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Nursing and Society

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Care Sciences & Services".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 183078

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elena Fernández-Martínez

E-Mail
Guest Editor
SALBIS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, Universidad de León, 24401 León, Spain
Interests: nursing; well-being; quality of life; emotional intelligence; engagement; society; health; care; lifestyle changes; salutogenesis; health promotion
Dr. Lisa Alves Gomes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Department of Nursing, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Interests: chronic disease; health literacy; health promotion; rehabilitation; cardiac rehabilitation; emotional competence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Cristina Liébana-Presa

E-Mail
Guest Editor
SALBIS Research group, Department of Nursing, Universidad de León, Spain
Interests: nursing; well-being; quality of life; emotional intelligence; engagement; burnout; society; health; care; lifestyle changes; health promotion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite papers to this Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health that will explore the contribution of nurses to society. The year 2020 has been considered by the World Health Organization has the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife. This serves as an incentive for this Special Issue, to support the visibility of the contribution of nurses to society, emphasizing the crucial role of nurses in achieving greater attention to community health and the social and environmental determinants that intervene in the health of the population.

Nurses are at the heart of most health teams, playing an essential role in health promotion, as well as in disease prevention and treatment. Because they are the health professionals closest to the population, they play a special role in the development of new models of community care and support the efforts made at the local level to promote health and prevent disease.

For this Special Issue, we invite you to submit articles on high-quality original research or reviews that provide new robust discoveries broadening current knowledge. All manuscripts will be reviewed by experts in the field, and must be submitted no later than 1 March 2021.

Dr. Elena Fernández-Martínez
Dr. Lisa Alves Gomes
Dr. Cristina Liébana-Presa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nurse
  • society
  • health promotion
  • well-being
  • care
  • nursing

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Published Papers (31 papers)

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11 pages, 329 KiB  
Article
Personal Tools and Psychosocial Resources of Resilient Gender-Based Violence Women
by Rebeca García Montes, Inmaculada Corral Liria, Raquel Jimenez Fernandez, Rocío Rodriguez Vázquez, Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo and Marta Losa Iglesias
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8306; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168306 - 5 Aug 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2211
Abstract
Gender-based violence is considered a serious social and public health problem. Overcoming this situation implies a process that results in the favorable biopsychosocial rehabilitation of the resilience of women. The objective of this study was to analyze the tools, resources and personal and [...] Read more.
Gender-based violence is considered a serious social and public health problem. Overcoming this situation implies a process that results in the favorable biopsychosocial rehabilitation of the resilience of women. The objective of this study was to analyze the tools, resources and personal and psychosocial mechanisms used by women survivors of gender-based violence. The design was an interpretative phenomenology. It was carried out with 22 women who have overcome gender-based violence. Data were collected through personal interviews and narration. The results were grouped into four themes: “Process of violence”, “Social resources for coping and overcoming GBV”, “Personal tools for coping and overcoming GBV” and “Feelings identified, from the abuse stage to the survival stage”. Several studies concluded that overcoming abuse is influenced by the women’s social network, and it can be the action of these people determining their survival to gender violence. Despite the recognized usefulness of these available resources, it would be desirable to strengthen them in order to be able to drive more women toward survival, assuming a strengthening of coping and overcoming, without forgetting the importance of other support mechanisms, such as their family and group therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
11 pages, 352 KiB  
Article
Use of the Barthel Index to Assess Activities of Daily Living before and after SARS-COVID 19 Infection of Institutionalized Nursing Home Patients
by Bibiana Trevissón-Redondo, Daniel López-López, Eduardo Pérez-Boal, Pilar Marqués-Sánchez, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Emmanuel Navarro-Flores, Raquel Jiménez-Fernández, Inmaculada Corral-Liria, Marta Losa-Iglesias and Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(14), 7258; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147258 - 7 Jul 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4189
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activities of daily living (ADLs) using the Barthel Index before and after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and also to determine whether or not the results varied according [...] Read more.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activities of daily living (ADLs) using the Barthel Index before and after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and also to determine whether or not the results varied according to gender. The ADLs of 68 cohabiting geriatric patients, 34 men and 34 women, in two nursing homes were measured before and after SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)) infection. COVID-19 infection was found to affect the performance of ADLs in institutionalized elderly in nursing homes, especially in the more elderly subjects, regardless of sex. The COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to having claimed many victims, especially in the elderly population, has led to a reduction in the abilities of these people to perform their ADLs and caused considerable worsening of their quality of life even after recovering from the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
11 pages, 346 KiB  
Article
Implementing a Care Pathway for Complex Chronic Patients from a Nursing Perspective: A Qualitative Study
by Rosario Fernández-Peña, Carmen Ortego-Maté, Francisco José Amo-Setién, Tamara Silió-García, Antoni Casasempere-Satorres and Carmen Sarabia-Cobo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(12), 6324; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126324 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3076
Abstract
A care pathway constitutes a complex care strategy for decision-making and the organization of processes in the care of complex chronic patients, avoiding the fragmentation of care. Health professionals play a decisive role in the implementation, development, and evaluation of care pathways. This [...] Read more.
A care pathway constitutes a complex care strategy for decision-making and the organization of processes in the care of complex chronic patients, avoiding the fragmentation of care. Health professionals play a decisive role in the implementation, development, and evaluation of care pathways. This study sought to explore nurses’ opinions on the care pathway for complex chronic patients three years after its implementation. The study participants were thirteen nurses with different roles who were involved in the care pathway. Thematic content analysis of the semi-structured interviews resulted in four major themes: (a) the strengths of the route; (b) the impact of the route on caregivers; (c) the weaknesses of the route; and (d) the future of the route. Overall, the pathway was positively valued for the benefits it provides to patients, the caregiver, and the administration of professional health care. Participants voiced their concerns regarding: communication and coordination difficulties among professionals across the different levels of care, the need for improved teamwork and consensus among professionals at the same center, and human and material resources. The ongoing evaluation and monitoring of facilitators and barriers is necessary throughout the implementation process, to ensure continuity and quality of care in the health system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
11 pages, 2438 KiB  
Article
Friendship and Consumption Networks in Adolescents and Their Relationship to Stress and Cannabis Use Intention
by María Cristina Martínez-Fernández, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Elena Fernández-Martínez, Lisa Gomes and Isaías García-Rodríguez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(7), 3335; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073335 - 24 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2776
Abstract
Background: Cannabis is an illegal psychoactive substance that’s use is widespread among adolescents. During adolescence, many changes can cause stress. In this phase, the group of friends becomes increasingly important, being a situation of vulnerability for the beginning of cannabis use, either as [...] Read more.
