Proximity as a Key Factor on Journalism Practice: News Production and Consumption from a Cultural, Geographical, and Economic Nearness

A special issue of Journalism and Media (ISSN 2673-5172).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 April 2024) | Viewed by 11760

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Communication, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
Interests: political economy of communication; media system; media policy; public service media; journalism practice

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Guest Editor
Department of Communication Sciences, School of Communication Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Interests: public service media; public value; media governance; media policy

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Guest Editor
Instituto de Comunicación Social, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
Interests: social media; education; ICT; fake news; data mining

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Proximity has always been a key factor in journalism practice, where the offer of nearby content is linked to the very exercise of journalism as a social activity and a creator of public opinion (Huxford, 2007). As noted by previous research, proximity journalism not only favours citizen participation in the public sphere by addressing critical information (Al-Rawi, 2017; Napoli et al., 2017) but also gives visibility to local and regional communities (Morlandstø & Mathisen, 2022). In today's media environment, where global companies operate in platform capitalism and territorial boundaries have been diluted, reconceptualizing this value becomes an essential matter.

Thus, recent research has focused on proximity. Regarding news production, proximity journalists perform from a differential lens that leads them to focus on human interest angles, operating on the basis of community advocacy and the creation of forums for dialogue (Hanusch, 2015; Jenkins & Nielsen, 2020). In this sense, this value has become a cross-cutting pivot of the mission of public service media (Cañedo & Rodríguez-Castro, 2023). Moreover, the possibility of turning media audiences into primary sources of information is highlighted as positive (Jerónimo et al., 2022). However, as a negative side, the common physical presence of journalists when talking about proximity (Huxford, 2007) conditions their journalistic performance both by external pressures and emotional factors (Castelló, 2010; Perreault, 2021).

In terms of consumption, the ability of this value to generate a sense of belonging has been highlighted (Midões and Martins 2023), which brings audiences closer to their content and increases audience engagement (Boukes et al., 2022). Moreover, recent studies evidence that proximity is perceived as trust-building (Uth et al., 2021; Uth, 2022), a relevant issue in a global media ecosystem characterised by the high prevalence of misinformation. However, it has been shown that this trust relationship is stronger in traditional media than in new media, such as internet or social media (Splendore & Curini, 2020), which makes it especially relevant to deepen into platformization. Germane to this, recent research confirms the difficulties, both identity and financial, faced by proximity media when operating in platform capitalism (Sjøvaag and Owren, 2021; Cañedo et al., 2023; Martori-Muntsant, 2023; Stonbely, 2023).

All in all, in this Special Issue, we aim to delve into the way proximity is conceived as an essential value of contemporary journalistic practice. Therefore, we welcome submissions on both theoretical essays and empirical research. Topics may include, but are not limited to:

  • Studies on communication and territory from a proximity perspective;
  • Media theories applied to proximity journalism;
  • Functions and characteristics of proximity journalism;
  • Methodological proposals for the study of proximity media systems;
  • Proximity media policy, governance, or economy;
  • Case studies on proximity media systems or companies;
  • Journalistic routines in proximity media systems;
  • Audience studies in proximity media systems;
  • Proximity media platformization processes;
  • Social media and proximity media systems;
  • Proximity journalism and political engagement.

References

Al-Rawi, A (2017) News values on social media: News organizations’ Facebook use. Journalism, 18(7), 871–889.

Boukes, M, Jones, NP & Vliegenthart, R (2022) Newsworthiness and story prominence: How the presence of news factors relates to upfront position and length of news stories. Journalism, 23(1), 98–116.

Castelló, E (2010) Framing news on risk industries: Local journalism and conditioning factors. Journalism, 11(4), 463–480.

Cañedo, A, Galletero-Campos, B, Centellas, D & López-Cepeda, AM (2023) New Strategies for Old Dilemmas: Unraveling how Spanish Regional Public Service Media Face the Platformization Process. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 29(1), 67–77.

Cañedo, A & Rodríguez-Castro, M (2023) La proximidad, eje transversal al servicio audiovisual público regional europeo. Estudio de caso comparado de España y Alemania. AdComunica, 26, 231–251.

Jenkins, J & Nielsen, RK (2020) Proximity, Public Service, and Popularity: A Comparative Study of How Local Journalists View Quality News. Journalism Studies, 21(2), 236–253.

