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Relationships between Oral Health Management and Systemic Health
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Relationships between Oral Health Management and Systemic Health (Closed)

A topical collection in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This collection belongs to the section "Health Care Sciences".

Viewed by 91672

Editor

Prof. Dr. Yuji Kabasawa

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
Department of Oral Care for Systemic Health Support, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: oral complications of cancer and its management; perioperative oral health care; oral and maxillofacial surgery; oral medicine; oral health care

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral health management first attracted attention as a supportive therapy for cancer treatment and has been actively promoted internationally. Previous clinical studies have shown that professional oral hygiene care can reduce many oral adverse events—mainly oral mucositis, pneumonia and wound infections—the treatment of cancer. Additionally, periodontal disease is a very common oral bacterial infection leading to tooth loss, and this also causes many systemic diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, cerebral infarction, dementia, etc.

Interventions in feeding and swallowing rehabilitation and nutritional management are also important in oral health management. We believe that the close collaboration between medical and dental professionals is a very important factor in determining the quality of oral health management.

This Topical Collection will focus on various aspects of oral health management, such as: (1) oral health management as supportive oncology, (2) perioperative oral health management for the prevention of post-operative complications and improved prognosis of the systemic disease, (3) evidence for mechanisms that may link periodontal diseases and systemic diseases, (4) approaches to oral health management for preventing flails (oral flail) in elderly persons, and (5) the development of devices or assessment tools to improve oral health management. The overall perception of current oral health management strategies will also be discussed.

Prof. Dr. Yuji Kabasawa
Collection Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral health management
  • professional oral hygiene care
  • supportive oncology
  • medical and dental collaboration
  • oral bacterial infection
  • periodontal diseases
  • feeding and swallowing rehabilitation
  • nutritional management

Published Papers (37 papers)

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2022

Jump to: 2021

9 pages, 564 KiB  
Review
Perioperative Management of Dental Surgery Patients Chronically Taking Antithrombotic Medications
by Sylwia Wójcik, Katarzyna Mocny-Pachońska, Sophie Bisch-Wójcik, Agnieszka Balicz and Tadeusz Morawiec
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 16151; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316151 - 2 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1424
Abstract
The development of medicine is based not only on the introduction of new methods of treatment, but also on the use of increasingly effective drugs, including antithrombotic drugs. Drugs that inhibit the activity of platelets (antiplatelet and anti-aggregating drugs) and pharmaceuticals that inhibit [...] Read more.
The development of medicine is based not only on the introduction of new methods of treatment, but also on the use of increasingly effective drugs, including antithrombotic drugs. Drugs that inhibit the activity of platelets (antiplatelet and anti-aggregating drugs) and pharmaceuticals that inhibit the activity of plasma coagulation factors (anticoagulants) are used in antithrombotic therapy. In our daily practice we encounter patients who take chronic antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. However, more and more often we are dealing with patients who are treated with two antiplatelet drugs, an antiplatelet and an anticoagulant or even undergoing triple antithrombotic therapy. When preparing the patient for invasive craniofacial procedures, it should be assessed whether the temporary discontinuation of antithrombotic treatment due to the fear of excessive perioperative bleeding is justified and will not result in life-threatening thromboembolic complications. The authors discuss in detail the medications used in modern antithrombotic treatment and present a perioperative management procedure with a patient who takes l4 z of these medications chronically. Full article
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11 pages, 1681 KiB  
Article
Factors Affecting Masticatory Performance of Older Adults Are Sex-Dependent: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Hee-Eun Kim, Janet Wallace and Woosung Sohn
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15742; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315742 - 26 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1190
Abstract
This cross-sectional study assessed the oral and physical factors contributing to improvement of the masticatory performance of community-dwelling older adults in South Korea. We enrolled 84 healthy older adults (38 men, 46 women; age, 71.40 ± 5.15 years) and assessed their skeletal muscle [...] Read more.
This cross-sectional study assessed the oral and physical factors contributing to improvement of the masticatory performance of community-dwelling older adults in South Korea. We enrolled 84 healthy older adults (38 men, 46 women; age, 71.40 ± 5.15 years) and assessed their skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), functional tooth units (FTUs), and mixing ability index (MAI). Associations between variables were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and the effects of SMI and FTUs on the MAI were evaluated through linear multiple regression. FTUs were positively associated with the MAI in men and women (r = 0.339, p = 0.038 and r = 0.461, p = 0.001, respectively). SMI and FTUs were moderately associated in men (r = 0.459, p = 0.004). MAI showed an approximately 4.4 times increase for each FTU in men (B = 4.442, p = 0.037); however, after the SMI was added, this effect was no longer significant. In women, the MAI increased by about 6.7 times with each FTU (B = 6.685, p = 0.004). FTUs had a significant effect on the MAI only in women with low muscle mass. While there was no significant effect of the SMI on the MAI, its influence should not be overlooked. Full article
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16 pages, 1974 KiB  
Article
Increased Oral Care Needs and Third Molar Symptoms in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Finnish Gestational Diabetes Case–Control Study
by Jenni Pukkila, Sanna Mustaniemi, Shilpa Lingaiah, Olli-Pekka Lappalainen, Eero Kajantie, Anneli Pouta, Risto Kaaja, Johan G. Eriksson, Hannele Laivuori, Mika Gissler, Marja Vääräsmäki and Elina Keikkala
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10711; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710711 - 28 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1618
Abstract
(1) Hyperglycemia and oral pathology accelerate each other in diabetes. We evaluated whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with self-reported increased oral health care needs and oral symptoms, including third molar symptoms, during pregnancy. (2) Pregnant women with (n = 1030) [...] Read more.
(1) Hyperglycemia and oral pathology accelerate each other in diabetes. We evaluated whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with self-reported increased oral health care needs and oral symptoms, including third molar symptoms, during pregnancy. (2) Pregnant women with (n = 1030) and without GDM (n = 935) were recruited in this multicenter Finnish Gestational Diabetes study in 2009–2012. Of the women with GDM, 196 (19.0%) receiving pharmacological treatment, 797 (77.0%) receiving diet treatment and 233 (23.0%) with recurrent GDM were analyzed separately. Oral health was assessed using structured questionnaires and analyzed by multivariable logistic regression adjusted for background risk factors. (3) Women with GDM were more likely to report a higher need for oral care than controls (31.1% vs. 24.5%; odds ratio (OR) 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.69), particularly women with recurrent GDM (38.1% vs. 24.5%; OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.40–2.58). Women with pharmacologically treated GDM (46.9%) more often had third molar symptoms than controls (36.1%; OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.15–2.15) than women with diet-treated GDM (38.0%; OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.07–2.02). (4) GDM is associated with perceived oral care needs. Third molar symptoms were associated with pharmacologically treated GDM. Full article
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10 pages, 333 KiB  
Article
Changes in Nutrition-Intake Method and Oral Health through a Multidisciplinary Team Approach in Malnourished Older Patients Admitted to an Acute Care Hospital
by Hiroyuki Suzuki, Junichi Furuya, Kazuharu Nakagawa, Rena Hidaka, Ayako Nakane, Kanako Yoshimi, Yukue Shimizu, Keiko Saito, Yasuhiro Itsui, Haruka Tohara, Yuji Sato and Shunsuke Minakuchi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 9784; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169784 - 9 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1686
Abstract
Malnourished older inpatients referred to a nutrition support team (NST) usually receive multidisciplinary oral health management during NST intervention. However, the effects of multidisciplinary oral health management on the nutrition-intake method and oral health in these patients remain unclear. This longitudinal study aimed [...] Read more.