Background: Cannabis is an illegal psychoactive substance that’s use is widespread among adolescents. During adolescence, many changes can cause stress. In this phase, the group of friends becomes increasingly important, being a situation of vulnerability for the beginning of cannabis use, either as an escape mechanism or due to peer’s influence. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the structure of the consumption and friendship network, the intention to use cannabis, and the stress in a secondary school class. Methods: An online platform with validated self-reported questionnaires were used for data collection. Results: The sample consisted of adolescents (n = 20) aged 14–16 from a third-year class of compulsory secondary education in Ponferrada (León, Spain). Significant differences were obtained concerning consumption intention and the different network metrics in both the friendship and consumption networks. Subsequently, the representation of these networks was carried out. Conclusions: Social Network Analysis is a very useful tool that provides a picture of the context in which adolescents are located. In the consumption network, there are central actors who have not yet consumed cannabis; this is a crucial moment to implement prevention strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
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10 pages, 747 KiB  
Article
Heart Disease, Now What? Improving Quality of Life through Education
by Lisa Gomes, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Beatriz Araújo, Fátima Marques and Elena Fernández-Martínez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(6), 3077; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063077 - 17 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3083
Abstract
Introduction: The management of chronic illness assumes a level of demand for permanent care and reaches a priority dimension in the health context. Given the importance of nursing care to post-acute coronary syndrome patients, the objective of this study is to evaluate the [...] Read more.
Introduction: The management of chronic illness assumes a level of demand for permanent care and reaches a priority dimension in the health context. Given the importance of nursing care to post-acute coronary syndrome patients, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention program on quality of life in patients after acute coronary syndrome. Method: Quasi-experimental study with two groups: an experimental group exposed to the educational intervention program and the control group without exposure to the educational intervention program. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between both groups (p < 0.001). Although only valid for the specific group of subjects studied, the educational intervention program enabled significant gains in quality of life. Conclusions: According to the findings of the study, a systematized and structured educational program, integrated into the care organization and based on transition processes, is effective in developing self-care skills and improves the quality of life in patients after acute coronary syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
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12 pages, 372 KiB  
Article
Study of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Nursing Work Environments in Primary Care in Spain
by Vicente Gea-Caballero, José Ramón Martínez-Riera, Pedro García-Martínez, Jorge Casaña-Mohedo, Isabel Antón-Solanas, María Virtudes Verdeguer-Gómez, Iván Santolaya-Arnedo and Raúl Juárez-Vela
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020434 - 7 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4172
Abstract
Background: Nursing work environments are defined as the characteristics of the workplace that promote or hinder the provision of professional care by nurses. Positive work environments lead to better health outcomes. Our study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of primary health [...] Read more.
Background: Nursing work environments are defined as the characteristics of the workplace that promote or hinder the provision of professional care by nurses. Positive work environments lead to better health outcomes. Our study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of primary health care settings in Spain. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out from 2018 to 2019. We used the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and the TOP10 Questionnaire of Assessment of Environments in Primary Health Care for data collection. The associations between sociodemographic and professional variables were analyzed. Results: In total, 702 primary care nurses participated in the study. Responses were obtained from 14 out of the 17 Spanish Autonomous Communities. Nursing foundation for quality of care, management and leadership of head nurse and nurse–physician relationship were identified as strengths, whereas nurse participation in center affairs and adequate human resources to ensure quality of care were identified as weaknesses of the nursing work environment in primary health care. Older nurses and those educated to doctoral level were the most critical in the nursing work environments. Variables Age, Level of Education and Managerial Role showed a significant relation with global score in the questionnaire. Conclusion: Interventions by nurse managers in primary health care should focus on improving identified weaknesses to improve quality of care and health outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
15 pages, 369 KiB  
Article
Translation and First Pilot Validation Study of the “Undergraduate Nursing Student Academic Satisfaction Scale” Questionnaire to the Spanish Context
by María Dolores Guerra-Martín, Alejandro Cano-Orihuela, Raúl Martos-García and José Antonio Ponce-Blandón
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020423 - 7 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3534
Abstract
Satisfaction helps nursing students to develop skills and improve their academic performance, hence the importance of assessing it by means of a reliable instrument. The objective was to translate and culturally adapt the “Undergraduate Nursing Student Academic Satisfaction Scale” (UNSASS) instrument to the [...] Read more.
Satisfaction helps nursing students to develop skills and improve their academic performance, hence the importance of assessing it by means of a reliable instrument. The objective was to translate and culturally adapt the “Undergraduate Nursing Student Academic Satisfaction Scale” (UNSASS) instrument to the Spanish context. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 354 fourth-year nursing students from University of Seville, Seville, Spain. The validation process was carried out in five phases as follows: direct translation, synthesis of the translations, back translation, consolidation by a panel of experts, and pilot test with nursing students. After two rounds among two expert committees, the Content Validity Index (CVI) varied from 0.85 to 1, obtaining a CVI above 0.8 with the global questionnaire. A scale composed of 48 items and 4 subscales was obtained, resulting in a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.96. Within the subscales, this coefficient varied between 0.92 and 0.94. No statistically significant differences were found between the total satisfaction of the scale and gender and teaching unit. An inversely proportional relationship was found between the age and the “Support & Resources” scale. The “Escala de Satisfacción Académica del Estudiante de Enfermería” (ESAEE) scale was obtained, translated, and adapted to the Spanish context from the UNSASS scale, with satisfactory consistency and validity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
16 pages, 365 KiB  
Article
Living with the Memories—Parents’ Experiences of Their Newborn Child Undergoing Heart Surgery Abroad: A Qualitative Study
by Ólöf Kristjánsdóttir, Annica Sjöström-Strand and Gudrún Kristjánsdóttir
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(23), 8840; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238840 - 28 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2797
Abstract
Parents of children with a congenital heart defect needing complex heart surgery are at high risk of developing health problems. One can assume that parents whose child undergoes heart surgery abroad will undoubtably face added and unique stressors and health vulnerabilities. The aim [...] Read more.
