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Stress Research in Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts
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Stress Research in Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Genomics, Genetics and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 3902

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. István Pócsi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
2. Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, HUN-REN, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: fungal stress biology; microbial biotechnology; omics techniques; antimycotics; mycotoxins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fungal stress biology is an important but still relatively understudied field of mycology. Regardless of their lifestyle, fungi often face harsh environmental conditions to which they must adapt in order to survive. Fungi are remarkably successful in adapting to a wide spectrum of environmental stress conditions, which allows them to occupy a wide range of ecological niches. This Special Issue aims to expand and summarize today's knowledge regarding the elements and regulation of fungal stress defense systems, covering both general and taxon-specific features. In addition, this Special Issue aims to focus on new results promoting innovative applied research in various fields, including the development of highly stress-resistant industrial strains, new types of antifungal agents, and new technologies that increase the safety of the feed and food chain. It is hoped that this Special Issue will provide all interested parties with an authentic and comprehensive picture of the current and future trends in fungal stress biology research.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Microorganisms.

Prof. Dr. István Pócsi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Fungi is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fungal stress biology
  • environmental stress
  • stress sensing, signaling and adaptation
  • stress defense system
  • new-type antimycotics
  • industrial strain development
  • food chain safety

Published Papers (4 papers)

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23 pages, 4911 KiB  
Article
Aspergillus nidulans gfdB, Encoding the Hyperosmotic Stress Protein Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase, Disrupts Osmoadaptation in Aspergillus wentii
by Veronika Bodnár, Károly Antal, Ronald P. de Vries, István Pócsi and Tamás Emri
J. Fungi 2024, 10(4), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10040291 - 16 Apr 2024
Viewed by 474
Abstract
The genome of the osmophilic Aspergillus wentii, unlike that of the osmotolerant Aspergillus nidulans, contains only the gfdA, but not the gfdB, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Here, we studied transcriptomic changes of A. nidulans (reference strain and ΔgfdB [...] Read more.
The genome of the osmophilic Aspergillus wentii, unlike that of the osmotolerant Aspergillus nidulans, contains only the gfdA, but not the gfdB, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Here, we studied transcriptomic changes of A. nidulans (reference strain and ΔgfdB gene deletion mutant) and A. wentii (reference strain and An-gfdB expressing mutant) elicited by high osmolarity. A. nidulans showed a canonic hyperosmotic stress response characterized by the upregulation of the trehalose and glycerol metabolism genes (including gfdB), as well as the genes of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) map kinase pathway. The deletion of gfdB caused only negligible alterations in the transcriptome, suggesting that the glycerol metabolism was flexible enough to compensate for the missing GfdB activity in this species. A. wentii responded differently to increased osmolarity than did A. nidulans, e.g., the bulk upregulation of the glycerol and trehalose metabolism genes, along with the HOG pathway genes, was not detected. The expression of An-gfdB in A. wentii did not abolish osmophily, but it reduced growth and caused much bigger alterations in the transcriptome than did the missing gfdB gene in A. nidulans. Flexible glycerol metabolism and hence, two differently regulated gfd genes, may be more beneficial for osmotolerant (living under changing osmolarity) than for osmophilic (living under constantly high osmolarity) species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress Research in Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts)
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18 pages, 3169 KiB  
Article
The Oxidative Stress Response Highly Depends on Glucose and Iron Availability in Aspergillus fumigatus
by Tamás Emri, Károly Antal, Kinga Varga, Barnabás Csaba Gila and István Pócsi
J. Fungi 2024, 10(3), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10030221 - 18 Mar 2024
Viewed by 754
Abstract
Pathogens have to cope with oxidative, iron- and carbon(glucose)-limitation stresses in the human body. To understand how combined iron–carbon limitation alters oxidative stress responses, Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured in glucose–peptone or peptone containing media supplemented or not with deferiprone as an iron chelator. [...] Read more.
