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2nd Edition of Epidemiology and Global Health
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2nd Edition of Epidemiology and Global Health

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 5555

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Enkeleint A. Mechili

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, Vlora Pbox 9401, Albania
Interests: public health; health policy, epidemiology; primary care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Athina E. Patelarou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
Interests: evidence-based nursing; precision healthcare; cardiovascular nursing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Evridiki Patelarou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Head of Nursing Department, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 714 10 Iraklio, Greece
Interests: public health; health policy, epidemiology; primary care; health education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is a great pleasure to introduce this Special Issue entitled “2nd Edition of Epidemiology and Global Health”. A disease that appears in a special geographic area can present anywhere. Currently, discussing global health issues is of a higher importance than ever. In order to improve global health, the United Nations have included a third sustainable development goal that focuses on “Good Health and Well-Being”. The global health community is dealing with many health challenges such as non-communicable diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases), drug resistance, health inequalities, immunisation, communicable diseases, suicide, air pollution and climate change, and healthy ageing, etc. The COVID-19 pandemic has made it clearer than ever that collaboration between countries and coordinated work is needed to address health challenges. This Special Edition aims to present aspects of contemporary health issues in terms of both its epidemiology aspect as well as their general impact on global health. This edition is not focused on a specific geographic area, while the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods is welcome. Additionally, articles that focus on social and cultural determinants of health, on measurement of health status and healthcare systems are of high priority. To some extent, articles that use interdisciplinary approach and aim to change the health behaviour through education are welcome.

Dr. Enkeleint A. Mechili
Dr. Athina E. Patelarou
Dr. Evridiki Patelarou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • global health
  • epidemiology
  • health status
  • healthcare systems
  • qualitative approach
  • quantitative approach
  • mix methods
  • health education
  • health determinants
  • air pollution
  • climate change
  • reproductive & child health
  • healthy ageing
  • pandemic
  • COVID-19
  • health policy
  • tobacco use