Parents of children with a congenital heart defect needing complex heart surgery are at high risk of developing health problems. One can assume that parents whose child undergoes heart surgery abroad will undoubtably face added and unique stressors and health vulnerabilities. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the transition experiences of parents of children who underwent a complex heart surgery abroad as newborns 1–5 years ago. The qualitative content analysis methodology by Graneheim and Lundman was used. A purposive sample of twelve parents, whose child had undergone a heart surgery abroad, participated in face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. The overarching theme of “living with the memories” emerged from parents’ experiences, emphasizing the long-lasting impact this stressful event had on their lives. These experiences were characterized by four main categories: (1) being in an unknown situation; (2) feeling connected; (3) wishing to be accepted; and (4) finding closure. The findings show that the transition of having a newborn child undergo heart surgery abroad superimposed on the expected parenthood. That parents need to feel connected and included as legitimate clients was highlighted in their stories of experienced vulnerabilities. The results highlight the need for interdisciplinary teams to support these vulnerable families, particularly with follow-up care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
13 pages, 348 KiB  
Article
Physical Activity, Resilience, Sense of Coherence and Coping in People with Multiple Sclerosis in the Situation Derived from COVID-19
by María Mercedes Reguera-García, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Lorena Álvarez-Barrio, Lisa Alves Gomes and Elena Fernández-Martínez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8202; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218202 - 6 Nov 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3893
Abstract
The confinement forced by COVID-19 can have repercussions on the health of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationships between physical activity, a sense of coherence, resilience and coping among people diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis [...] Read more.
The confinement forced by COVID-19 can have repercussions on the health of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationships between physical activity, a sense of coherence, resilience and coping among people diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis during the health emergency situation. To achieve this goal, this transversal descriptive study included 84 patients that belonged to multiple sclerosis associations during the period of confinement. Participants filled out the Physical Activity (IPAQ-SF), Sense of Coherence (SOC-13), Resilience Scale (ER-14) and coping (COPE-28) questionnaires. The results showed that the average age was 46.9 and that 67.9% had Relapsing Remittent Multiple Sclerosis diagnosed on average 13.9 years ago. They had a high degree (33.3%) and moderate degree (34.5%) of physical activity, high levels of resilience, while the level of a sense of coherence was average and the most commonly used strategies for coping were active confrontation and religion. Physical activity was not related to the rest of the studied variables, but there were correlations between the other variables. The people with multiple sclerosis who belong to patient associations have remained physically active during the obligatory confinement period and have elevated degrees of resilience and an average sense of coherence, as well as using suitable coping strategies, which is why the social-health resource of belonging to a patient association could be boosting these variables that are beneficial to their health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
9 pages, 487 KiB  
Article
Daylight Saving Time and Spontaneous Deliveries: A Case–Control Study in Italy
by Rosaria Cappadona, Sara Puzzarini, Vanessa Farinelli, Piergiorgio Iannone, Alfredo De Giorgi, Emanuele Di Simone, Roberto Manfredini, Rosita Verteramo, Pantaleo Greco, María Aurora Rodríguez Borrego, Fabio Fabbian and Pablo Jesús López Soto
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8091; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218091 - 3 Nov 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2215
Abstract
(1) Background: Although the current literature shows that daylight saving time (DST) may play a role in human health and behavior, this topic has been poorly investigated with reference to Obstetrics. The aim of this case–control study was to evaluate whether DST may [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Although the current literature shows that daylight saving time (DST) may play a role in human health and behavior, this topic has been poorly investigated with reference to Obstetrics. The aim of this case–control study was to evaluate whether DST may influence the number of spontaneous deliveries. (2) Methods: A low-risk pregnancy cohort with spontaneous onset of labor (n = 7415) was analyzed from a single Italian region for the period 2016–2018. Primary outcome was the number of spontaneous deliveries. Secondary outcomes were: gestational age at delivery, type and time of delivery, use of analgesia, birth weight, and 5-min Apgar at delivery. We compared the outcomes in the two weeks after DST (cases) to the two weeks before DST (controls). (3) Results: Data showed no significant difference between the number of deliveries occurring before and after DST (Chi-square = 0.546, p = 0.46). Vaginal deliveries at any gestational age showed no statistical difference between the two groups (Chi-square = 0.120, p = 0.73). There were no significant differences in the secondary outcomes, as well. (4) Conclusions: DST has neither a significant impact on the number of deliveries nor on the obstetric variables investigated by this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
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12 pages, 750 KiB  
Article
Use of Neurodynamic or Orthopedic Tension Tests for the Diagnosis of Lumbar and Lumbosacral Radiculopathies: Study of the Diagnostic Validity
by Francisco Javier González Espinosa de los Monteros, Gloria Gonzalez-Medina, Elisa Maria Garrido Ardila, Juan Rodríguez Mansilla, José Paz Expósito and Petronila Oliva Ruiz
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(19), 7046; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197046 - 26 Sep 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 7139
Abstract
Background: Lumbar radiculopathy is a nerve root disorder whose correct diagnosis is essential. The objective of the present study was to analyze the reliability diagnostic validity of eight neurodynamic and/or orthopedic tension tests using magnetic resonance imaging as the Gold Standard. Methods: An [...] Read more.
Background: Lumbar radiculopathy is a nerve root disorder whose correct diagnosis is essential. The objective of the present study was to analyze the reliability diagnostic validity of eight neurodynamic and/or orthopedic tension tests using magnetic resonance imaging as the Gold Standard. Methods: An epidemiological study of randomized consecutive cases which was observational, descriptive, transversal, double blinded and was conducted following the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) declaration. The sample size was 864 participants. Internal and external validity (CI = 95%) and reliability, were calculated for all tests performed independently. The diagnostic validity of the combined and multiple tests in parallel was also calculated. Results: The analysis indicated that only two tests performed independently had external validity, but neither had reliability or precision. The Straight Leg Raise test and the Bragard test performed in a multiple parallel way showed high sensitivity (97.40%), high negative predictive value (PV− 96.64%) and external validity (Likelihood Ratio− 0.05). The combined test of the Slump test and the Dejerine’s triad had internal and external validity. Conclusions: The Straight Leg Raise test and the Bragard test performed in a multiple parallel way and the combined test of the Slump Test and the Dejerine’s triad have clinical validity to discard lumbar or lumbar-sacral radiculopathy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
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13 pages, 359 KiB  
Article
Spanish Validation of the “User Reported Measure of Care Coordination” Questionnaire for Older People with Complex, Chronic Conditions
by Ester Risco, Glòria Sauch, Anna Albero, Nihan Acar-Denizli, Adelaida Zabalegui, Belchin Kostov, Paloma Amil, Albert Alonso, Ana Rios, Jaume Martín and Núria Fabrellas
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(18), 6608; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186608 - 11 Sep 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3589
Abstract
Introduction: Older people with complex, chronic conditions often receive insufficient or inefficient care provision, and few instruments are able to measure their perception of care provision. The “User Reported Measure of Care Coordination” instrument has been satisfactorily used to evaluate chronic care provision [...] Read more.
