Molecular Mechanisms and Therapy in Sarcomas

Dear Colleagues,

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors arising from connective tissues, such as bone, muscle, or fat. Over the past few years, various genetic alterations have been described to drive sarcoma development and tumor progression, including structural variations, chromosomal translocations, and epigenetics alterations, in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Understanding their molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing effective therapies and improving patient outcome.

Targeted therapies aimed at specific molecular alterations have shown promise in certain sarcoma subtypes, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, is being explored as a treatment option for sarcomas. However, responses have been limited, highlighting the need for further research to understand the biology of these group of tumors and to identify biomarkers that predict immunotherapy responses and combination approaches. In addition to targeted therapies and immunotherapies, advancements in elucidating the tumor microenvironment and tumor–host interactions have opened up avenues for novel therapeutic strategies. These include approaches to modulate immune responses within the tumor or disrupt the supportive niche that sustains tumor growth.

While progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of sarcomas and developing targeted therapies, challenges remain, including tumor heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms. Continued research efforts aimed at unraveling the intricate molecular pathways driving sarcoma development and progression are crucial for improving treatment outcomes for patients with these rare cancers.

Dr. David S. Moura
Guest Editor

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• sarcoma
• biomarkers
• targeted therapy
• drug combination
• genetics and epigenetics