Malnourished older inpatients referred to a nutrition support team (NST) usually receive multidisciplinary oral health management during NST intervention. However, the effects of multidisciplinary oral health management on the nutrition-intake method and oral health in these patients remain unclear. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the effects of NST-mediated multidisciplinary oral health management on the nutrition-intake methods, oral health, and the systemic and oral factors influencing the changes in the nutrition-intake method. A total of 117 inpatients (66 men, 51 women, mean age, 71.9 ± 12.5 years) who underwent NST-mediated multidisciplinary oral health management between April 2016 and July 2019 were enrolled. Demographic data and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Dysphagia Severity Scale (DSS), and Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) scores at the time of referral to the NST and completion of the NST intervention were evaluated. After multidisciplinary NST intervention, FOIS, DSS, and OHAT scores showed significant improvements (p < 0.001). Even after adjusting the results for systemic parameters, FOIS score improvement correlated positively with the length of NST intervention (p = 0.030) and DSS score improvement (p < 0.001) as well as OHAT score improvement (p = 0.047). NST interventions with multidisciplinary oral health management could improve the nutrition-intake method. Full article
10 pages, 556 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Amount of Used and the Ease of Oral Care between Liquid and Gel-Type Oral Moisturizers Used with an Oral Care Simulators
by Hiroyuki Suzuki, Junichi Furuya, Chiaki Matsubara, Michiyo Aoyagi, Maki Shirobe, Yuji Sato, Haruka Tohara and Shunsuke Minakuchi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 8158; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138158 - 3 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1589
Abstract
Oral care involving the removal of dry sputum is effective for older patients who require nursing care or hospitalization. However, safe and efficient oral care methods for such patients remain unclear. We aimed to simulate the oral cavity of older adults with dry [...] Read more.
Oral care involving the removal of dry sputum is effective for older patients who require nursing care or hospitalization. However, safe and efficient oral care methods for such patients remain unclear. We aimed to simulate the oral cavity of older adults with dry mouth and elucidate the differences between two moisturization agents, water and gel-like oral moisturizer, and investigate the effect of occupation and experience on the amount of use and the ease of oral care. Using an oral care simulator (MANABOT®, Nissin Dental Products Inc., Kyoto, Japan), 42 students and 48 dental professionals (13 dentists and 35 dental hygienists) performed oral care using moisturization agents to facilitate dry sputum removal. The time required for oral care, amount of water or gel used, amount of pharyngeal inflow, and ease of oral care when using water or gel were compared. The simulations revealed that the amount of use and pharyngeal inflow for gel (2.9 ± 1.6 and 0.3 ± 0.3, respectively) were significantly lower than those for water (6.8 ± 4.1 and 1.2 ± 1.5, respectively) in all participants. Using a gel-like moisturizer might reduce the aspiration risk in older patients requiring nursing care or hospitalization, regardless of occupation and experience. Full article
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12 pages, 893 KiB  
Article
Clinical Benefits of Minimally Invasive Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy as an Alternative of Conventional Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy—A Pilot Study
by Wen-Chen Chung, Chiung-Fang Huang and Sheng-Wei Feng
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7456; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127456 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2758
Abstract
Minimally invasive procedures were introduced in periodontics, which could enhance clinical outcomes and reduce post-operative discomfort. However, minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy (MINST) as an alternative modality of conventional non-surgical root surface debridement has not been clearly evaluated by randomized controlled clinical trial. [...] Read more.
Minimally invasive procedures were introduced in periodontics, which could enhance clinical outcomes and reduce post-operative discomfort. However, minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy (MINST) as an alternative modality of conventional non-surgical root surface debridement has not been clearly evaluated by randomized controlled clinical trial. The present study aimed to investigate clinical outcomes and patients’ comfort feedback of MINST compared to conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy (CNST). Patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were included. Nine out of ten patients were recruited and completed the post-treatment re-evaluation in this study. Randomized split-mouth design, CNST and MINST on each side, was performed. Clinical parameters, including periodontal probing depth (PD), gingival recession (REC), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival bleeding on probing (BOP), were recorded on baseline, 1 month and 3 months post-treatment. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. PD, REC, CAL, and BOP were improved after treatment in both CNST and MINST groups. Comfort feedback and gingival recession showed better outcomes in the MINST group than in the CNST group. No statistical significance of parameters was found between CNST and MINST. Within the limitations, minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy could be an alternative modality of conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy. Further studies are required to establish clinical protocol and evidence of MINST. Full article
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9 pages, 1509 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase as a Novel Biomarker for Severe Periodontitis (Stage III/IV): A Pilot Study
by Ming Yang, Yunjo Soh and Seok-Mo Heo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4113; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074113 - 30 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1835
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by gingival infection, periodontal pocket formation, and alveolar bone loss. Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), an active chitinase enzyme, increased its expression under severe inflammation and related systemic disorders. However, AMCase expression and molecular mechanism in periodontal [...] Read more.
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by gingival infection, periodontal pocket formation, and alveolar bone loss. Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), an active chitinase enzyme, increased its expression under severe inflammation and related systemic disorders. However, AMCase expression and molecular mechanism in periodontal inflammation, have not been elucidated yet. This study was aimed to characterize AMCase in severe periodontitis patients compare to those in periodontally healthy subjects. In total, 15 periodontally healthy subjects and 15 severe (stage III/IV) periodontitis patients were enrolled with their informed consent. Tissue samples were collected and analyzed using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AMCase protein expressions in periodontal patients were significantly more increased than those of periodontally healthy individuals. ELISA resulted in median values (first quartile to third quartile) of the periodontally healthy group 0.654 ng/mL (range, 0.644–0.827 ng/mL) and the periodontitis group 0.965 ng/mL (range, 0.886–1.165 ng/mL). AMCase was expressed significantly higher levels in periodontitis patients than in periodontally healthy individuals (p < 0.05). This suggests that AMCase may play a potential role as a biomarker for the screening and early diagnosis of severe periodontitis. Full article
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17 pages, 400 KiB  
Review
Aseptic Meningitis in Oral Medicine: Exploring the Key Elements for a Challenging Diagnosis: A Review of the Literature and Two Case Reports
by Stefania Leuci, Noemi Coppola, Tiziana Cantile, Elena Calabria, Laurenta Lelia Mihai and Michele Davide Mignogna
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 3919; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073919 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2646
Abstract
Aseptic meningitis (AM) is a potentially severe and life-threatening disease characterized by meningeal inflammation, usually with mononuclear pleocytosis. It represents a challenging and controversial issue in medicine for multiple etiologies, classification, and difficult diagnosis in the face of nonspecific sets of signs and [...] Read more.
