise intensity for the standardised and individualised groups was prescribed as a percentage of heart rate reserve (HRR) or relative to the first ventilatory threshold (VT₁) and VT₂, respectively. Participants were required to complete a maximal graded exercise test at pre-and post-intervention to determine VT₁ and VT₂. Participants were categorised as responders to the intervention if an absolute VT₂ change of at least 1.9% was attained. Thirty-eight participants were included in the analysis. A significant difference in VT₂ change was found between individualised (pre vs. post: 70.6% vs. 78.7% maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂max)) and standardised (pre vs. post: 72.5% vs. 72.3% VO₂max) exercise groups. Individualised exercise prescription was significantly more efficacious (p = 0.04) in eliciting a positive response in VT₂ (15/19, 79%) when compared to the standardised exercise group (9/19, 47%). Individualised exercise prescription appears to be more efficacious than standardised exercise prescription in eliciting a positive VT₂ change among physically inactive adults. Increasing VT₂ allows for greater tolerance to higher exercise intensities and therefore greater cardiovascular health outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Advances in Personalized Exercise Prescription for Chronic Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation)

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19 pages, 1796 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Is the Tyme Wear Smart Shirt Reliable and Valid at Detecting Personalized Ventilatory Thresholds in Recreationally Active Individuals?

by Aaron H. Gouw, Gary P. Van Guilder, Gillian G. Cullen and Lance C. Dalleck

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1147; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031147 - 20 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2022

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the Tyme Wear smart shirt is as reliable and valid in detecting personalized ventilatory thresholds when compared to the Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400. In this validation study, 19 subjects were recruited to conduct two graded exercise test (GXT) trials. Each GXT trial was separated by 7 to 10 days of rest. During the GXT, gas exchange and heart rate data were collected by the TrueOne 2400 (TRUE) in addition to the ventilation data collected by the Tyme Wear smart shirt (S-PRED). Gas exchange data from TRUE were used to detect ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) and ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2). TRUE and S-PRED VT1 and VT2 were compared to determine the reliability and validity of the smart shirt. Of the 19 subjects, data from 15 subjects were used during analysis. S-PRED exhibited excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient—CC > 0.90) reliability for detection of VT1 and VT2 utilizing time point and workload and moderate (0.90 > ICC > 0.75) reliability utilizing heart rate. TRUE exhibited excellent reliability for detection of VT1 and VT2 utilizing time point, workload, and heart rate. When compared to TRUE, S-PRED appears to underestimate the VT1 workload (p > 0.05) across both trials and heart rate (p < 0.05) for trial 1. However, S-PRED appears to underestimate VT2 workload (p < 0.05) and heart rate (p < 0.05) across both trials. The result from this study suggests that the Tyme Wear smart shirt is less valid but is comparable in reliability when compared to the gold standard. Moreover, despite the underestimation of S-PRED VT1 and VT2, the S-PRED-detected personalized ventilatory thresholds provide an adequate training workload for most individuals. In conclusion, the Tyme Wear smart shirt provides easily accessible testing to establish threshold-guided training zones but does not devalue the long-standing laboratory equivalent. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Advances in Personalized Exercise Prescription for Chronic Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation)

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12 pages, 755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stroke Survivors’ Personal Efficacy Beliefs and Outcome Expectations of Tai Chi Exercise: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

by Ruth Taylor-Piliae, Hanne Dolan and Aodet Yako

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13001; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413001 - 9 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2832

Abstract

Prior qualitative research conducted among stroke survivors to explore the potential benefits and challenges of participating in tai chi exercise during stroke recovery is limited to those without depression. A qualitative descriptive approach was used. Social Cognitive Theory and Complex Systems Biology provided the theoretical framework, with focus group interview data collected from stroke survivors after participation in a tai chi intervention. Due to COVID-19, the focus group interview was conducted via online video conferencing. Content analysis of the de-identified transcript was conducted with a-priori codes based on the theoretical framework and inductive codes that were added during the analysis process. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were followed to ensure trustworthiness of the data. Community-dwelling stroke survivors (n = 7) participating in the focus group interviews were on average 68 years old, mainly retired (71%, n = 5), married women (57%, n = 4) with >13 years education (86%, n = 6). The three major themes were: personal efficacy beliefs, tai chi intervention active ingredients, and outcome expectations. Social Cognitive Theory underscored stroke survivors’ personal efficacy beliefs, behavior, and outcome expectations, while Complex Systems Biology highlighted the active ingredients of the tai chi intervention they experienced. Participation in the 8-week tai chi intervention led to perceived physical, mental, and social benefits post stroke. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Advances in Personalized Exercise Prescription for Chronic Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation)