Introduction: Older people with complex, chronic conditions often receive insufficient or inefficient care provision, and few instruments are able to measure their perception of care provision. The “User Reported Measure of Care Coordination” instrument has been satisfactorily used to evaluate chronic care provision and integration. The aim of this study is to validate this instrument in Spanish. Methods: The questionnaire was adapted and validated in two phases: translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire and psychometric property measurement. Study population were chronic care conditions patients. Results: A total of 332 participants completed test re-test as part of the questionnaire validation process. The final version of the questionnaire had 6 domains: Health and Well-being (D1), Health day to day (D2), Social Services (D3), Planned Care (D4), Urgent Care (D5), and Hospital Care (D6). Cronbach’s alpha for the overall questionnaire was 0.86, indicating good internal consistency. When analyzing each domain, only Planned Care (D4) and Urgent Care (D5) had Cronbach’s Alphas slightly lower than 0.7, although this could be related to the low number of items in each domain. A good temporal stability was observed for the distinct subscales and items, with intraclass correlation coefficients varying from 0.412 to 0.929 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The adapted version of the “User Reported Measure of Care Coordination” into Spanish proved to be a practical tool for use in our daily practice and an efficient instrument for assessment of care coordination in chronic, complex conditions in older people across services and levels of care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
9 pages, 317 KiB  
Article
Sex Differences in Frail Older Adults with Foot Pain in a Spanish Population: An Observational Study
by Emmanuel Navarro-Flores, Carlos Romero-Morales, Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa-Vallejo, David Rodríguez-Sanz, Patricia Palomo-López, Daniel López-López, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias and César Calvo-Lobo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(17), 6141; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176141 - 24 Aug 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3002
Abstract
Frailty is a condition that can increase the risk of falls. In addition, foot pain can influence older adults and affect their frail condition. The main objective was to measure the frailty degree in older adults in a Spanish population with foot pain [...] Read more.
Frailty is a condition that can increase the risk of falls. In addition, foot pain can influence older adults and affect their frail condition. The main objective was to measure the frailty degree in older adults in a Spanish population with foot pain from moderate to severe. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A sample of people older than 60 years (n = 52), including 26 males and 26 females, were recruited, and frailty disability was measured using the 5-Frailty scale and the Edmonton Frailty scale (EFS). Results: Spearman’s correlation coefficients were categorized as weak (rs ≤ 0.40), moderate (0.41 ≤ rs ≥ 0.69), or strong (0.70 ≤ rs ≥ 1.00). There was a statistically significant correlation for the total score (p < 0.001) and most of the subscales of the 5-Frailty scale compared with the EFS, except for Mood (p > 0.05). In addition, females and males showed similar 5-Frailty and Edmonton Frail scales scores with no difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Foot pain above 5 points, i.e., from moderate to severe, does not affect the fragility more in one sex than another. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
11 pages, 635 KiB  
Article
Individual Circadian Preference, Shift Work, and Risk of Medication Errors: A Cross-Sectional Web Survey among Italian Midwives
by Rosaria Cappadona, Emanuele Di Simone, Alfredo De Giorgi, Benedetta Boari, Marco Di Muzio, Pantaleo Greco, Roberto Manfredini, María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego, Fabio Fabbian and Pablo Jesús López-Soto
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(16), 5810; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165810 - 11 Aug 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2963
Abstract
Background: In order to explore the possible association between chronotype and risk of medication errors and chronotype in Italian midwives, we conducted a web-based survey. The questionnaire comprised three main components: (1) demographic information, previous working experience, actual working schedule; (2) individual chronotype, [...] Read more.
Background: In order to explore the possible association between chronotype and risk of medication errors and chronotype in Italian midwives, we conducted a web-based survey. The questionnaire comprised three main components: (1) demographic information, previous working experience, actual working schedule; (2) individual chronotype, either calculated by Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ); (3) self-perception of risk of medication error. Results: Midwives (n = 401) responded “yes, at least once” to the question dealing with self-perception of risk of medication error in 48.1% of cases. Cluster analysis showed that perception of risk of medication errors was associated with class of age 31–35 years, shift work schedule, working experience 6–10 years, and Intermediate-type MEQ score. Conclusions: Perception of the risk of medication errors is present in near one out of two midwives in Italy. In particular, younger midwives with lower working experience, engaged in shift work, and belonging to an Intermediate chronotype, seem to be at higher risk of potential medication error. Since early morning hours seem to represent highest risk frame for female healthcare workers, shift work is not always aligned with individual circadian preference. Assessment of chronotype could represent a method to identify healthcare personnel at higher risk of circadian disruption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
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14 pages, 494 KiB  
Article
Nursing Students’ Experiences of Clinical Practices in Emergency and Intensive Care Units
by María González-García, Alberto Lana, Paula Zurrón-Madera, Yolanda Valcárcel-Álvarez and Ana Fernández-Feito
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(16), 5686; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165686 - 6 Aug 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 8580
Abstract
Clinical practices are key environments for skill acquisition during the education of nursing students, where it is important to encourage reflective learning. This study sought to explore the experience of final year nursing students during their clinical placement in emergency and intensive care [...] Read more.
Clinical practices are key environments for skill acquisition during the education of nursing students, where it is important to encourage reflective learning. This study sought to explore the experience of final year nursing students during their clinical placement in emergency and intensive care units and to identify whether differences exist between female and male students. Using qualitative methodology, a documentary analysis of 28 reflective learning journals was carried out at a public university in Northern Spain. Four themes were identified: “an intense emotional experience”, “the importance of attitudes over and above techniques”, “identifying with nurses who dominate their environment and are close to the patient in complex and dehumanized units” and “how to improve care in critically ill patients and how to support their families”. The female students displayed a more emotional and reflective experience, with a strong focus on patient care, whereas male students identified more with individual aspects of learning and the organization and quality of the units. Both male and female students experienced intense emotions, improved their learning in complex environments and acquired attitudes linked to the humanization of care. However, the experience of these clinical rotations was different between female and male students. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
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15 pages, 370 KiB  
Article
Experiences of Nursing Students during the Abrupt Change from Face-to-Face to e-Learning Education during the First Month of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain
by Antonio Jesús Ramos-Morcillo, César Leal-Costa, José Enrique Moral-García and María Ruzafa-Martínez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(15), 5519; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155519 - 30 Jul 2020
Cited by 184 | Viewed by 24604
Abstract
The current state of alarm due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the urgent change in the education of nursing students from traditional to distance learning. The objective of this study was to discover the learning experiences and the expectations about the [...] Read more.
