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Implementation Research in Chronic Disease Prevention and Control

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2019) | Viewed by 43543

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Noël Christopher Barengo

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
2. Department of Health Policy & Management, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
3. Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
Interests: diabetes prevention; diabetes epidemiology; public health; risk factors and lifestyle habits of chronic noncommunicable diseases; screening for type 2 diabetes; implementation science; dissemination science
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Implementation research seeks to understand the processes and factors that are associated with successful integration of evidence-based interventions within a particular setting. It further assesses whether the core components of the original intervention were faithfully transported to the real-world setting and is also concerned with the adaptation of the implemented intervention to the local context.

Although basic research is usually performed without consideration of practical ends, the function of applied research is to provide implementable answers. The ultimate goal of dissemination and implementation science is to ensure that advances in health science become standards for care in all populations and all health care settings

This Special Issue of IJERPH called “Implementation Research in Chronic Disease Prevention and Control” will help to disseminate the results of successful implementation research projects in chronic disease prevention and control.

Prof. Dr. Noël Christopher Barengo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Chronic diseases
Prevention
Screening
Implementation research
Translational research
Health promotion
Primary health-care systems
Disease control

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 863 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Early Lifestyle Interventions in People with Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Northern Colombia: The DEMOJUAN Project

by Noël C. Barengo, Tania Acosta, Astrid Arrieta, Carlos Ricaurte, Dins Smits, Karen Florez and Jaakko O. Tuomilehto

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(8), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081403 - 18 Apr 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3844

Abstract

Background: The objective of the demonstration project for type 2 diabetes prevention in the Barranquilla and Juan Mina (DEMOJUAN) study was to investigate the extent to which it is possible to reach normal glucose metabolism with early lifestyle interventions in people at high risk of type 2 diabetes (prediabetes), compared with those who receive standard usual care. Methods: DEMOJUAN was a randomized controlled trial conducted in Juan Mina and Barranquilla, Northern Colombia. Eligible participants were randomized into one of three groups (control group, initial nutritional intervention, and initial physical activity intervention). The duration of the intervention was 24 months. The main study outcome in the present analysis was reversion to normoglycemia. Relative risks and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated for reversal to normoglycemia and T2D incidence. Results: There was no statistically significant association between the intervention groups and reversion to normoglycemia. The relative risk of reversion to normoglycemia was 0.88 (95% CI 0.70–1.12) for the initial nutritional intervention group participants and 0.95 (95% CI 0.75–1.20) for the initial physical activity intervention group participants. Conclusions: Our study did not find any statistically significant differences in reversion to normoglycemia or the development of type 2 diabetes between the intervention groups and the control group in this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implementation Research in Chronic Disease Prevention and Control)

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12 pages, 1017 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reduced Exertion High-Intensity Interval Training is More Effective at Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health than Traditional Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training

by Tom F. Cuddy, Joyce S. Ramos and Lance C. Dalleck

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(3), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030483 - 07 Feb 2019

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 17130

Abstract

This study sought to determine the effectiveness of an 8 wk reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) at improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and positively modifying cardiometabolic health in the workplace environment. Participants (n = 32) were randomized to two groups: (1) One group (n = 16) was prescribed an 8 wk REHIT program, and (2) one group (n = 16) was prescribed moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Cardiometabolic risk factors and CRF were measured at baseline and 8 wks. After 8 wks, changes in CRF (REHIT, 12%; MICT, 7%), systolic blood pressure (REHIT, −5%; MICT, −2%), waist circumference (REHIT, −1.4%; MICT, −0.3%), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity (MetS z-score: REHIT, −62%; MICT, 27%) were more favorable (p < 0.05) in the REHIT group relative to the MICT group. Interestingly, there was a significantly greater proportion of participants in the REHIT group (75%, 9/12) who had a favorable change in the MetS z-score (Δ > −0.60) relative to the MICT group (47%, 7/15). The main finding of the present study is that 8 wks REHIT elicited more potent and time-efficient improvements in CRF and cardiometabolic health when compared to traditional MICT. This study provides critical evidence for implementation of the sprint interval training (SIT) paradigm from the scientific literature into a real-world workplace setting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implementation Research in Chronic Disease Prevention and Control)

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10 pages, 511 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anthropometric Measures as Predictive Indicators of Metabolic Risk in a Population of “Holy Week Costaleros”

by José Miguel Robles-Romero, Eduardo J. Fernández-Ozcorta, Juan Gavala-González, Macarena Romero-Martín, Juan Gómez-Salgado and Carlos Ruiz-Frutos

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(2), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020207 - 13 Jan 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5309

Abstract

Preventive measures are a priority in those groups that perform intense physical efforts without physical preparation and that can also be overweight or obese. One of the groups that reflect these characteristics is the costaleros of the Holy Week of Andalusia, Spain. This paper aims to describe the effect of obesity on blood pressure. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 costaleros. The anthropometric measures were determined through segmental impedance. Cardiac recovery and anaerobic power were measured through the Ruffier–Dickson test and the Abalakov test, respectively. Blood pressure was measured when the individuals were at rest. The Kruskal–Wallis test was applied for of continuous parameters and the X² test for dichotomous measures. Binary logistic regression models were used for the subsequent analysis with R-square and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The average population was 28 years of age, 173.7 cm tall, and 82.59 Kg weigh. The excess of body fat was 11.27 Kg and Body Mass Index was 27.33 Kg/m². 72.3% showed abnormal blood pressure and 68.2% were overweight. 32.7% had a waist-hip ratio higher than 0.94. The probability of presenting abnormal blood pressure was higher among the subjects whose fat content was higher and muscle content was lower. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implementation Research in Chronic Disease Prevention and Control)