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13 pages, 818 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anthropometric Measurements, Metabolic Profile and Physical Fitness in a Sample of Spanish Women with Type 2 Diabetes

by María Orosia Lucha-López, Concepción Vidal-Peracho, César Hidalgo-García, Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz, Héctor Tricás-Vidal, Mar Hernández-Secorún, Sofía Monti-Ballano, José Miguel Tricás-Moreno and Ana Carmen Lucha-López

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(22), 11955; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211955 - 14 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1829

Abstract

Background: Exercise training has proven to be effective for treatment of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aims of this study were to compare anthropometric measurements, metabolic profile and physical fitness between active and sedentary women with type 2 diabetes, and to analyse relationships between anthropometry and metabolic profile and components of physical fitness (balance, flexibility, strength and endurance). Methods: Cross-sectional research on 28 women with type 2 diabetes. Amount of daily physical activity, BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, fibrinogen, hs-CRP, tiptoe dynamic balance, static balance, finger floor distance, abdominal, upper and lower limb strength and walking cardiovascular endurance were recorded. Results: Age: 58.5 ± 7.8. Overall, 16 subjects were physically active and 12 were sedentary. Active subjects had lower BMI (p = 0.033) and better cardiovascular endurance (p = 0.025). BMI and waist circumference were not influenced by any physical fitness component. HbA1c, fibrinogen and hs-CRP were related with worse dynamic balance (p = 0.036, 0.006 and 0.031, respectively). Conclusions: Active women had lower BMI and showed a better performance in cardiovascular endurance. Tiptoe dynamic balance impairments were related to worse glycaemic control, hypercoagulation and inflammatory state. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Advances in Personalized Exercise Prescription for Chronic Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation)

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12 pages, 837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Integrated Step Training into the Physical Education Curriculum of Children with Intellectual Disabilities

by Pei-Fung Wu, Yu-Wei Chang, Tai-Been Chen and Li-Ching Chang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11340; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111340 - 28 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1807

Abstract

(1) Background: This study investigated the changes in step frequency, walking ability, and standing posture of students with intellectual disabilities by integrating step training into the students’ physical education curriculum; (2) Methods: The centroid formula was used to estimate the geometric center of the students’ bodies in video footage of each participant. Each participant’s stepping frequency per minute was recorded. After training, the teachers involved were interviewed regarding the participants’ everyday activities in school. Each step training session was recorded by two video cameras. Each step training session was observed and photographed by a senior physical education teacher with special education qualifications; (3) Results: The step training increased the stability of the participants’ body axes. The participants’ average steps per minute of the participants significantly improved from 24.200 ± 7.554 to 28.700 ± 8.629. Additionally, despite the students exhibiting anxious behavior (e.g., squeezing their hands and grasping at their clothes) at baseline, the frequency of these behaviors decreased significantly from week 4. Overall, the students’ daily activities, motivation, interpersonal interaction, self-confidence, and anxiety behaviors improved; (4) Conclusions: After the 8-week step program, the participants with intellectual disabilities improved their step frequency, movement stability, ability to perform daily activities, walking speed, motivation, interpersonal interaction, and self-confidence, and they exhibited a lower level of anxiety-related behaviors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Advances in Personalized Exercise Prescription for Chronic Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation)

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Other

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24 pages, 1169 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Efficacy of Different Types of Physical Activity Interventions on Exercise Capacity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Network Meta-Analysis

by Susana Priego-Jiménez, Ana Torres-Costoso, María José Guzmán-Pavón, Patricia Lorenzo-García, María Isabel Lucerón-Lucas-Torres and Celia Álvarez-Bueno

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14539; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114539 - 5 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3897

Abstract

Aim: A network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to determine the effects on the exercise capacity, measured by the 6 MWT, of patients with COPD of (i) different physical activity interventions and (ii) supervised or unsupervised programs. Methods: A literature search was carried out from inception to April 2022. Randomized controlled trials of the effectiveness of physical activity on exercise capacity in patients with COPD were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) tool, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool (GRADE) was used to assess the quality of the evidence. A pairwise meta-analysis for direct and indirect effects was carried out. Results: A total of 41 studies were included in this NMA. The highest effects were for urban training pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs (ES, 1.50; 95% CI: 0.46 and 2.55) versus the control group. For supervised and unsupervised PR and home-based PR programs, the highest effects were found for supervised PR (ES, 0.85; 95% CI: 0.46 to 1.23) versus the control group. Conclusions: PR implemented with urban circuit training should be considered the most effective strategy to improve exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Supervision of the programs improves exercise capacity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Advances in Personalized Exercise Prescription for Chronic Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation)

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