Jerónimo, P, Correia, JC & Gradim, A (2022) Are We Close Enough? Digital Challenges to Local Journalists. Journalism Practice, 16(5), 813–827.

Hanusch, F (2015) A Different Breed Altogether? Distinctions between Local and Metropolitan Journalism Cultures. Journalism Studies, 16(6), 816–833.

Huxford, J (2007) The proximity paradox. Live reporting, virtual proximity and the concept of place in the news. Journalism, 8(6), 657–674.

Martori-Muntsant, A (2023) Multimedia and transmedia dynamics in local press: utopia or fact? An analysis of the Catalan case. Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación, 14(2), 299–309.

Morlandstø, L & Mathisen, BR (2022) Blind spots and diversity in a local media landscape. Journalism, 0(0), 1–18. [Online First]

Napoli, P, Stonbely, S, McCollough, K, & Renninger, B (2017) Local Journalism and the Information Needs of Local Communities: Toward a Scalable Assessment Approach. Journalism Practice, 11(4), 373–395.

Perreault, MF (2021) Journalism Beyond the Command Post: Local Journalists as Strategic Citizen Stakeholders in Natural Disaster Recovery. Journalism Practice, 22(10, 1279–1297.

Sjøvaag, H & Owren, T (2021) The Non-substitutability of Local News? Advertising and the decline of journalism’s umbrella market model. Nordicom Review. 42 (1), 1-–14.

Splendore, S & Curini, L (2020) Proximity Between Citizens and Journalists as a Determinant of Trust in the Media. An Application to Italy. Journalism Studies, 21(9), 1167–1185.

Stonbely, S (2023) What Makes for Robust Local News Provision? Structural Correlates of Local News Coverage for an Entire U.S. State, and Mapping Local News Using a New Method. Journalism and Media, 4, 485–505.

Uth, B, Badura, L, & Blobaum, B (2021) Perceptions of trustworthiness and risk: how transparency can influence trust in journalism. In: Blobaum, B (Ed.) Trust and Communication. Findings and Implications of Trust Research, pp. 61–81. Springer.

Uth, B (2022) The quality oriented, the audience engagers, the transparent: Types of editorial trust-building in German news outlets. Journalism, 0(0), 1–18. [Online First]

Dr. Azahara Cañedo
Dr. Marta Rodríguez-Castro
Dr. Luis Cárcamo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • proximity
  • journalism practice
  • news production
  • news consumption
  • media system
  • media economy
  • news public value
  • platformization