The current state of alarm due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the urgent change in the education of nursing students from traditional to distance learning. The objective of this study was to discover the learning experiences and the expectations about the changes in education, in light of the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education, of nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor’s and Master’s degree of two public Spanish universities during the first month of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative study was conducted during the first month of the state of alarm in Spain (from 25 March–20 April 2020). Semi-structured interviews were given to students enrolled in every academic year of the Nursing Degree, and nurses who were enrolled in the Master’s programs at two public universities. A maximum variation sampling was performed, and an inductive thematic analysis was conducted. The study was reported according with COREQ checklist. Thirty-two students aged from 18 to 50 years old participated in the study. The interviews lasted from 17 to 51 min. Six major themes were defined: (1) practicing care; (2) uncertainty; (3) time; (4) teaching methodologies; (5) context of confinement and added difficulties; (6) face-to-face win. The imposition of e-learning sets limitations for older students, those who live in rural areas, with work and family responsibilities and with limited electronic resources. Online education goes beyond a continuation of the face-to-face classes. Work should be done about this for the next academic year as we face an uncertain future in the short-term control of COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
11 pages, 852 KiB  
Article
Relief Alternatives during Resuscitation: Instructions to Teach Bystanders. A Randomized Control Trial
by María José Pujalte-Jesús, César Leal-Costa, María Ruzafa-Martínez, Antonio Jesús Ramos-Morcillo and José Luis Díaz Agea
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(15), 5495; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155495 - 30 Jul 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2320
Abstract
To analyze the quality of resuscitation (CPR) performed by individuals without training after receiving a set of instructions (structured and unstructured/intuitive) from an expert in a simulated context, the specific objective was to design a simple and structured CPR learning method on-site. An [...] Read more.
To analyze the quality of resuscitation (CPR) performed by individuals without training after receiving a set of instructions (structured and unstructured/intuitive) from an expert in a simulated context, the specific objective was to design a simple and structured CPR learning method on-site. An experimental study was designed, consisting of two random groups with a post-intervention measurement in which the experimental group (EG) received standardized instructions, and the control group (CG) received intuitive or non-standardized instructions, in a public area simulated scenario. Statistically significant differences were found (p < 0.0001) between the EG and the CG for variables: time needed to give orders, pauses between chest compressions and ventilations, depth, overall score, chest compression score, and chest recoil. The average depth of the EG was 51.1 mm (SD 7.94) and 42.2 mm (SD 12.04) for the CG. The chest recoil median was 86.32% (IQR 62.36, 98.87) for the EG, and 58.3% (IQR 27.46, 84.33) in the CG. The use of a sequence of simple, short and specific orders, together with observation-based learning makes possible the execution of chest compression maneuvers that are very similar to those performed by rescuers, and allows the teaching of the basic notions of ventilation. The structured order method was shown to be an on-site learning opportunity when faced with the need to maintain high-quality CPR in the presence of an expert resuscitator until the arrival of emergency services. Full article
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14 pages, 381 KiB  
Article
Increase in Video Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions about Their Implementation and Adequate Management
by Diana Jiménez-Rodríguez, Azucena Santillán García, Jesús Montoro Robles, María del Mar Rodríguez Salvador, Francisco José Muñoz Ronda and Oscar Arrogante
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(14), 5112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145112 - 15 Jul 2020
Cited by 81 | Viewed by 10224
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, health care modalities such as video consultations have been rapidly developed to provide safe health care and to minimize the risk of spread. The purpose of our study is to explore Spanish healthcare professionals’ perceptions about the [...] Read more.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, health care modalities such as video consultations have been rapidly developed to provide safe health care and to minimize the risk of spread. The purpose of our study is to explore Spanish healthcare professionals’ perceptions about the implementation of video consultations. Based on the testimonies of 53 professionals, different categories emerged related to the four identified themes: benefits of video consultations (for professionals, patients, and the health system, and compared to phone calls), negative aspects (inherent to new technologies and the risk of a perceived distancing from the professional), difficulties associated with the implementation of video consultations (technological difficulties, lack of technical skills and refusal to use video consultation among professionals and patients), and the need for training (technological, nontechnical, and social-emotional skills, and adaptation of technical skills). Additionally, the interviewees indicated that this new modality of health care may be extended to a broader variety of patients and clinical settings. Therefore, since video consultations are becoming more widespread, it would be advisable for health policies and systems to support this modality of health care, promoting their implementation and guaranteeing their operability, equal access and quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
12 pages, 735 KiB  
Article
Association between Health Problems and Turnover Intention in Shift Work Nurses: Health Problem Clustering
by Jison Ki, Jaegeum Ryu, Jihyun Baek, Iksoo Huh and Smi Choi-Kwon
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(12), 4532; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124532 - 24 Jun 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 6244
Abstract
Shift work nurses experience multiple health problems due to irregular shifts and heavy job demands. However, the comorbidity patterns of nurses’ health problems and the association between health problems and turnover intention have rarely been studied. This study aimed to identify and cluster [...] Read more.
Shift work nurses experience multiple health problems due to irregular shifts and heavy job demands. However, the comorbidity patterns of nurses’ health problems and the association between health problems and turnover intention have rarely been studied. This study aimed to identify and cluster shift work nurses’ health problems and to reveal the associations between health problems and turnover intention. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 500 nurses who worked at two tertiary hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. Data, including turnover intention and nine types of health issues, were collected between March 2018 and April 2019. Hierarchical clustering and multiple ordinal logistic regressions were used for the data analysis. Among the participants, 22.2% expressed turnover intention and the mean number of health problems was 4.5 (range 0–9). Using multiple ordinal logistic regressions analysis, it was shown that sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, a gastrointestinal disorder, and leg or foot discomfort as a single health problem significantly increased turnover intention. After clustering the health problems, four clusters were identified and only the neuropsychological cluster—sleep disturbance, fatigue, and depression—significantly increased turnover intention. We propose that health problems within the neuropsychological cluster must receive close attention and be addressed simultaneously to decrease nurse’s turnover intentions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
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9 pages, 310 KiB  
Article
Association of Happiness and Nursing Work Environments with Job Crafting among Hospital Nurses in South Korea
by Sujin Chang, Kihye Han and Yongae Cho
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(11), 4042; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114042 - 5 Jun 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4221
Abstract
Nurses are key professionals in healthcare sectors, whose job attitude is closely associated with patient health outcomes and safety. Job crafting describes how workers shape their tasks to find a sense of meaning and value in their work. This study aimed to examine [...] Read more.