Pathogens have to cope with oxidative, iron- and carbon(glucose)-limitation stresses in the human body. To understand how combined iron–carbon limitation alters oxidative stress responses, Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured in glucose–peptone or peptone containing media supplemented or not with deferiprone as an iron chelator. Changes in the transcriptome in these cultures were recorded after H2O2 treatment. Responses to oxidative stress were highly dependent on the availability of glucose and iron. Out of the 16 stress responsive antioxidative enzyme genes, only the cat2 catalase–peroxidase gene was upregulated in more than two culturing conditions. The transcriptional responses observed in iron metabolism also varied substantially in these cultures. Only extracellular siderophore production appeared important regardless of culturing conditions in oxidative stress protection, while the enhanced synthesis of Fe-S cluster proteins seemed to be crucial for oxidative stress treated iron-limited and fast growing (glucose rich) cultures. Although pathogens and host cells live together in the same place, their culturing conditions (e.g., iron availability or occurrence of oxidative stress) can be different. Therefore, inhibition of a universally important biochemical process, like Fe-S cluster assembly, may selectively inhibit the pathogen growth in vivo and represent a potential target for antifungal therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress Research in Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts)
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16 pages, 2367 KiB  
Article
An Evolved Strain of the Oleaginous Yeast Rhodotorula toruloides, Multi-Tolerant to the Major Inhibitors Present in Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates, Exhibits an Altered Cell Envelope
by Mónica A. Fernandes, Marta N. Mota, Nuno T. Faria and Isabel Sá-Correia
J. Fungi 2023, 9(11), 1073; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9111073 - 02 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1310
Abstract
The presence of toxic compounds in lignocellulosic hydrolysates (LCH) is among the main barriers affecting the efficiency of lignocellulose-based fermentation processes, in particular, to produce biofuels, hindering the production of intracellular lipids by oleaginous yeasts. These microbial oils are promising sustainable alternatives to [...] Read more.
The presence of toxic compounds in lignocellulosic hydrolysates (LCH) is among the main barriers affecting the efficiency of lignocellulose-based fermentation processes, in particular, to produce biofuels, hindering the production of intracellular lipids by oleaginous yeasts. These microbial oils are promising sustainable alternatives to vegetable oils for biodiesel production. In this study, we explored adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), under methanol- and high glycerol concentration-induced selective pressures, to improve the robustness of a Rhodotorula toruloides strain, previously selected to produce lipids from sugar beet hydrolysates by completely using the major C (carbon) sources present. An evolved strain, multi-tolerant not only to methanol but to four major inhibitors present in LCH (acetic acid, formic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, and furfural) was isolated and the mechanisms underlying such multi-tolerance were examined, at the cellular envelope level. Results indicate that the evolved multi-tolerant strain has a cell wall that is less susceptible to zymolyase and a decreased permeability, based on the propidium iodide fluorescent probe, in the absence or presence of those inhibitors. The improved performance of this multi-tolerant strain for lipid production from a synthetic lignocellulosic hydrolysate medium, supplemented with those inhibitors, was confirmed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress Research in Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts)
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15 pages, 3223 KiB  
Article
Global Transcriptomic Changes Elicited by sodB Deletion and Menadione Exposure in Aspergillus nidulans
by Klaudia Pákozdi, Tamás Emri, Károly Antal and István Pócsi
J. Fungi 2023, 9(11), 1060; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9111060 - 30 Oct 2023
Viewed by 943
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutases (MnSODs) play a pivotal role in the preservation of mitochondrial integrity and function in fungi under various endogenous and exogenous stresses. Deletion of Aspergillus nidulans mnSOD/SodB increased oxidative stress sensitivity and apoptotic cell death rates as well as affected antioxidant [...] Read more.
Manganese superoxide dismutases (MnSODs) play a pivotal role in the preservation of mitochondrial integrity and function in fungi under various endogenous and exogenous stresses. Deletion of Aspergillus nidulans mnSOD/SodB increased oxidative stress sensitivity and apoptotic cell death rates as well as affected antioxidant enzyme and sterigmatocystin productions, respiration, conidiation and the stress tolerance of conidiospores. The physiological consequences of the lack of sodB were more pronounced during carbon starvation than in the presence of glucose. Lack of SodB also affected the changes in the transcriptome, recorded by high-throughput RNA sequencing, in menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)-exposed, submerged cultures supplemented with glucose. Surprisingly, the difference between the global transcriptional changes of the ΔsodB mutant and the control strain were relatively small, indicating that the SodB-dependent maintenance of mitochondrial integrity was not essential under these experimental conditions. Owing to the outstanding physiological flexibility of the Aspergilli, certain antioxidant enzymes and endogenous antioxidants together with the reduction in mitochondrial functions compensated well for the lack of SodB. The lack of sodB reduced the growth of surface cultures more than of the submerged culture, which should be considered in future development of fungal disinfection methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress Research in Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts)
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