Aseptic meningitis (AM) is a potentially severe and life-threatening disease characterized by meningeal inflammation, usually with mononuclear pleocytosis. It represents a challenging and controversial issue in medicine for multiple etiologies, classification, and difficult diagnosis in the face of nonspecific sets of signs and symptoms. In the area of interest of oral medicine, in specific clusters of patients, even if rare, the occurrence of aseptic meningitis can pose a diagnostic and management dilemma in the following potential etiologies: (i) systemic diseases with oral and meningeal involvement, which include Behçet’s disease and Sjögren syndrome; (ii) drug-induced aseptic meningitis; (iii) aseptic viral meningitis, mostly related to herpes simplex virus infection and hand, foot, and mouth disease, caused by enteroviruses. In this review, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methodologies, incidence, treatment, and prognosis for each of these clinical entities are provided. Furthermore, two illustrative case reports are described: a patient suffering from recurrent oral ulcers, in which a sudden onset of AM allows us to diagnose Neuro Behçet’s disease, and a patient affected by pemphigus vulgaris, manifesting a drug-induced AM. Exploring this complex clinical entity scenario, it is clear that an oral medicine specialist has a place on any multidisciplinary team in making such a challenging diagnosis. Full article
11 pages, 793 KiB  
Article
Dentists’ Attitudes toward Diabetes Mellitus Screening in Thai Dental Clinics
by Chanita Tantipoj, Thaksaporn Sirichanyaphong, Jiratchaya Nuntachurat, Kriddichon Ruetaijetjaroen, Narin Hiransuthikul, Patr Pujarern, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip and Siribang-on Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063341 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), especially type 2 DM, has become a common problem worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that chairside screening can effectively identify undetected type 2 DM patients. This study was conducted to determine dentists’ attitudes toward DM screening in dental clinics. A [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus (DM), especially type 2 DM, has become a common problem worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that chairside screening can effectively identify undetected type 2 DM patients. This study was conducted to determine dentists’ attitudes toward DM screening in dental clinics. A total of 632 currently active dentists with more than 1 year of working experience participated. The six-part (importance, barriers, willingness, readiness, knowledge, and routine management) anonymous, self-administered questionnaire of five-point response scales was then distributed. The results illustrated that most dentists (86.3%) realized the importance of DM screening and that patients’ willingness was the main potential barrier (86.4%). Of the respondents, 98.1% and 82.4% were willing to measure blood pressure and weight and height for their patients, whereas only 45.4% and 38.8% were willing to collect blood from the fingertip or oral fluids for salivary diagnostics, respectively. Moreover, 73.7% of respondents were ready to refer patients to physicians, and 59.5% could explain the relationship between DM and oral diseases. However, only 44.3% and 27.9% were prepared to provide education about DM awareness or were able to perform screening, respectively. In addition, 67.2% and 65.8% knew the screening criteria and risk factors of DM, respectively, but only 45.1% knew what to do. The result of our study provided essential knowledge with respect to dentists’ attitudes in the screening for DM in Thai dental clinics. Full article
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9 pages, 329 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Providing Advance Notice and Stress-Coping Traits on Physiological Stress of Patients during Dental Treatment
by Sachi Umemori, Kanako Noritake, Ken-ichi Tonami, Son Hoang Le, Masayo Sunaga, Yasuyuki Kimura, Yuna Kanamori, Ayako Sekiguchi and Hiroshi Nitta
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2540; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052540 - 22 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1441
Abstract
Patients tend to feel stress in association with dental treatment due to uneasiness and fear. We investigated the effects of providing advance notice and stress-coping traits on the physiological stress of patients during dental treatment. Sixty non-dental professionals (male, n = 26; female, [...] Read more.
Patients tend to feel stress in association with dental treatment due to uneasiness and fear. We investigated the effects of providing advance notice and stress-coping traits on the physiological stress of patients during dental treatment. Sixty non-dental professionals (male, n = 26; female, n = 34; mean age, 49.9 years) were recruited for this study and informed consent was obtained. Subjects were given simulated dental treatment including three stimuli, air, percussion and running of an air turbine, with or without advance notice of the stimulation during dental treatment. Real-time sympathetic nerve activity (SN) and parasympathetic nerve activity (PN) during the treatment were measured using a biological information monitor. The stress-coping traits of each subject were examined using the Lazarus-Type Stress Coping Inventory (SCI). Correlations between the nerve-activity and scores of eight stress-coping strategies of SCI and the presence/absence of advance notice were analyzed. Age, types of stimuli and order of stimuli significantly affected SN, while age, types of stimuli, and the pattern of stimulation significantly affected PN. The interaction of the stress-coping trait and presence/absence of advance notice significantly affected PN. Providing advance notice may have different effects on physiological stress depending on how the patient copes with stress. Full article
12 pages, 324 KiB  
Article
Regular Oral Health Management Improved Oral Function of Outpatients with Oral Hypofunction in Dental Hospital: A Longitudinal Study
by Yukiko Hatanaka, Junichi Furuya, Yuji Sato, Risako Taue, Yoshiki Uchida, Toshiharu Shichita and Tokiko Osawa
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042154 - 14 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2030
Abstract
This longitudinal study aimed to clarify the impact of regular oral health management for oral hypofunction on the oral function of older dental outpatients. The 68 participants enrolled in this study were older dental outpatients (mean age 78.5 ± 8.1 years). According to [...] Read more.
This longitudinal study aimed to clarify the impact of regular oral health management for oral hypofunction on the oral function of older dental outpatients. The 68 participants enrolled in this study were older dental outpatients (mean age 78.5 ± 8.1 years). According to the number of declined oral examinations after the first exam, participants were assigned to the oral hypofunction group (Hypo group, ≥3), receiving regular oral health management with a leaflet at the dental clinic, or the pre-oral hypofunction group (Pre-hypo group, ≤2), which served as a control. At the second oral examination, after approximately 6 months to 1 year, the Hypo group showed significant improvement in the tongue-lip motor function (Oral diadochokinesis, ODK) /pa/, /ta/, and masticatory function, while the Pre-hypo group showed significant worsening in oral hygiene and oral wetness. Temporal changes in ODK /pa/, /ta/, and the number of declined examination items were significantly different between the groups. Multiple analysis revealed that the number of improved oral examination items were associated with presence of regular oral health management after adjusting for age, sex, number of visits, measuring period, and dental treatment. Regular comprehensive oral health management for oral hypofunction improves and maintains oral function among older dental outpatients. Full article
11 pages, 336 KiB  
Article
Attitude of Thai Dental Practitioners towards the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Dentistry
by Sasi Laorpipat, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Suraphong Yuma and Chanita Tantipoj
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1878; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031878 - 8 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1720 | Correction
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the attitude of Thai dentists towards the use of botulinum toxin (BTX) in dentistry and the associated factors. An online survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of four parts: demographic data, background knowledge, attitude, and an [...] Read more.
This study aims to investigate the attitude of Thai dentists towards the use of botulinum toxin (BTX) in dentistry and the associated factors. An online survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of four parts: demographic data, background knowledge, attitude, and an open-ended question for further suggestions related to BTX usage in dental patients. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors that affect the decision to use BTX in dentistry, and a content analysis approach was used to describe open-ended suggestion data. We received 444 responses from currently practicing dentists throughout Thailand. Roughly 80% of the participants agreed to the use of BTX in their patients. Most participants were aware that BTX could be used for facial esthetic repairs and bruxism treatment but unaware of other therapeutic benefits. Despite impressively positive attitudes towards BTX use, only 5.9% of the participants had the experience of using BTX in their dental patients. The limit on BTX use is mainly due to the lack of knowledge of related laws and educational resources. In summary, official training courses should be established to promote the safe and legal use of BTX in dentistry in Thailand. Full article
17 pages, 1040 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Clinical and Biological Indicators, Quality of Life, and Oral Health in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study
by Adriana Posada-López, Javier Enrique Botero, Ricardo Antonio Pineda-Tamayo and Andrés A. Agudelo-Suárez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1789; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031789 - 4 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2470
Abstract
Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) has been shown to have systemic effects. It has been suggested that, similar to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), periodontitis (PD) has an impact on general health, in terms of psychological, physical, and social aspects. This study determines the effect of [...] Read more.
Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) has been shown to have systemic effects. It has been suggested that, similar to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), periodontitis (PD) has an impact on general health, in terms of psychological, physical, and social aspects. This study determines the effect of periodontal treatment in RA activity, health-related quality of life, and oral health self-perception before and after periodontal treatment in RA patients. A quasi-experimental, prospective, non-randomized study was conducted, and 52 patients were included in the study. Periodontal parameters and the instruments disease activity score-28 (DAS-28), SF-36, and OHIP-14 were measured at baseline and at 3 months after NSPT. All differences were statistically assessed. The study protocol was registered in Clinical Trials (NCT04658615). No statistically significant differences were found in the scores of DAS-28 before and after the intervention in the group with PD and reduced periodontium. When the effect of periodontal treatment was analyzed in the group of 29 patients who were followed up, it was found that there were statistically significant differences before and after in variables such as psychological distress, emotional role, and mental health, which indicates an improvement in the scores of these variables. NSPT influenced the health-related quality of life measured with SF-36 and OHIP-14 in patients with RA. In conclusion, NSPT has an effect on self-reported quality of life and health indicators more than the RA activity as measured with DAS-28. However, the clinical effect of periodontal treatment in RA patients provides important data to support periodontal care in patients. Full article
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11 pages, 603 KiB  
Article
Cervical Myofascial Pain Is Associated with an Imbalance of Masticatory Muscle Activity
by Michał Ginszt, Jacek Szkutnik, Grzegorz Zieliński, Magdalena Bakalczuk, Małgorzata Stodółkiewicz, Monika Litko-Rola, Apolinary Ginszt, Mansur Rahnama and Piotr Majcher
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1577; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031577 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3654
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the relationship between the occurrence of cervical myofascial pain with active myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) within the upper trapezius muscle and the electromyographic asymmetry index (AsI) of masticatory muscles: temporalis anterior (TA), superficial part of the masseter muscle [...] Read more.