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 824 KiB  
Article
IEUBK Modeling of Children’s Blood Lead Levels in Homes Served by Private Domestic Wells in Three Illinois Counties
by Sarah Keeley, Samuel Dorevitch, Walton Kelly, David E. Jacobs and Sarah D. Geiger
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(3), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030337 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1378
Abstract
Lead is known to impair neurocognitive development in children. Drinking water is routinely monitored for lead content in municipal systems, but private well owners are not required to test for lead. The lack of testing poses a risk of lead exposure and resulting [...] Read more.
Lead is known to impair neurocognitive development in children. Drinking water is routinely monitored for lead content in municipal systems, but private well owners are not required to test for lead. The lack of testing poses a risk of lead exposure and resulting health effects to rural children. In three Illinois counties, we conducted a cross-sectional study (n = 151 homes) examining water lead levels (WLLs), water consumption, and water treatment status to assess risk of lead exposure among residents using private water wells. Since blood lead levels (BLLs) were not available, EPA’s Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) modeling was used to estimate the incremental contribution of WLL to BLL, holding all other sources of lead at their default values. Nearly half (48.3%) of stagnant water samples contained measurable lead ranging from 0.79 to 76.2 µg/L (median= 0.537 µg/L). IEUBK modeling showed BLLs rose from 0.3 to 0.4 µg/dL when WLLs rose from 0.54 µg/L (the tenth percentile) to 4.88 µg/L (the 90th percentile). Based on IEUBK modeling, 18% of children with a WLL at the 10th percentile would have a BLL above 3.5 µg/dL compared to 27.4% of those with a WLL at the 90th percentile. These findings suggest that the consumption of unfiltered well water likely results in increased blood lead levels in children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Epidemiology and Global Health)
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16 pages, 491 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Consumer Mobility Patterns and COVID-19 Transmission in the US
by Joseph Zuccarelli, Laura Seaman and Kevin Rader
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21010067 - 07 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1516
Abstract
The initial outbreak of COVID-19 during late December 2019 and the subsequent global pandemic markedly changed consumer mobility patterns worldwide, largely in response to government-ordered non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). In this study, we investigate these changes as they relate to the initial spread of [...] Read more.
The initial outbreak of COVID-19 during late December 2019 and the subsequent global pandemic markedly changed consumer mobility patterns worldwide, largely in response to government-ordered non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). In this study, we investigate these changes as they relate to the initial spread of COVID-19 within two states—Massachusetts and Michigan. Specifically, we use linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models to quantify the relationship between four NPIs and individuals’ point-of-sale (POS) credit card transactions, as well as the relationship between subsequent changes in POS transactions and county-level COVID-19 case growth rates. Our analysis reveals a significant negative association between NPIs and daily POS transactions, particularly a dose–response relationship, in which stringent workplace closures, stay-at-home requirements, and gathering restrictions were all associated with decreased POS transactions. We also uncover a significant positive association between 12-day lagged changes in POS transactions compared to pre-pandemic baselines and county-level COVID-19 case growth rates. Overall, our study supports previous findings that early NPIs reduced human mobility and COVID-19 transmission in the US, providing policymakers with quantitative evidence concerning the effectiveness of NPIs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Epidemiology and Global Health)
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10 pages, 336 KiB  
Article
Association of Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Health-Related Behaviors in Stroke Patients
by Rezarta Lalo, Ilirjana Zekja and Fatjona Kamberi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3693; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043693 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1531
Abstract
Brain stroke continues to be a leading cause of mortality and disability in both developed and developing countries, with higher healthcare costs due to the long-term care and rehabilitation that it incurs. The purpose of the current study was to assess the association [...] Read more.
Brain stroke continues to be a leading cause of mortality and disability in both developed and developing countries, with higher healthcare costs due to the long-term care and rehabilitation that it incurs. The purpose of the current study was to assess the association between brain stroke patients’ health-related behaviors and their risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to August 2022 in the Vlora district regional hospital in Albania. The study included 150 out of 170 participants who met the necessary criteria, achieving an 88% response rate. Measurement tools included the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Scale (FRS) and the Lifestyle Health Promotion Profile II (HPLP II). Results: The patients’ average age was 65.9 ± 9.04 years. Over 65% of the stroke patients suffer from diabetes, and 47% from hypertension. About 31% of them have a high risk of hyperlipidemia (mean TC = 179 ± 28.5). About 32% of the brain stroke patients manifested unhealthy behaviors, while 84% of them had a high risk of cardiovascular disease (FRS = 19.5 ± 0.53). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was statistically associated with stress management behaviors (p = 0.008; OR = 0.20; CI = 95%). This risk was highest in the over-70 age group as well as in men. Conclusion: Brain stroke patients had a high probability of developing CVD. For better health among stroke patients, new evidence-based behavior change approaches must be introduced into preventative and management programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Epidemiology and Global Health)

Other

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18 pages, 701 KiB  
Systematic Review
Navigating Diabetes: Enhancing Self-Management through Education among Diabetic People at the Early Stages of the Disease—A Systematic Review
by Emirjona Kiçaj, Aurela Saliaj, Rudina Çerçizaj, Vasilika Prifti, Sonila Qirko and Liliana Rogozea
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(5), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050522 - 23 Apr 2024
Viewed by 552
Abstract
Diabetes self-management education helps to improve health outcomes and qualities of life for diabetic patients. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of several types of diabetes self-management education for patients at the early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A review of [...] Read more.
Diabetes self-management education helps to improve health outcomes and qualities of life for diabetic patients. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of several types of diabetes self-management education for patients at the early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A review of studies that have researched the use and impacts of health education on diabetic patients with T2DM was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, Elsevier, JSTORE, Walters Kluwer, and the Cochrane Library between January 2017 and November 2022. We found 789 studies, and after selecting the PRISMA flowchart, we selected 19 studies, including those of 2512 adult patients diagnosed with T2DM. Biomedical results presented the pooled effect of a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of −0.64% and a fasting blood glucose (FBG) of −0.32. Emotional and social results and behavioral effects were evaluated in 10 and nine studies, respectively. The education and support of diabetic patients at the early stages of the disease impact various aspects, including the biomedical profile, lifestyle, emotional and social well-being, and anthropometric parameters. Among the factors that have been identified to enhance the effectiveness of educational interventions are the following: conducting individualized sessions (or at least in small groups of patients), extending the duration of interventions by at least 12 months, adopting a combined approach that includes both face-to-face and online components, and ensuring the involvement of a multidisciplinary healthcare team. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Epidemiology and Global Health)
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