Nurses are key professionals in healthcare sectors, whose job attitude is closely associated with patient health outcomes and safety. Job crafting describes how workers shape their tasks to find a sense of meaning and value in their work. This study aimed to examine the associations of happiness at the individual level and nursing work environments at the organizational level with job crafting among hospital nurses in Korea. This cross-sectional study analyzed survey data from 220 nurses working in four Korean hospitals. Multiple linear regression modeling was used to examine associations among the study variables. Nurses who were satisfied with their lives were significantly more likely to exhibit higher levels of job crafting (B = 0.07, p < 0.001). Nursing work environments had no significant association with nurses’ job crafting. In comparison with nurses working in general units, operating room nurses were significantly less likely to craft their job (B = −0.35, p = 0.001). Organizational support should be established to improve nurses’ happiness and job crafting. Hospitals should provide various opportunities for education and training to strengthen job crafting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
15 pages, 1787 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Comorbidities in Individuals Diagnosed and Undiagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease in León, Spain and a Proposal for Contingency Procedures to Follow in the Case of Emergencies Involving People with Alzheimer’s Disease
by Macrina Tortajada-Soler, Leticia Sánchez-Valdeón, Marta Blanco-Nistal, José Alberto Benítez-Andrades, Cristina Liébana-Presa and Enrique Bayón-Darkistade
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3398; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103398 - 13 May 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4838
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which is the most common type of dementia is characterized by mental or cognitive disorders. People suffering with this condition find it inherently difficult to communicate and describe symptoms. As a consequence, both detection and treatment of comorbidities [...] Read more.
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which is the most common type of dementia is characterized by mental or cognitive disorders. People suffering with this condition find it inherently difficult to communicate and describe symptoms. As a consequence, both detection and treatment of comorbidities associated with Alzheimer’s disease are substantially impaired. Equally, action protocols in the case of emergencies must be clearly formulated and stated. Methods: We performed a bibliography search followed by an observational and cross-sectional study involving a thorough review of medical records. A group of AD patients was compared with a control group. Each group consisted of 100 people and were all León residents aged ≥65 years. Results: The following comorbidities were found to be associated with AD: cataracts, urinary incontinence, osteoarthritis, hearing loss, osteoporosis, and personality disorders. The most frequent comorbidities in the control group were the following: eye strain, stroke, vertigo, as well as circulatory and respiratory disorders. Comorbidities with a similar incidence in both groups included type 2 diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, depression, obesity, arthritis, and anxiety. We also reviewed emergency procedures employed in the case of an emergency involving an AD patient. Conclusions: Some comorbidities were present in both the AD and control groups, while others were found in the AD group and not in the control group, and vice versa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
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10 pages, 325 KiB  
Article
Barriers and Facilitators Perceived by Spanish Experts Concerning Nursing Research: A Delphi Study
by Alberto González-García, Ana Díez-Fernández, Noelia Martín-Espinosa, Diana P. Pozuelo-Carrascosa, Rubén Mirón-González and Montserrat Solera-Martínez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(9), 3224; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093224 - 6 May 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3442
Abstract
The identification of research priorities in line with current health needs and nursing competencies is a priority. Nevertheless, barriers and facilitators perceived by nurses to performing nursing research have scarcely been investigated. The main aim of this study was to explore the situation [...] Read more.
The identification of research priorities in line with current health needs and nursing competencies is a priority. Nevertheless, barriers and facilitators perceived by nurses to performing nursing research have scarcely been investigated. The main aim of this study was to explore the situation in nursing research in Spain, as perceived by Spanish experts. A Delphi study technique in two phases was applied using an online survey tool. A panel of 20 nursing experts in nursing, teaching and management positions participated. The strengths highlighted were the possibility of reaching the PhD level, the possibility of receiving continuous training in research methodology, and access to scientific knowledge through the Internet. The weaknesses identified were the lack of Spanish nursing journals in which to publish the research results, the lack of funding in nursing care research, and the lack of connection between the healthcare institutions and the university. According to the experts, elements that could enhance leadership in research are the creation of nursing research units in hospitals, the economic recognition of nurses with PhDs, and considering research work as part of their daily tasks in clinical settings. The idea of being subordinated to physicians still remains in nurses’ ways of thinking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
15 pages, 383 KiB  
Article
Nurse Manager Core Competencies: A Proposal in the Spanish Health System
by Alberto González García, Arrate Pinto-Carral, Jesús Sanz Villorejo and Pilar Marqués-Sánchez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(9), 3173; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093173 - 2 May 2020
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 9228
Abstract
Nurses who are capable of developing their competencies appropriately in the field of management are considered fundamental to the sustainability and improvement of health outcomes. These core competencies are the critical competencies to be developed in specific areas. There are different core competencies [...] Read more.
Nurses who are capable of developing their competencies appropriately in the field of management are considered fundamental to the sustainability and improvement of health outcomes. These core competencies are the critical competencies to be developed in specific areas. There are different core competencies for nurse managers, but none in the Spanish health system. The objective of this research is to identify the core competencies needed for nurse managers in the Spanish health system. The research was carried out using the Delphi method to reach a consensus on the core competencies and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine construct validity, reducing the dimensionality of a dataset by finding the causes of variability in the set and organizing them by importance. A panel of 50 experts in management and healthcare engaged in a four-round Delphi study with Likert scored surveys. We identified eight core competencies from an initial list of 51: decision making, relationship management, communication skills, listening, Leadership, conflict management, ethical principles, collaboration and team management skills. PCA indicated the structural validity of the core competencies by saturation into three components (α Cronbach >0.613): communication, leadership and decision making. The research shows that eight competencies must be developed by the nursing managers in the Spanish health system. Nurse managers can use these core competencies as criteria to develop and plan their professional career. These core competencies can serve as a guideline for the design of nurse managers’ development programs in Spain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
17 pages, 737 KiB  
Article
Analyzing the Job Demands-Control-Support Model in Work-Life Balance: A Study among Nurses in the European Context
by Virginia Navajas-Romero, Antonio Ariza-Montes and Felipe Hernández-Perlines
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2847; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082847 - 21 Apr 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 9382
Abstract
The balance of personal life with professional life is a topical issue that is increasingly worrisome due to globalization, the rapid introduction of new technologies into all areas of human life, the overlap between time between work and family, new organizational systems, and [...] Read more.