This study aimed to assess the relationship between the occurrence of cervical myofascial pain with active myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) within the upper trapezius muscle and the electromyographic asymmetry index (AsI) of masticatory muscles: temporalis anterior (TA), superficial part of the masseter muscle (MM), and anterior belly of the digastric muscle (DA). The study group comprised 100 subjects (80 women and 20 men) aged 18 to 30 years (mean 23 ± 2.6 years) reporting pain in the neck muscles, diagnosed with myofascial pain with active MTrPs only within the upper trapezius muscle. The control group comprised 60 healthy, pain-free subjects (42 women and 18 men) aged 20 to 30 years (mean 22.8 ± 2.6 years) without MTrPs in the upper trapezius muscle. The palpation measurement, based on the diagnostic criteria of Travell and Simons, was used to diagnose active MTrPs. The masticatory muscle activity was recorded using an 8-channel device for surface electromyography—BioEMG IIITM. Significant differences in electromyographic patterns between the group with MTrPs in the right side of upper trapezius muscle and the control group were observed within resting activity for the AsI TA (MTrPs: 8.64 vs. controls: −3.22; p = 0.001) and AsI MM (MTrPs: 7.05 vs. controls: −2.09; p = 0.018). Controls presented different electromyographic patterns during maximum voluntary clenching with cotton rolls between teeth within masseter muscle compared to the MTrPs group (MTrPs: 9.27 vs. controls: −0.43 vs. p = 0.041). Participants with MTrPs in the left side of upper trapezius muscle presented predomination of left-sided electromyographic patterns at rest within temporalis anterior in comparison to controls (MTrPs: −19.22 vs. controls: −3.22; p = 0.001). MTrPs within the trapezius muscle may be related to asymmetry within the masticatory muscle activity, suggesting that the presence of myofascial pain within the cervical muscles plays a role in the imbalance of the stomatognathic system. A unilateral active MTrPs within the trapezius muscle may increase the sEMG activity on the same side of the temporalis anterior and masseter muscles. Full article
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13 pages, 1929 KiB  
Article
Effects of Periodontal Treatment in Patients with Periodontitis and Kidney Failure: A Pilot Study
by Wen-Chen Chung, Chih-Chin Kao, Chiung-Fang Huang, Chang-Yu Lee, Hsein-Kun Lu and Mai-Szu Wu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1533; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031533 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2057
Abstract
Periodontitis and chronic kidney disease are both chronic inflammatory diseases and share some common risk factors. This 3-month pilot study aimed to clarify whether non-surgical periodontal therapy is beneficial in clinical, biochemical, and microbiological conditions in patients with periodontitis and kidney failure. Kidney [...] Read more.
Periodontitis and chronic kidney disease are both chronic inflammatory diseases and share some common risk factors. This 3-month pilot study aimed to clarify whether non-surgical periodontal therapy is beneficial in clinical, biochemical, and microbiological conditions in patients with periodontitis and kidney failure. Kidney failure patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were recruited from two hospitals. Treatment group received non-surgical periodontal therapy, and control group received oral hygiene instruction only. Outcome assessments were conducted 1 and 3 months after treatment. Non-parametric tests were used to analyze the patient-level data. Periodontal site-level assessments were analyzed by Student t-test and paired t-test. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. A total of 11 subjects completed the study. There was no significant difference between groups in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, infection events, systemic parameters, and serum biomarkers. Comparing to control group, clinical periodontal parameters, gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level and periodontal pathogens showed significant improvement in the treatment group. Non-surgical periodontal treatment did not change systemic outcomes in kidney failure patients, but changed the local micro-environment. Full article
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2021

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11 pages, 801 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Their Families during Orthodontic Treatment
by Inês Francisco, Francisco Caramelo, Maria Helena Fernandes and Francisco Vale
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12826; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312826 - 5 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2153
Abstract
(1) Background: It has been recognized that CLP condition may affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) due to dental anomalies and abnormal craniofacial development. Aim: To assess whether orthodontic treatment affected the levels of OHRQoL in CLP patients and their families. (2) [...] Read more.
(1) Background: It has been recognized that CLP condition may affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) due to dental anomalies and abnormal craniofacial development. Aim: To assess whether orthodontic treatment affected the levels of OHRQoL in CLP patients and their families. (2) Methods: 226 individuals (111 with cleft and 115 control) and their parents were invited to complete the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Family Impact Scale (FIS), respectively. The Mann–Whitney test was used for quantitative variables and the Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient was used to correlate the results of the OHIP and FIS questionnaires. (3) Results: No significant difference was found between groups in OHIP-14 but FIS score revealed a significant difference between the two groups evaluated (p < 0.001). Only the social limitation in OHIP score revealed a significant difference (p = 0.001). Regarding FIS score, the most affected dimensions were family activities (p < 0.001), parental emotions (p = 0.001), and family conflict (p = 0.011). (4) Conclusion: Undergoing orthodontic treatment had a similar impact on the overall quality of life in CLP patients and non-cleft patients. Parents of cleft children had a poorer OHRQoL compared to what was perceived by their children and parents of non-cleft children. Full article
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11 pages, 819 KiB  
Article
Factors Related to Oral Intake of Food by Hospitalized Patients with Malnutrition under the Care of a Nutrition Support Team
by Junichi Furuya, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Rena Hidaka, Kazuharu Nakagawa, Kanako Yoshimi, Ayako Nakane, Kohei Yamaguchi, Yukue Shimizu, Yasuhiro Itsui, Keiko Saito, Yuji Sato, Haruka Tohara and Shunsuke Minakuchi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11725; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111725 - 8 Nov 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2346
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the role of the general condition and oral health status in determining the primary nutritional route and suitable food form for oral ingestion among malnourished inpatients. This cross-sectional study included 255 inpatients referred to a nutrition support team [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the role of the general condition and oral health status in determining the primary nutritional route and suitable food form for oral ingestion among malnourished inpatients. This cross-sectional study included 255 inpatients referred to a nutrition support team (NST), which included dental professionals, at an acute care hospital. We assessed the participants’ basic information, and Dysphagia Severity Scale (DSS) and Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) scores. The nutritional intake mode was evaluated based on the Functional Oral Intake Scale scores at the initial NST consultation (FOIS-I), and then revised by the NST based on the participants’ general condition and oral health (FOIS-R). There was a divergence between FOIS-I and FOIS-R, with FOIS-R being significantly higher than FOIS-I (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis of FOIS-R identified that consciousness level (odds ratio (OR): 0.448; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.214–0.935) and DSS (OR: 3.521; 95% CI: 2.574–4.815) significantly affected the oral nutrition intake. Among participants who could ingest orally (FOIS-R ≥ 3; n = 126), FOIS score had significant negative and positive associations with the OHAT and DSS scores, respectively. These findings suggest that appropriate assessment of oral health status, including swallowing function, might contribute to high-quality nutrition management. Full article
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1 pages, 234 KiB  
Erratum
Erratum: Suwattipong et al. Comparison of Point-of-Care Testing and Hospital-Based Methods in Screening for Potential Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Abnormal Glucose Regulation in a Dental Setting. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6459
by Muneedej Suwattipong, Thitima Thuramonwong, Chanita Tantipoj, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Supanee Thanakun, Weerapan Khovidhunkit and Siribang-on Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11462; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111462 - 31 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1052
Abstract
In the original article [...] Full article
11 pages, 544 KiB  
Article
Association between Improvement of Oral Health, Swallowing Function, and Nutritional Intake Method in Acute Stroke Patients
by Michiyo Aoyagi, Junichi Furuya, Chiaki Matsubara, Kanako Yoshimi, Ayako Nakane, Kazuharu Nakagawa, Motoki Inaji, Yuji Sato, Haruka Tohara, Shunsuke Minakuchi and Taketoshi Maehara
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11379; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111379 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2825
Abstract
Stroke and poor oral health are common in older people, and the brain injuries associated with stroke are often accompanied by a decline in oral function. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of stroke patients who could not recover oral ingestion until [...] Read more.