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 652 KiB  
Article
Sourcing Local Information in News Deserts
by Luísa Torre, Giovanni Ramos, Mateus Noronha and Pedro Jerónimo
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 1228-1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030078 - 29 Aug 2024
Viewed by 736
Abstract
(1) Background: News deserts are communities without a local news outlet, or communities where residents face significantly reduced access to the news of the local public sphere. The demise of a local news outlet can have negative effects on community engagement and on [...] Read more.
(1) Background: News deserts are communities without a local news outlet, or communities where residents face significantly reduced access to the news of the local public sphere. The demise of a local news outlet can have negative effects on community engagement and on the discussion of solutions to community problems. In Portugal, for example, 25% of municipalities do not have their own media outlets. When there are no journalists reporting on reality, studies show that much of the local information in these territories is obtained through social media, such as Facebook pages and groups, which can be a source of disinformation and manipulation that communities become vulnerable to. (2) Methods: Through focus groups in the municipality of Manteigas, we researched perspectives and behaviours, as well as the factors that influence people’s choices in the consumption of information. (3) Results: We found that citizens used a wide range of informational sources, with a strong dependence on social media and institutional channels to access local information. (4) Conclusions: Proximity relationships are the basis of fact-checking processes, and citizens showed less concern about disinformation and more trust in the information they accessed through official institutions’ pages and through word-of-mouth in their communities. Full article
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10 pages, 725 KiB  
Article
Methodological Proposal for Sustainable Territorial Communication—The Case of Castilla y León
by Marina Hernández-Prieto and María de la Peña Pérez-Alaejos
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 739-748; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020048 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 536
Abstract
The proximity television model adopted by Castilla y León since 1999 is based on promoting territorial identity and closeness to citizens, in line with the principles of identity and proximity in regional television, albeit with the particularity in the Spanish context of being [...] Read more.
The proximity television model adopted by Castilla y León since 1999 is based on promoting territorial identity and closeness to citizens, in line with the principles of identity and proximity in regional television, albeit with the particularity in the Spanish context of being a regional television system managed by a private concessionaire. In response to the current challenges of the television sector, a consultancy project is implemented with a methodological approach based on a SWOT analysis and the participation of multiple actors. This work details the methodology followed during the different phases of this interdisciplinary consultancy work: definition of bases, development of a base document, and concretion of actions, until reaching the elaboration of a detailed guide that establishes strategic objectives and specific actions. This strategic approach translates into a proposal to improve the performance of regional television and its contribution to the economic and social development of the region; however, the difficulty for its effective implementation due to an uncertain political scenario is pointed out. Full article
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21 pages, 3598 KiB  
Article
“News Desertification” in Europe: Highlighting Correlations for Future Research
by Jan Kermer, Urbano Reviglio and Tijana Blagojev
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 718-738; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020047 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 905
Abstract
The Local Media for Democracy (LM4D) project is the first project that explores news deserts in Europe comprehensively. Its final report highlighted challenges and opportunities for local and community media and identified the level of risk of news deserts in the 27 European [...] Read more.
The Local Media for Democracy (LM4D) project is the first project that explores news deserts in Europe comprehensively. Its final report highlighted challenges and opportunities for local and community media and identified the level of risk of news deserts in the 27 European Union (EU) Member States. As a pilot project, however, its results are still preliminary and open to evaluation, and, thus, they require further discussion and corroboration. Drawing from these results, and applying a multidisciplinary approach, we extrapolated research directions for the study of news deserts in the EU. By cross-analyzing data from the LM4D dataset with other datasets, we provide a preliminary analysis of three promising lines of research: (1) the relationship between public service media quality and news deserts, (2) news deserts and the spread of disinformation, and (3) social media usage and news desertification. We conclude by pointing out the limitations of this preliminary analysis and opportunities for further research on news deserts in the EU. Full article
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17 pages, 306 KiB  
Article
A Methodological Proposal to Evaluate Journalism Texts Created for Depopulated Areas Using AI
by Luis Mauricio Calvo Rubio, María José Ufarte Ruiz and Francisco José Murcia Verdú
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 671-687; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020044 - 27 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 884
Abstract
The public service media Radio Televisión Española (RTVE) conducted a proof-of-concept study to automatically generate reports on the results of the local elections of 28 May 2023 in Spanish communities with fewer than 1000 inhabitants. This study describes the creation, testing and application [...] Read more.
The public service media Radio Televisión Española (RTVE) conducted a proof-of-concept study to automatically generate reports on the results of the local elections of 28 May 2023 in Spanish communities with fewer than 1000 inhabitants. This study describes the creation, testing and application of the methodological tool used to evaluate the quality of the reports generated using artificial intelligence in order to optimize the algorithm. The application of the proposed datasheet provided a systematic analysis, and the iterative use of the tool made it possible to gradually improve the results produced by the system until a suitable threshold was reached for publication. The study also showed that, despite the ability of AI systems to automatically generate a large volume of information, both human labour and the reliability of the data that feed the system are essential to ensure journalistic quality. Full article
14 pages, 1102 KiB  
Article
Exploratory Analysis of Local Media across the Post-Pandemic Era: Between Glocality and Closeness