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12 pages, 528 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Serum Lipid Profile and Its Association with Diabetes and Prediabetes in a Rural Bangladeshi Population

by Bishwajit Bhowmik, Tasnima Siddiquee, Anindita Mujumder, Faria Afsana, Tareen Ahmed, Ibrahimu A. Mdala, Nayla Cristina Do V. Moreira, Abul Kalam Azad Khan, Akhtar Hussain, Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen and Tone Kristin Omsland

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(9), 1944; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091944 - 06 Sep 2018

Cited by 88 | Viewed by 7467

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is commonly associated with diabetes (T2DM). This has been demonstrated for the Caucasian population, but few data are available for Asian Indians. The paper aims to investigate serum lipids (separately or in combination) and their association with glucose intolerance status (T2DM and prediabetes) in a rural Bangladeshi population. A sample of 2293 adults (≥20 years) were included in a community based cross-sectional survey in 2009. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, blood glucose (fasting and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test) and fasting serum lipids (total cholesterol, T-Chol; triglycerides, Tg; low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C) were registered. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and regression analysis were performed. High Tg levels were seen in 26% to 64% of the participants, depending on glucose tolerance status. Low HDL-C levels were seen in all groups (>90%). Significant linear trends were observed for high T-Chol, high Tg and low HDL-C with increasing glucose intolerance (p for trend <0.001). T2DM was significantly associated with high T-Chol (Odds ratio (OR): 2.43, p < 0.001), high Tg (OR: 3.91, p < 0.001) and low HDL-C (OR: 2.17, p = 0.044). Prediabetes showed a significant association with high Tg (OR: 1.96, p < 0.001) and low HDL-C (OR: 2.93, p = 0.011). Participants with combined high Tg and low HDL-C levels had a 12.75-fold higher OR for T2DM and 4.89 OR for prediabetes. In Asian Indian populations an assessment of serum lipids is warranted not only for T2DM patients, but also for those with prediabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implementation Research in Chronic Disease Prevention and Control)

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12 pages, 500 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changing Neighborhoods and Residents’ Health Perceptions: The Heart Healthy Hoods Qualitative Study

by Paloma Conde, Marta Gutiérrez, María Sandín, Julia Díez, Luisa N. Borrell, Jesús Rivera-Navarro and Manuel Franco

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(8), 1617; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081617 - 31 Jul 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5187

Abstract

Cities, and therefore neighborhoods, are under constant change. Neighborhood changes may affect residents’ health in multiple ways. The Heart Healthy Hoods (HHH) project studies the association between neighborhood and residents’ health. Focusing on a middle–low-socioeconomic neighborhood in Madrid (Spain), our aim was to describe qualitatively its residents’ perceptions on the urban changes and their impacts on health. We designed a qualitative study using 16 semi-structured interviews including adult residents and professionals living or working in the area. Firstly, we described the perceived main social and neighborhood changes. Secondly, we studied how these neighborhood changes connected to residents’ health perceptions. Perceived major social changes were new demographic composition, new socio–cultural values and economic changes. Residents’ negative health perceptions were the reduction of social relationships, increase of stress and labor precariousness. Positive health perceptions were the creation of supportive links, assimilation of self-care activities and the change in traditional roles. Neighborhood changes yielded both negative and positive effects on residents’ health. These effects would be the result of the interrelation of different elements such as the existence or absence of social ties, family responsibilities, time availability, economic resources and access and awareness to health-promoting programs. These qualitative research results provide important insight into crafting urban health policies that may ultimately improve health outcomes in communities undergoing change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implementation Research in Chronic Disease Prevention and Control)

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13 pages, 934 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shared Decision-Making and Women’s Adherence to Breast and Cervical Cancer Screenings

by Jayoung Han, Paiboon Jungsuwadee, Olufunmilola Abraham and Dongwoo Ko

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(7), 1509; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071509 - 17 Jul 2018

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3841

Abstract

We examined the effect of shared decision-making (SDM) on women’s adherence to breast and cervical cancer screenings and estimated the prevalence and adherence rate of screenings. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design using the 2017 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) data collected by the National Cancer Institute. Adherence was defined based on the guidelines from the American Cancer Society and the composite measure of shared decision-making was constructed using three items in the data. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association between the SDM and adherence, controlling for cancer beliefs and socio-demographic variables. The analysis included 742 responses. Weighted to represent the U.S. population, 68.1% adhered to both breast and cervical cancer screening guidelines. The composite measure of SDM was reliable (α = 0.85), and a higher SDM score was associated with women’s screening adherence (b = 0.17; p = 0.009). There were still women who did not receive cancer screenings as recommended. The results suggest that the use of the SDM approach for healthcare professionals’ communication with patients can improve screening adherence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implementation Research in Chronic Disease Prevention and Control)

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