Stroke and poor oral health are common in older people, and the brain injuries associated with stroke are often accompanied by a decline in oral function. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of stroke patients who could not recover oral ingestion until discharge and the association between improved oral health, swallowing function, and nutritional intake methods in acute care. The subjects were 216 consecutive stroke patients who were admitted to Tokyo Medical and Dental University hospital and received oral health management. Nutritional intake, dysphagia, and oral health were evaluated using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Dysphagia Severity Scale (DSS), and Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), respectively. Patients in the tube feeding group (FOIS level 1–2, N = 68) tended to have a worse general condition, fewer functional teeth, and a worse DSS level than those in the oral nutrition group (FOIS level 3–7, N = 148). Multiple analysis with improvement in FOIS score as the dependent variable showed that number of functional teeth (odds ratio [OR]: 1.08, p = 0.04) and improved DSS (OR: 7.44, p < 0.001) and OHAT values (OR: 1.23, p = 0.048) were associated with improvement in nutritional intake methods in acute care. Therefore, recovery of swallowing function and oral health might be important for stroke patients to recover oral ingestion in acute care. Full article
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10 pages, 913 KiB  
Article
Associations between Oral Hypofunction Tests, Age, and Sex
by Yukiko Hatanaka, Junichi Furuya, Yuji Sato, Yoshiki Uchida, Toshiharu Shichita, Noboru Kitagawa and Tokiko Osawa
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10256; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910256 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3114
Abstract
Oral function declines in older individuals due to disease and age-related changes, making them vulnerable to oral and physical frailty. Therefore, it is important to manage the decline in oral function in older outpatients. Oral hypofunction is diagnosed by seven tests related to [...] Read more.
Oral function declines in older individuals due to disease and age-related changes, making them vulnerable to oral and physical frailty. Therefore, it is important to manage the decline in oral function in older outpatients. Oral hypofunction is diagnosed by seven tests related to oral function, oral hygiene, oral moisture, occlusal force, oral diadochokinesis, tongue pressure, masticatory function, and swallowing function. However, sex or age were not factored into the current reference values of these tests. We included subjects attending the dental hospital clinic for maintenance, and recorded and analyzed oral hypofunction and the factors associated with its diagnosis. Of the 134 outpatients (53 males and 81 females, mean age 75.2 ± 11.2 years), 63% were diagnosed with oral hypofunction. Oral hypofunction prevalence increased significantly with age, and significant variations were observed in all tests. Furthermore, oral hygiene and swallowing function were not associated with oral hypofunction diagnosis. All examined factors decreased with increasing age, even after adjusting sex, except for oral hygiene and moisture. Occlusal force and masticatory function were higher in men after adjusting age. This study suggested that older outpatients were likely to be diagnosed with oral hypofunction, and that the test reference value and their selection for oral hypofunction should be reconsidered. Full article
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8 pages, 1651 KiB  
Case Report
Swallowing Function Evaluation in a Patient with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease with Pro105Leu: A Case Report
by Ayako Nakane, Shohei Hasegawa, Miki Ishii, Tomoe Tamai, Rieko Moritoyo, Mitsuko Saito, Mariko Ando and Haruka Tohara
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(18), 9734; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189734 - 15 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1645
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) is a genetic prion disease. Swallowing function evaluation in patients with GSS remains unclear. Here, we describe a case of videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing (VF) to facilitate continued oral ingestion in a patient with P105L GSS. A 67-year-old woman developed [...] Read more.
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) is a genetic prion disease. Swallowing function evaluation in patients with GSS remains unclear. Here, we describe a case of videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing (VF) to facilitate continued oral ingestion in a patient with P105L GSS. A 67-year-old woman developed gait disturbance and Parkinsonism symptoms at the age of 54 years. Since her family wanted her to continue oral ingestion, we performed VF, which revealed impairment and preservation of the oral and pharyngeal phases, respectively. Moreover, the impairment of the oral phase was improved by adjusting the patient’s posture and food consistency. A swallowing function evaluation based on the condition of a patient with GSS may facilitate continued oral ingestion. Full article
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12 pages, 12086 KiB  
Article
Pilot Model for Community Based Oral Cancer Screening Program: Outcome from 4 Northeastern Provinces in Thailand
by Boworn Klongnoi, Vanvisa Sresumatchai, Siribang-on Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Rachatawan Leelarungsun and Binit Shrestha
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9390; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179390 - 6 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2268
Abstract
Management of advanced-stage oral cancer adds a great burden to individuals and health care systems. Community-based oral cancer screening can be beneficial in early detection and treatment. In this study, a novel oral cancer screening program was conducted utilizing an existing network of [...] Read more.
Management of advanced-stage oral cancer adds a great burden to individuals and health care systems. Community-based oral cancer screening can be beneficial in early detection and treatment. In this study, a novel oral cancer screening program was conducted utilizing an existing network of health care personnel, facilities, and digital database management for efficient coverage of a large population. The screening program considered 392,396 individuals aged ≥40 from four northeastern provinces in Thailand. Three levels of screening were performed: S1 by village healthcare volunteers to identify risk groups, S2 by dental auxiliaries to visually identify abnormal oral lesions, and S3 by dentists for final diagnosis and management. A total of 349,318 individuals were interviewed for S1, and 192,688 were identified as a risk group. For S2, 88,201 individuals appeared, and 2969 were further referred. Out of 1779 individuals who appeared for S3, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) were identified in 544, non-OPMDs in 1047, doubtful lesions in 52, and no results in 136 individuals. Final treatment was carried out in 704 individuals that included biopsies of 504 lesions, exhibiting 25 cancerous lesions and 298 OPMDs. This study is so far one of the largest oral cancer screening programs conducted in Thailand and showed effective implementation of community-based oral cancer screening. Full article
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12 pages, 393 KiB  
Review
Psychological Backgrounds of Medically Compromised Patients and Its Implication in Dentistry: A Narrative Review
by Yoshihiro Abiko, Durga Paudel, Hirofumi Matsuoka, Mitsuru Moriya and Akira Toyofuku
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8792; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168792 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2700
Abstract
The number of medically compromised dental patients is increasing every year with the increase in the super-aged population. Many of these patients have underlying psychiatric problems and diseases, which need to be recognized by dental professionals for better treatment outcomes. The aim of [...] Read more.
The number of medically compromised dental patients is increasing every year with the increase in the super-aged population. Many of these patients have underlying psychiatric problems and diseases, which need to be recognized by dental professionals for better treatment outcomes. The aim of this narrative review article is to summarize the psychological and psychiatric backgrounds of medically compromised patients who are frequently visited and taken care of by dentists using findings from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Anxiety and symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorders, panic disorders, poor cognitive functions, and poor quality of life were some of the common psychological backgrounds in medically compromised patients. Additionally, the consequences of these psychological problems and the considerations that need to be taken by the dentist while treating these patients have been discussed. Dental professionals should be aware of and recognize the different psychological backgrounds of medically compromised dental patients in order to provide appropriate dental treatment and to prevent oral conditions from worsening. Full article
14 pages, 1141 KiB  
Article
The Relationship of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Betel Quid with the Formation of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Community-Based Study from Northeastern Thailand
by Prangtip Worakhajit, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Siribang-on Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit, Pim Chiewwit and Boworn Klongnoi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8738; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168738 - 19 Aug 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3088
Abstract
This study’s objective was to describe the relationship between the main risk factors for oral cancer, including tobacco (in the form of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (SLT), secondhand smoking (SS)), alcohol, and betel quid (BQ), and the occurrence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). [...] Read more.