The balance of personal life with professional life is a topical issue that is increasingly worrisome due to globalization, the rapid introduction of new technologies into all areas of human life, the overlap between time between work and family, new organizational systems, and changes in the nature of work. This problem is accentuated by professions subjected to intense labor demands, as is the case of nurses. Adopting the Job Demand–Control–Support model, the main purpose of this research is to analyze how these factors lead to a greater or lesser degree of work–life balance. The research proposes a logistic regression model, which was constructed with a sample of 991 nursing professionals from the V European Working Conditions Survey. The results obtained confirm, on the one hand, that there is a significant effect of physical demands (but not psychological demands) on work–life balance. On the other hand, the moderating effects of job control are partially confirmed for psychological demands, and those of supervisor support (but not co-worker support) are partially confirmed for physical demands. In conclusion, the present research shows that effective management of nurses’ work context can decisively contribute to finding the difficult balance between personal and professional time. Full article
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12 pages, 320 KiB  
Article
Workplace Violence and Its Effects on Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress among Mental Healthcare Nurses in Japan
by Yudai Kobayashi, Misari Oe, Tetsuya Ishida, Michiko Matsuoka, Hiromi Chiba and Naohisa Uchimura
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2747; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082747 - 16 Apr 2020
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 8643
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare settings has drawn attention for over 20 years, yet few studies have investigated the association between WPV and psychological consequences. Here, we used a cross-sectional design to investigate (1) the 12-month prevalence of workplace violence (WPV), (2) the [...] Read more.
Workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare settings has drawn attention for over 20 years, yet few studies have investigated the association between WPV and psychological consequences. Here, we used a cross-sectional design to investigate (1) the 12-month prevalence of workplace violence (WPV), (2) the characteristics of WPV, and (3) the relationship between WPV and burnout/secondary traumatic stress among 599 mental healthcare nurses (including assistant nurses) from eight hospitals. Over 40% of the respondents had experienced WPV within the past 12 months. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that occupation and burnout were each significantly related to WPV. Secondary traumatic stress was not related to WPV. Our results suggest that WPV may be a long-lasting and/or cumulative stressor rather than a brief, extreme horror experience and may reflect specific characteristics of psychological effects in psychiatric wards. A longitudinal study measuring the severity and frequency of WPV, work- and non-work-related stressors, risk factors, and protective factors is needed, as is the development of a program that helps reduce the psychological burden of mental healthcare nurses due to WPV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
17 pages, 1322 KiB  
Article
Satisfaction with Social Support Received from Social Relationships in Cases of Chronic Pain: The Influence of Personal Network Characteristics in Terms of Structure, Composition and Functional Content
by Rosario Fernández-Peña, José Luis Molina and Oliver Valero
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2706; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082706 - 15 Apr 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4137
Abstract
The worldwide burden of chronic illnesses, constitutes a major public health concern and a serious challenge for health systems. In addition to the strategies of self-management support developed by nursing and health organizations, an individual’s personal network represents a major resource of social [...] Read more.
The worldwide burden of chronic illnesses, constitutes a major public health concern and a serious challenge for health systems. In addition to the strategies of self-management support developed by nursing and health organizations, an individual’s personal network represents a major resource of social support in the long-term. Adopting a cross-sectional design based on personal network analysis methods, the main aim of this study is to explore the relationship between satisfaction with the social support received by individuals suffering chronic pain and the structure, composition, and functional content in social support of their personal networks. We collected personal and support network data from 30 people with chronic pain (20 person’s contacts (alters) for each individual (ego), 600 relationships in total). Additionally, we examined the level of satisfaction with social support in each of the 600 relationships. Bivariate and multivariate tests were performed to analyze the satisfaction with the social support received. Using cluster analysis, we established a typology of the 600 relationships under study. Results showed that higher satisfaction was associated with a balance between degree centrality and betweenness (i.e., measures of network cohesion and network modularity, respectively). Finally, new lines of research are proposed in order to broaden our understanding of this subject. Full article
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18 pages, 305 KiB  
Article
I Am a Nursing Student but Hate Nursing: The East Asian Perspectives between Social Expectation and Social Context
by Luis Miguel Dos Santos
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(7), 2608; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072608 - 10 Apr 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5060
Abstract
From the East Asian social and cultural perspectives and contexts, this study aimed to understand the relationships and behaviors between nursing students’ sense of filial piety and their decision-making behind selecting nursing education as their major. Forty-two traditional-age nursing students (i.e., six men [...] Read more.
From the East Asian social and cultural perspectives and contexts, this study aimed to understand the relationships and behaviors between nursing students’ sense of filial piety and their decision-making behind selecting nursing education as their major. Forty-two traditional-age nursing students (i.e., six men and 36 women) at their final year of a bachelor’s degree program in nursing were invited. The findings indicated that many nursing students disliked their university major and the potential career pathway as a nursing professional, as none of them selected the major based on their choice and interest. The environmental context and family’s recommendations were the major impacts to influence the decision-making process of the participants. The result also indicated that filial piety, parents’ recommendations, and elderly people’s suggestions were the key factors to influence the selections and decisions of university major and career development pathways. The study provided a blueprint for related staff and professionals to create and design career counselling and services for East Asian youths to enable life investment and development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
15 pages, 804 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Blended Learning in Nursing Education
by María Consuelo Sáiz-Manzanares, María-Camino Escolar-Llamazares and Álvar Arnaiz González
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(5), 1589; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051589 - 1 Mar 2020
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 16596
Abstract
Currently, teaching in higher education is being heavily developed by learning management systems that record the learning behaviour of both students and teachers. The use of learning management systems that include project-based learning and hypermedia resources increases safer learning, and it is proven [...] Read more.
