Urologic Oncology: Recent Advances in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment

Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer, as you well know, comprises 4% of malignancies, and about 1,414,259 people worldwide were diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2020. It is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world and causes 330,000 deaths annually. A team of medical professionals, including radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, radiologists, nuclear medicine specialists and urologists, work together to help patients manage this condition. Treatment options vary based on factors such as cancer type and stage, patient preferences, and potential side effects.

Radiation therapy is a key treatment for prostate cancer. Radiotherapy can be used alone or with other treatments, such as surgery and hormonal therapy, to destroy cancer cells. Benefits of radiotherapy include the preservation of organ function and its effectiveness on all kinds of patients, allowing them to avoid the side effects caused by surgery. The use of AI in prostate radiological diagnosis and radiotherapeutic treatment has shown promising results in optimizing and standardizing patient workflow. AI algorithms can help identify patterns and predict oncological and toxicity outcomes, leading to better clinical decision-making.

Hormono-radiotherapy is the currently accepted treatment for local and locally advanced prostate cancer. Nevertheless, recent developments in radiotherapy, particularly intensity-modulated radiotherapy, molecular imaging-guided radiotherapy, adaptive radiotherapy, and proton therapy, show that image-guided MRI therapy can reduce the long-term toxicity of radiation therapy and improve efficacy. Lastly, the immune system plays a vital role in fighting these cancers, and we have a lot of data with promising results for recurrent or metastatic prostate cancers, where an addictive effect was demonstrated with radiotherapy in oligometastatic patients, particularly.

For this Special Issue, I invite you to submit research papers, reviews, cancer biomarkers, and professional opinions that discuss the topic of local, locally advanced, and metastatic prostate cancers.

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• urologic oncology
• oncologic radiotherapy
• radiodiagnosis
• radiomics
• precision medicine