This study’s objective was to describe the relationship between the main risk factors for oral cancer, including tobacco (in the form of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (SLT), secondhand smoking (SS)), alcohol, and betel quid (BQ), and the occurrence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). A community-based case-control study was conducted with a population of 1448 adults aged 40 years or above in northeastern Thailand. Patients aged 60 years or above (OR 1.79, p < 0.001) and female patients (OR 2.17, p < 0.001) had a significant chance of having OPMDs. Our multivariate analysis showed that the most potent risk factor for OPMDs occurrence was betel quid (BQ) (adjusted OR 4.65, p < 0.001), followed by alcohol (OR 3.40, p < 0.001). Even former users were at risk of developing OPMDs. The synergistic effect between these main risk factors was significantly shown in the group exposed to SLT, SS, BQ, and alcohol. The most potent synergistic effect was found in the group exposed to SLT, BQ and alcohol with the OR = 20.96. Full article
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14 pages, 1115 KiB  
Article
Clinical Outcomes and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life after Periodontal Treatment with Community Health Worker Strategy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study
by Yuan-Jung Hsu, Yi-Hui Chen, Kun-Der Lin, Mei-Yueh Lee, Yu-Li Lee, Chih-Kai Yu, Yuji Kabasawa and Hsiao-Ling Huang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8371; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168371 - 7 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2535
Abstract
Interventions engaging community health workers (CHW) for diabetes management aim to improve diabetes care and self-management behaviors among patients. We evaluated the effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) with the CHW strategy on oral self-care behaviors, periodontal status and oral health-related quality of [...] Read more.
Interventions engaging community health workers (CHW) for diabetes management aim to improve diabetes care and self-management behaviors among patients. We evaluated the effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) with the CHW strategy on oral self-care behaviors, periodontal status and oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The participants were randomly assigned to experimental (EG; n = 35) and control (CG; n = 33) groups. All participants received NSPT, whereas the patients in the EG also received one-on-one 30 min lessons from a CHW over 4 weeks. The EG exhibited greater improvement in the probing pocket depth (β = −0.2, effect size [ES] = 0.61) and clinical attachment level (β = −0.2, ES = 0.59) at 1-month follow-up than the CG did. The ES increased over the 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-ups, indicating an increase in OHQoL (ES = 0.19, 0.60, and 0.62, respectively) in the EG. The patients in the EG were more likely to change their oral self-care behaviors than patients in the CG were. The NSPT with CHW strategy had a positive effect on 1-month periodontal treatment outcomes, long-term OHQoL and oral self-care behaviors in patients with T2DM. Full article
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10 pages, 3180 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Incident Reports of a Dental University Hospital
by Yasuyuki Kimura, Ken-ichi Tonami, Akira Toyofuku and Hiroshi Nitta
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8350; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168350 - 6 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2168
Abstract
Incident reports are important for improving the quality and safety of medical care. Healthcare workers with less than one year of work experience have been reported to cause the most incidents, and the most common incident is “drug-related”. However, few studies have comprehensively [...] Read more.
Incident reports are important for improving the quality and safety of medical care. Healthcare workers with less than one year of work experience have been reported to cause the most incidents, and the most common incident is “drug-related”. However, few studies have comprehensively analyzed incidents in dentistry, and the characteristics of dental incidents have not been understood. In this study, to understand the characteristics of dental incidents, we comprehensively analyzed 1291 incident reports submitted to the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Dental Hospital from April 2014 to March 2019. As a result, dental outpatient and dental wards had different types of incidents. In outpatient wards, incidents included many dentistry-specific incidents related to “procedures”. Among them, “poor physical condition of the patient during dental treatment” was the most common incident. In contrast, the most common incident from subjects with less than one year of work experience was “damage to soft tissues around the teeth”. Thus, to improve the quality and safety in dentistry, it is was considered necessary to analyze and understand the characteristics of dentistry-specific incidents and to take appropriate measures and educate dental professionals. Full article
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15 pages, 3022 KiB  
Article
Oral Bacterial Microbiomes in Association with Potential Prediabetes Using Different Criteria of Diagnosis
by Kornwipa Rungrueang, Suraphong Yuma, Chanita Tantipoj, Siribang-on Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Thitima Thuramonwong, Muneedej Suwattipong and Sirirak Supa-amornkul
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(14), 7436; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147436 - 12 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2180
Abstract
This study aimed to find a potential biomarker that can be used to diagnose prediabetic condition by comparing the salivary bacterial microbiomes between Thai dental patients with normoglycemia (NG) and those with potential prediabetes (PPG) conditions. Thirty-three subjects were randomly recruited. Demographic data [...] Read more.
This study aimed to find a potential biomarker that can be used to diagnose prediabetic condition by comparing the salivary bacterial microbiomes between Thai dental patients with normoglycemia (NG) and those with potential prediabetes (PPG) conditions. Thirty-three subjects were randomly recruited. Demographic data were collected along with oral examination and unstimulated salivary collections. The salivary bacterial microbiomes were identified by high-throughput sequencing on the V3–V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Microbiomes in this study were composed of 12 phyla, 19 classes, 29 orders, 56 families, 81 genera, and 184 species. To check the validity of the selection criterion for prediabetes, we adopted two separate criteria to divide samples into PPG and NG groups using glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. Using the HbA1c level resulted in the significant reduction of Alloprevotella, Neisseria, Rothia, and Streptococcus abundances in PPG compared with those in NG (p-value < 0.05). On the other hand, the abundance of Absconditabacteriales was significantly reduced whereas Leptotrichia, Stomatobaculum, and Ruminococcaceae increased in the PPG group when the samples were classified by the FPG level (p-value < 0.05). It is implied that the group classifying criterion should be carefully concerned when investigating relative abundances between groups. However, regardless of the criteria, Rothia is significantly dominant in the NG groups, suggesting that Rothia might be a potential prediabetic biomarker. Due to the small sample size of this study, further investigation with a larger sample size is necessary to ensure that Rothia can be a potential biomarker for prediabetes in Thai people. Full article
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12 pages, 720 KiB  
Article
Salivary Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Smoking Status Influences the Treatment Effectiveness of Periodontal Disease Patients with Hypertension
by Kun-Tsung Lee, Zhu-Ling Guo, Nai-Chia Teng, Kuei-Ling Christine Hsu, I-Hui Chen, Chang-Yu Lee, Hung-Ming Chang and Yung-Kai Huang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(14), 7364; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147364 - 9 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2665
Abstract
Background: Hypertension and periodontal diseases share several risk factors. Inflammation biomarkers in saliva are related to hypertension and periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to explore the role of the salivary inflammatory biomarkers in the treatment effectiveness of patients with hypertension [...] Read more.
Background: Hypertension and periodontal diseases share several risk factors. Inflammation biomarkers in saliva are related to hypertension and periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to explore the role of the salivary inflammatory biomarkers in the treatment effectiveness of patients with hypertension and periodontal disease. Methods: This observational study enrolled 160 subjects diagnosed with periodontitis, 40 of which had a history of hypertension. All subjects had completed scaling and root planning therapeutic procedures within four weeks. The clinical periodontal parameters (i.e., bleeding on probing, plaque control record (PCR), and probing depth (PD)) were evaluated before and after the treatment. Pro-inflammatory markers were determined using a commercial kit. Results: The recovery rate (PD 4–9 mm) in non-hypertensive subjects was significantly higher than in hypertensive subjects (60.47% vs. 52.60%, respectively; p = 0.04). All clinical parameters, excluding PCR, positively correlated with salivary IL-1β at baseline and after completing treatment. Our results showed that increased salivary IL-1β levels were positively associated with decreased PCR (β = −27.65 and p = 0.05) and PD recovery rate (β = −17.05 and p = 0.02) in hypertensive subjects. Conclusions: The present study sheds important light on the clinical use of salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines as valuable biomarkers for predicting the treatment effectiveness of patients suffering from hypertension and periodontitis. Full article
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12 pages, 449 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Point-of-Care Testing and Hospital-Based Methods in Screening for Potential Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Abnormal Glucose Regulation in a Dental Setting
by Muneedej Suwattipong, Thitima Thuramonwong, Chanita Tantipoj, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Supanee Thanakun, Weerapan Khovidhunkit and Siribang-on Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(12), 6459; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126459 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1957
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the screening methods between point-of-care (POC) testing and hospital-based methods for potential type 2 DM and abnormal glucose regulation (AGR) in a dental setting. A total of 274 consecutive subjects who attended the Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, [...] Read more.