by Angel Torres-Toukoumidis, Mónica Hinojosa Becerra, Isidro Marín-Gutiérrez and Moisés Pallo-Chiguano
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 552-565; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020037 - 9 May 2024
Viewed by 1042
Abstract
This study examines the role of local media in fostering a sense of community belonging among readers in the Ecuadorian context, focusing on how geographical coverage, news sources, and covered themes reinforce community identity. Through content analysis of 17 local media outlets and [...] Read more.
This study examines the role of local media in fostering a sense of community belonging among readers in the Ecuadorian context, focusing on how geographical coverage, news sources, and covered themes reinforce community identity. Through content analysis of 17 local media outlets and 6356 news pieces, we investigate how these elements cohesively contribute to the construction of an interconnected community. The findings indicate that predominantly local and regional coverage, along with reliance on primary sources within the community and the prevalence of topics related to politics, sports, and culture, play pivotal roles in creating a shared community fabric. By contextualizing the importance of “glocalization” in journalism, the study demonstrates how local media act as a mirror to community realities and aspirations, promoting a sense of intersubjectivity, adaptability, and civic engagement. This work underscores the critical importance of local media in representing the diversity of reality, facilitating civic participation, and strengthening the social fabric within the local context. Full article
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11 pages, 267 KiB  
Article
Decoding Journalism in the Digital Age: Self-Representation, News Quality, and Collaboration in Portuguese Newsrooms
by João Canavilhas and Branco Di Fátima
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 515-525; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020034 - 21 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1224
Abstract
This paper analyses the self-representations of Portuguese media professionals and their work practices. Utilizing data from a broader empirical study, this paper delves into the dynamics of influence among various actors within newsrooms. Based on journalists’ perceptions of the content, the methods they [...] Read more.
This paper analyses the self-representations of Portuguese media professionals and their work practices. Utilizing data from a broader empirical study, this paper delves into the dynamics of influence among various actors within newsrooms. Based on journalists’ perceptions of the content, the methods they use to assess the quality of the news are also identified. To address these enquiries, a survey was conducted among professionals engaged in the news production process. This sample comprised 72 individuals from various sectors of newsrooms, including photographers, designers, IT professionals, social media managers, and videographers. The main results indicate that seven out of ten respondents acknowledged their reliance on colleagues in newsrooms for success. Furthermore, the data suggest that there are no significant disparities among different professionals, with personal satisfaction emerging as the primary criterion for assessing the work quality. It is notable that almost twice as many women tend to indicate the low impact of the journalist on their work compared to male respondents. Moreover, most respondents stated that there is space for hybrid professionals in newsrooms. Full article
12 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
Catalysts of Change: Technological Innovations Shaping Spanish Public Proximity Media
by Mónica López-Golán, Francisco Campos-Freire and José-Ángel Fernández-Holgado
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 444-455; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020029 - 3 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1770
Abstract
Technological innovation is transforming local public media. New tools, applications, and platforms are allowing it to improve its reach, the quality of the content it broadcasts, and its interaction with audiences. We set out to determine the main lines of action in the [...] Read more.
Technological innovation is transforming local public media. New tools, applications, and platforms are allowing it to improve its reach, the quality of the content it broadcasts, and its interaction with audiences. We set out to determine the main lines of action in the technological innovations adopted by Spanish regional public service media. We conducted a qualitative study based on corporate documentary analysis and in-depth interviews with the heads of the innovation and technological support areas of the four regional corporations with the largest budgets: Corporación de Radio y Televisión de Galicia (CRTVG), Euskal Irrati Telebista-Radio (EiTB), Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals (CCMA), and Radio y Televisión de Andalucía (RTVA). The results showed that, without neglecting their social commitment, technological innovation was one of the main axes in the strategic plans of the organisations studied. The use of new technologies in their adaptation to the current audiovisual ecosystem represents changes in creation, distribution, and management. Full article
13 pages, 288 KiB  
Article
Disinformation and Local Media in the Iberian Context: How to Protect News Credibility
by Ángeles Fernández-Barrero, Rubén Rivas-de-Roca and Concha Pérez-Curiel
Journal. Media 2024, 5(1), 65-77; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5010005 - 14 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1819
Abstract
Regional and local media outlets have much more credibility than news organizations placed at a national level, according to polls. In a context fueled by the spread of disinformation, audiences seem to trust close journalistic sources, while national and international leaders are seen [...] Read more.
Regional and local media outlets have much more credibility than news organizations placed at a national level, according to polls. In a context fueled by the spread of disinformation, audiences seem to trust close journalistic sources, while national and international leaders are seen as polarized. However, local journalism has few resources for fact checking. In this context, we explore some of the strategies developed by local news organizations to avoid the proliferation of fake news. This study uses a multiple-case study on four local media outlets from similar media systems (Spain and Portugal) as a qualitative research strategy. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with local journalists and secondary data analysis, we examine how these media outlets deal with fake news, shedding light on internal fact-checking resources and other original strategies applied. From our interviews, their journalists are aware of the problem, asking for more training; whereas their organizations have different approaches to the digital platforms where most of disinformation circulates. These findings contribute to the scant literature on the role of the local field in disinformation, arguing that the social mission of local journalism may be a guarantee against fake news if their journalists are trained. Full article
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