Currently, teaching in higher education is being heavily developed by learning management systems that record the learning behaviour of both students and teachers. The use of learning management systems that include project-based learning and hypermedia resources increases safer learning, and it is proven to be effective in degrees such as nursing. In this study, we worked with 120 students in the third year of nursing degree. Two types of blended learning were applied (more interaction in learning management systems with hypermedia resources vs. none). Supervised learning techniques were applied: linear regression and k-means clustering. The results indicated that the type of blended learning in use predicted 40.4% of student learning outcomes. It also predicted 71.9% of the effective learning behaviors of students in learning management systems. It therefore appears that blended learning applied in Learning Management System (LMS) with hypermedia resources favors greater achievement of effective learning. Likewise, with this type of Blended Learning (BL) a larger number of students were found to belong to the intermediate cluster, suggesting that this environment strengthens better results in a larger number of students. BL with hypermedia resources and project-based learning increase students´ learning outcomes and interaction in learning management systems. Future research will be aimed at verifying these results in other nursing degree courses. Full article
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13 pages, 669 KiB  
Article
Kinesiophobia and Pain Intensity Are Increased by a Greater Hallux Valgus Deformity Degree- Kinesiophobia and Pain Intensity in Hallux Valgus
by Patricia Palomo-López, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Daniel López-López, David Rodríguez-Sanz, Carlos Romero-Morales, César Calvo-Lobo and Victoria Mazoteras-Pardo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(2), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020626 - 18 Jan 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3588
Abstract
Background: Hallux valgus (HV) has been previously associated with psychological disorders. Thus, the purposes of this study were to associate kinesiophobia and pain intensity with HV deformity degrees, as well as predict kinesiophobia and pain intensity based on HV deformity and demographic features. [...] Read more.
Background: Hallux valgus (HV) has been previously associated with psychological disorders. Thus, the purposes of this study were to associate kinesiophobia and pain intensity with HV deformity degrees, as well as predict kinesiophobia and pain intensity based on HV deformity and demographic features. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out recruiting 100 subjects, who were divided into HV deformity degrees, such as I-no HV (n = 25), II-mild (n = 25), III-moderate (n = 25), and IV-severe (n = 25) HV. Kinesiophobia total and domains (activity avoidance and harm) scores and levels were self-reported by the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Pain intensity was self-reported by the numeric rating scale (NRS). Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.132–0.850) were shown for between-groups comparison of kinesiophobia total and domain scores (activity avoidance and harm) and levels, as well as pain intensity among HV deformity degrees. Post hoc comparisons showed statistically significant differences with a large effect size (p < 0.05; d = 0.85–4.41), showing higher kinesiophobia symptoms and levels and pain intensity associated with greater HV deformity degrees, especially for III-moderate and/or IV-severe HV deformity degrees versus I-no HV and/or II-mild deformity degrees. Both statistically significant prediction models (p < 0.05) for kinesiophobia (R2 = 0.300) and pain intensity (R2 = 0.815) were predicted by greater HV deformity degree and age. Conclusions: Greater kinesiophobia symptoms and levels and pain were associated with higher HV deformity degrees, especially severe and/or moderate HV with respect to no and/or mild HV. The kinesiophobia and pain intensity were predicted by greater HV deformity degree and age. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
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Review

Jump to: Research

13 pages, 644 KiB  
Review
Mishel’s Model of Uncertainty Describing Categories and Subcategories in Fibromyalgia Patients, a Scoping Review
by Ana Fernandez-Araque, Julia Gomez-Castro, Andrea Giaquinta-Aranda, Zoraida Verde and Clara Torres-Ortega
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(11), 3756; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113756 - 26 May 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4685
Abstract
The aim of this review was to demonstrate the presence of categories and subcategories of Mishel’s model in the experiences of patients with fibromyalgia by reviewing qualitative studies. Uncertainty is defined as the inability to determine the meaning of disease-related events. A scoping [...] Read more.
The aim of this review was to demonstrate the presence of categories and subcategories of Mishel’s model in the experiences of patients with fibromyalgia by reviewing qualitative studies. Uncertainty is defined as the inability to determine the meaning of disease-related events. A scoping review of qualitative studies was carried out. Twenty articles were included, with sample sizes ranging from 3 to 58 patients. Articles from different countries and continents were included. Three categories of the model and eight subcategories could be shown to be present in the experiences of fibromyalgia patients through the scoping review. The first category, concerning antecedents of uncertainty in patients with fibromyalgia, is constituted by the difficulty in coping with symptoms, uncertainty about the diagnosis and uncertainty about the complexity of the treatment. The second concerns the cognitive process of anxiety, stress, emotional disorder and social stigma. The third category refers to coping with the disease, through the management of social and family support and the relationship with health care professionals. Full article
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14 pages, 781 KiB  
Review
Experiences of Homeless Families in Parenthood: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence
by Filipa Maria Reinhardt Andrade, Amélia Simões Figueiredo, Manuel Luís Capelas, Zaida Charepe and Sérgio Deodato
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2712; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082712 - 15 Apr 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5091
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to identify the available qualitative data and to develop a framework to address the life experiences of homeless families in parenthood. The research was performed in the PubMed and CINAHL Complete databases, for works published in [...] Read more.
The objective of this systematic review was to identify the available qualitative data and to develop a framework to address the life experiences of homeless families in parenthood. The research was performed in the PubMed and CINAHL Complete databases, for works published in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish. Studies that included qualitative data, or both qualitative and quantitative data, were considered for this research. A total of 358 articles were obtained, of which 37 were assessed for eligibility, and 26 were rejected. In the end, 11 studies were selected. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research was used. These studies were conducted mostly in the United States, in temporary/transitional shelters for nuclear or single-parent families (led by women) in a homeless situation. In this context, the area which arose as the more relevant one was mental health, followed by the social studies. Two types of dimensions emerged from the results: mediating dimensions (which include the categories “Insecurity”, “Lack of Privacy”, “Isolation”, “Stigma” and “Disempowerment”) that are responsible for difficulties related to education, and behavioural changes in both the parents and the children; and supporting dimensions (which include the categories “Context as a Facilitator”, “Relationship with Others” and “Parents’ and children’s Self”) that lead to motivation, as well as the acquisition of strategies by the parents, to resolve parenting issues. This research helps expand nursing knowledge and presents a synthesis of the life experiences of homeless families in parenthood. Nursing can respond to the vulnerable population, due to its predominant role in promoting their health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing and Society)
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