This study aimed to compare the screening methods between point-of-care (POC) testing and hospital-based methods for potential type 2 DM and abnormal glucose regulation (AGR) in a dental setting. A total of 274 consecutive subjects who attended the Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, were selected. Demographic data were collected. HbA1c was assessed using a finger prick blood sample and analyzed with a point-of-care (POC) testing machine (DCA Vantage®). Hyperglycemia was defined as POC HbA1c ≥ 5.7%. Random blood glucose (RBG) was also evaluated using a glucometer (OneTouch® SelectSimple™) and hyperglycemia was defined as RBG ≥ 110 mg/dl or ≥140 mg/dl. The subjects were then sent for laboratory measurements for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c. The prevalence of AGR (defined as FPG ≥ 100 mg/dl or laboratory HbA1c ≥ 5.7%) and potential type 2 DM (defined as FPG ≥ 126 mg/dl or laboratory HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) among subjects was calculated and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed using FPG and HbA1c for the diagnosis of AGR and potential type 2 DM. The prevalence of hyperglycemia defined as POC HbA1c ≥ 5.7%, RBG ≥ 110 mg/dl, and RBG ≥ 140 mg/dl was 49%, 63%, and 32%, respectively. After the evaluation using laboratory measurements, the prevalence of AGR was 25% and 17% using laboratory FPG and HbA1c criteria, respectively. Based on the ROC curves, the performances of POC HbA1c and RBG in predicting FPG-defined potential type 2 DM were high (AUC = 0.99; 95% CI 0.98–0.99 and AUC = 0.94; 95% CI 0.86–1.0, respectively) but lower in predicting AGR (AUC = 0.72; 95% CI 0.67–0.78 and AUC = 0.65; 95% CI 0.59–0.70, respectively). This study suggested that POC testing might be a potential tool for screening of subjects with potential type 2 DM in a dental setting. Full article
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18 pages, 1987 KiB  
Article
Preventive Effects of Sustainable and Developmental Perioperative Oral Management Using the “Oral Triage” System on Postoperative Pneumonia after Cancer Surgery
by Hideki Sekiya, Yasuhiro Kurasawa, Kosuke Kaneko, Ken-ichiro Takahashi, Yutaka Maruoka, Yukihiro Michiwaki, Yoshimasa Takeda and Ryoichi Ochiai
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(12), 6296; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126296 - 10 Jun 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2774
Abstract
Perioperative oral management is widely recognized in the healthcare system of Japan. Conventionally, the surgeon refers patients with oral problems to a dental or oral surgery clinic in the hospital. However, frequent in-house referrals were found to increase the number of incoming patients [...] Read more.
Perioperative oral management is widely recognized in the healthcare system of Japan. Conventionally, the surgeon refers patients with oral problems to a dental or oral surgery clinic in the hospital. However, frequent in-house referrals were found to increase the number of incoming patients resulting in unsustainable situations due to an insufficient workforce. In 2011, the Center for Perioperative Medicine was established at our hospital to function as a management gateway for patients scheduled to undergo surgery under general anesthesia. The “oral triage” system, wherein a dental hygienist conducts an oral screening to select patients who need preoperative oral hygiene and functional management, was established in 2012. A total of 37,557 patients who underwent surgery at our hospital from April 2010 to March 2019 (two years before and seven years after introducing the system) were evaluated in this study. The sustainability and effectiveness of introducing the system were examined in 7715 cancer surgery patients. An oral management intervention rate of 20% and a significant decrease in the incidence of postoperative pneumonia (aOR = 0.50, p = 0.03) indicated that this system could be useful as a sustainable and developmental oral management strategy to manage surgical patients with minimal human resources. Full article
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11 pages, 308 KiB  
Article
Attitude of Physicians towards Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus Screening in Dental Clinics in Thailand
by Manatsara Panakhup, Intouch Lertpanomwan, Chayaphat Pajonklaew, Tawepong Arayapisit, Suraphong Yuma, Patr Pujarern, Tharee Champirat, Naiyana Buranachad, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip and Chanita Tantipoj
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5385; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105385 - 18 May 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2074
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the top causes of death in many places of the world. Diagnosing DM in the early stage is necessary to avoid severe cases and death. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge of association between DM and periodontal [...] Read more.
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the top causes of death in many places of the world. Diagnosing DM in the early stage is necessary to avoid severe cases and death. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge of association between DM and periodontal disease (PD) among Thai physicians and assess their attitudes towards DM screening in dental clinics in Thailand. Methods: Online survey of currently practicing physicians in Thailand was conducted on voluntary basis using the newly developed questionnaire. Result: We received 403 responses that are statistically sufficient to represent the entire population of currently practicing physicians in Thailand. A total of 97.3% of all responses indicate that Thai physicians have knowledge about the association between DM and PD. More than 90% know that DM has an effect on PD; however, 70% know about the effect of untreated PD in DM patients. Most of physicians think that DM screening in dental clinics is important (79.1%) and are ready to accept referred cases for definite DM diagnosis from a dentist (84.1%). The concerned issues among the participants were the accuracy of the test results in DM screening (73%) and ability of a dentist to perform the screening (71.5%). Conclusions: The majority of participating physicians have adequate knowledge about the bidirectional relationship between DM and PD. They have a positive attitude towards DM screening in dental setting. The collaboration between physicians and dental professionals should be established to reduce the number of undiagnosed DM patients and enhance the medical care of DM patients. Full article
11 pages, 786 KiB  
Article
Tooth Loss and Blood Pressure in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: An Exploratory Study on NHANES Data
by Patrícia Lyra, Vanessa Machado, Luís Proença, José João Mendes and João Botelho
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(9), 5032; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18095032 - 10 May 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2736
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate tooth loss severity in PD patients and the impact of missing teeth on blood pressure (BP) and glycated hemoglobin (Hba1c) levels. Methods: All adults reporting specific PD medication regimens with complete dental examinations were included from the NHANES 2001 to [...] Read more.
Objectives: To evaluate tooth loss severity in PD patients and the impact of missing teeth on blood pressure (BP) and glycated hemoglobin (Hba1c) levels. Methods: All adults reporting specific PD medication regimens with complete dental examinations were included from the NHANES 2001 to 2018 databases. Sociodemographic, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and Hba1c data were compared according to tooth loss severity, and linear regression analyses on the impact of tooth loss on SBP, DBP and Hba1c levels were conducted. Results: The 214 included participants presented 9.7 missing teeth, 23.8% severe tooth loss and 18.2% total edentulousness. Severe tooth loss cases were significantly older (p < 0.001), had higher smoking prevalence (p = 0.008), chronic medical conditions (p = 0.012) and higher Hba1c (p = 0.001), SBP (p = 0.015) and DBP (p < 0.001) levels. Crude and adjusted linear models revealed a relationship between SBP, DBP and missing teeth; however, age confounded these links (SBP: B = 0.10, SE = 0.16, p < 0.05; DBP: B = 0.16, SE = 0.10, p < 0.05). Tooth loss presented no significant relationship with Hba1c levels. Conclusions: Severe tooth loss is prevalent among PD patients. Blood pressure levels showed a positive linear relationship with the number of missing teeth, although age was a confounding factor. Furthermore, tooth loss and Hba1c levels revealed no significant linear relationship. Full article
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9 pages, 937 KiB  
Article
Structural Equation Modeling of Tongue Function and Tongue Hygiene in Acute Stroke Patients
by Rena Hidaka, Junichi Furuya, Akira Nishiyama, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Michiyo Aoyagi, Chiaki Matsubara, Yu Yoshizumi, Kanako Yoshimi, Ayako Nakane, Haruka Tohara, Yuji Sato and Shunsuke Minakuchi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(9), 4567; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094567 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2789
Abstract
In acute stroke patients, it is important to maintain tongue hygiene and tongue function for prognosis management. However, the direct relationship between these factors is unclear, since these are often assessed by multiple observables. In this study, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) [...] Read more.
In acute stroke patients, it is important to maintain tongue hygiene and tongue function for prognosis management. However, the direct relationship between these factors is unclear, since these are often assessed by multiple observables. In this study, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, a tool to analyze the relationship between concepts that cannot be measured directly, to analyze the relationship between tongue hygiene and tongue function. The subjects were 73 patients with acute stroke admitted to a university hospital who underwent dental intervention. Age, sex, nutritional intake method, clinical severity classification of dysphagia, number of current teeth, number of functional teeth, oral health, tongue movement, tongue coating, number of microorganisms on the tongue surface, tongue surface moisture level, and tongue pressure were measured at the first visit. SEM analysis showed that the relationship between tongue function and tongue hygiene was 0.05 between tongue function and swallowing function was 0.90, and that between tongue hygiene and swallowing function was 0.09. We found no statistical relationship between tongue function and tongue hygiene in acute stroke patients. However, it was reconfirmed that tongue function is strongly related to feeding and swallowing functions. Full article
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14 pages, 3498 KiB  
Article
Oral Microbiota Changes in Elderly Patients, an Indicator of Alzheimer’s Disease
by Yi-Fan Wu, Wei-Fang Lee, Eisner Salamanca, Wan-Ling Yao, Jo-Ning Su, Sin-Yu Wang, Chaur-Jong Hu and Wei-Jen Chang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(8), 4211; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084211 - 15 Apr 2021
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4835
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually affects older individuals. Owing to the higher incidence of root caries and missing teeth in elderly individuals, the bacteria involved in these dental concerns might potentially deteriorate their cognitive function. Altered microbiota in the [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually affects older individuals. Owing to the higher incidence of root caries and missing teeth in elderly individuals, the bacteria involved in these dental concerns might potentially deteriorate their cognitive function. Altered microbiota in the oral cavity may induce neuroinflammation through migration from the oral cavity to the brain. However, the correlation between the composition of the oral microbiota and neurodegenerative disease remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated sequence to determine the relative abundance and diversity of bacterial taxa in the dental plaque of elderly patients with AD and controls. Oral samples; the DMFT index; and other clinical examination data were collected from 17 patients with AD and 18 normal elderly individuals as the control group. Patients with AD had significantly more missing teeth and higher dental plaque weight but lower microbial diversity than controls. Significantly increased numbers of Lactobacillales, Streptococcaceae, and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and a significantly decreased number of Fusobacterium were observed in patients with AD. In conclusion, using the PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing platform to survey the microbiota dysbiosis biomarkers in the oral cavity of elderly individuals could serve as a tool to identify patients with AD. Full article
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15 pages, 385 KiB  
Article
Oral Health Status, Knowledge, and Behaviours of People with Diabetes in Sydney, Australia
by Prakash Poudel, Rhonda Griffiths, Amit Arora, Vincent W. Wong, Jeff R. Flack, George Barker and Ajesh George
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(7), 3464; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073464 - 26 Mar 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4543
Abstract
This study assessed self-reported oral health status, knowledge, and behaviours of people living with diabetes along with barriers and facilitators in accessing dental care. A cross sectional survey of 260 patients from four public diabetes clinics in Sydney, Australia was undertaken using a [...] Read more.
This study assessed self-reported oral health status, knowledge, and behaviours of people living with diabetes along with barriers and facilitators in accessing dental care. A cross sectional survey of 260 patients from four public diabetes clinics in Sydney, Australia was undertaken using a 35-item questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS software with descriptive and logistic regression analyses. More than half (53.1%) of respondents reported having dental problems which negatively impacted their related quality of life. Less than half (45%) had adequate oral health knowledge. Only 10.8% reported receiving any oral health information in diabetes care settings, which had higher odds of demonstrating adequate oral health knowledge (AOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.06–6.34). Similarly, 62.7% reported seeing a dentist in the last 12 months. Having private health insurance (AOR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.85–7.40) had higher odds of seeing a dentist in the past 12 months. Dental costs were a major contributor to avoiding or delaying dental visit. Patients living with diabetes have unmet oral health needs particularly around the awareness of its importance and access to affordable dental services. Diabetes care providers can play a crucial role in this area by promoting oral health to their patients. Full article
8 pages, 324 KiB  
Article
The Association between Bone Mineral Density and Periodontal Disease in Middle-Aged Adults
by Hsin-Hua Chou, Sao-Lun Lu, Sen-Te Wang, Ting-Hsuan Huang and Sam Li-Sheng Chen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(6), 3321; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063321 - 23 Mar 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3004
Abstract
The association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease (PD) has been revealed by previous studies, but there have been few studies on the association in younger adults. We enrolled a total of 7298 adults aged 40 to 44 who underwent PD screening between 2003 [...] Read more.
The association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease (PD) has been revealed by previous studies, but there have been few studies on the association in younger adults. We enrolled a total of 7298 adults aged 40 to 44 who underwent PD screening between 2003 and 2008. Data on quantitative ultrasound for the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) were collected for the diagnostic criteria of osteopenia and osteoporosis. The Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was measured for defining PD. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of low bone mass on the risk of PD. Of 7298 enrollees, 31% had periodontal pockets >3 mm, 36.2% had osteopenia, and 2.1% had osteoporosis. The 39.8% of PD prevalence was high in adults with osteoporosis, followed by 33.3% in osteopenia. A negative association was found between BMD and CPI value (p < 0.0001). Low bone mass was associated with the risk of PD (adjusted OR: 1.13; 95% CI:1.02–1.26) after adjusting the confounding factors, including age, gender, education level, overweight, smoking status, past history of osteoporosis, and diabetes mellitus. An association between BMD and PD among young adults was found. An intervention program for the prevention of PD and osteoporosis could be considered starting in young adults. Full article
13 pages, 3829 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Mortality and Oral Function of Older People Requiring Long-Term Care in Rural Areas of Japan: A Four-Year Prospective Cohort Study
by Shiho Morishita, Yuki Ohara, Masanori Iwasaki, Ayako Edahiro, Keiko Motokawa, Maki Shirobe, Junichi Furuya, Yutaka Watanabe, Takeo Suga, Yayoi Kanehisa, Akitugu Ohuchi and Hirohiko Hirano
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(4), 1723; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041723 - 10 Feb 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2649
Abstract
Oral ingestion influences the life sustenance, quality of life, and dignity of older adults. Thus, it is an important issue in medical care and the welfare of older adults. The purpose of this four-year prospective cohort study was to investigate the relationship between [...] Read more.
Oral ingestion influences the life sustenance, quality of life, and dignity of older adults. Thus, it is an important issue in medical care and the welfare of older adults. The purpose of this four-year prospective cohort study was to investigate the relationship between mortality and oral function among older adults who required long-term care and were living in different settings in a rural area of Japan. This study included 289 participants aged 65 and older who required long-term care and lived in the former Omorimachi area in Yokote City, Akita Prefecture, located in northern Japan. Following the baseline survey, mortality data were collected over four years; 102 participants (35.3%) died during that time. A significant difference was noted in the overall survival rates between the groups with good and deterioration of oral function such as oral dryness, rinsing ability, swallowing function, and articulation, based on Log-rank test results. After adjusting for various potential confounders using Cox proportional-hazards regression, oral dryness (HR: 1.83, 95% confidence interval: 1.12−3.00) was significantly associated with mortality within four years. This study revealed that oral dryness influences the life prognosis of older adults who receive long-term care in different settings. Full article
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