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Recent Advances in Oral Diseases
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Recent Advances in Oral Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 9858

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Omar Kujan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
Interests: oral cancer; oral potentially malignant disorders; biomarkers; oral diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Ramesh Balasubramaniam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
Interests: oral medicine; oral health; oral diseases; orofacial pain
Prof. Agnieszka Frydrych

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
Interests: oral medicine; oral cancer; oral mucosal diseases; xerostomia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Oral diseases are known for their wide prevalence globally, leading to a deterioration of general health if they are left unmanaged. Dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, and cancers of the lips and oral cavity are the most prevalent oral diseases, contributing to a global burden. Personalised dentistry is a new avenue for the early diagnosis and effective treatment of oral diseases. Innovative avenues and platforms to either further the understanding of the pathobiology of oral diseases or effectively manage patients diagnosed with these conditions and lesions are of most need.       

This Special Issue therefore focuses on the recent advances and developments of oral diseases from bench to bedside in order to improve the standard of care for patients with these conditions and lesions.

Dr. Omar Kujan 
Prof. Ramesh Balasubramaniam
Prof. Agnieszka Frydrych
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral diseases
  • dental care
  • periodontal diseases
  • tooth loss
  • oral cancers
  • personalised dentistry

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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15 pages, 2808 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Diabetic Wistar Rats with Periodontal Disease
by Ioana Scrobota, Ioan Andrei Tig, Andrea Olivia Marcu, Georgiana Ioana Potra Cicalau, Liliana Sachelarie and Gilda Iova
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(5), 527; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14050527 - 15 May 2024
Viewed by 1017
Abstract
Background: The association of periodontal disease and diabetes is a subject of intense research in terms of etiopathology and treatment options. This research aimed to evaluate the modulation of the local inflammatory status by two natural extracts, curcumin (Cu) and rutin (R), in [...] Read more.
Background: The association of periodontal disease and diabetes is a subject of intense research in terms of etiopathology and treatment options. This research aimed to evaluate the modulation of the local inflammatory status by two natural extracts, curcumin (Cu) and rutin (R), in an experimentally induced diabetes and periodontal disease in Wistar rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Control (C), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease (DP), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Curcumin (DPCu), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Rutin (DPR), and Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with both Curcumin and Rutin (DPCuR). Gingival samples were collected from all rats, and immunohistochemical markers CD3, CD20, and CD34 were evaluated to assess the local inflammatory infiltrate. Descriptive statistics were applied (SPSS24 Software, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Rutin, alone or combined with Curcumin, reduced CD3-positive cell levels. Curcumin demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing CD20-positive cells. The combination of Curcumin and Rutin had the most important impact on both markers. Curcumin notably increased immature CD34-positive cell levels. Conclusions: Curcumin and Rutin, either alone or together, hold potential for reducing local inflammation in diabetes-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oral Diseases)
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15 pages, 2983 KiB  
Article
10,600 nm High Level-Laser Therapy Dosimetry in Management of Unresponsive Persistent Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma to Standard Surgical Approach: A Case Report with 6-Month Follow-Up
by Reem Hanna and Stefano Benedicenti
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010026 - 25 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1463
Abstract
Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a non-neoplastic, tumour-like reactive lesion that exclusively involves the gingiva and/or the alveolar crest. The surgical approach with a scalpel has been the golden standard of treatment for PGCG, but the scientific literature reports a high rate [...] Read more.
Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a non-neoplastic, tumour-like reactive lesion that exclusively involves the gingiva and/or the alveolar crest. The surgical approach with a scalpel has been the golden standard of treatment for PGCG, but the scientific literature reports a high rate of lesion recurrence. Hence, this unique case report aimed to evaluate the efficacy of λ 10,600 nm high-level laser therapy (HLLT) in eradicating persistent, aggressive, and recurrent PGCG that failed to respond to standard surgical treatment. A fit and healthy thirty-four-year-old Caucasian male presented with a two-month history of recurrent episodes of an oral mucosal lesion involving the buccal and lingual interdental papillae between the lower right second premolar (LR5) and lower right first molar (LR6), which was surgically excised with a scalpel three times previously. A λ 10,600 nm-induced HLLT was chosen as a treatment modality at a lower peak power of 1.62 W, measured with a power metre, emitted in gated emission mode (50% duty cycle), whereby the average output power reaching the target tissue was 0.81 W. The spot size was 0.8 mm. Ninety seconds was the total treatment duration, and the total energy density was 7934.78 J/cm2. Patient self-reporting outcomes revealed minimal to no post-operative complications. Initial healing was observed on the 4th day of the post-laser treatment, and a complete healing occurred at two-weeks post-operatively. The histological analysis revealed PGCG. This unique case report study demonstrated the efficacy of λ 10,600 nm-induced HLLT and its superiority to eradicate persistent aggressive PGCG over the standard surgical approach with minimal to no post-operative complications, accelerating wound healing beyond the physiological healing time associated with no evidence of PGCG recurrence at the six-month follow-up timepoint. Based on the significant findings of this unique study and the results of our previous clinical studies, we can confirm the validity and effectiveness of our standardised λ 10,600 nm laser dosimetry-induced HLLT and treatment protocol in achieving optimal outcomes. Randomised controlled clinical trials with large data comparing λ 10,600 nm with our dosimetry protocol to the standard surgical treatment modality at long follow-up timepoints are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oral Diseases)
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15 pages, 2508 KiB  
Article
Inflammatory Cells Can Alter the Levels of H3K9ac and γH2AX in Dysplastic Cells and Favor Tumor Phenotype
by Camila de Oliveira Barbeiro, Darcy Fernandes, Mariana Paravani Palaçon, Rogerio Moraes Castilho, Luciana Yamamoto de Almeida and Andreia Bufalino
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(4), 662; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040662 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1719
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are clinical presentations that carry an increased risk of cancer development. Currently, epithelial dysplasia grade is based on architectural and cytological epithelial changes and is used to predict the malignant transformation of these lesions. However, predicting which OPMD [...] Read more.
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are clinical presentations that carry an increased risk of cancer development. Currently, epithelial dysplasia grade is based on architectural and cytological epithelial changes and is used to predict the malignant transformation of these lesions. However, predicting which OPMD will progress to a malignant tumor is very challenging. Inflammatory infiltrates can favor cancer development, and recent studies suggest that this association with OPMD lesions may be related to the etiology and/or aggressive clinical behavior of these lesions. Epigenetic changes such as histone modifications may mediate chronic inflammation and also favor tumor cells in immune resistance and evasion. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between histone acetylation (H3K9ac) and DNA damage in the context of dysplastic lesions with prominent chronic inflammation. Immunofluorescence of “low-risk” and “high-risk” OPMD lesions (n = 24) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (n = 10) as the control group was performed to assess histone acetylation levels and DNA damage through the phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX). Cell co-culture assays with PBMCs and oral keratinocyte cell lines (NOK-SI, DOK, and SCC-25) were performed to assess proliferation, adhesion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Oral dysplastic lesions showed a hypoacetylation of H3K9 and low levels of γH2AX compared to control. The contact of dysplastic oral keratinocytes with PBMCs favored EMT and the loss of cell–cell adhesion. On the other hand, p27 levels increased and cyclin E decreased in DOK, indicating cell cycle arrest. We conclude that the presence of chronic inflammation associated to dysplastic lesions is capable of promoting epigenetic alterations, which in turn can favor the process of malignant transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oral Diseases)
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11 pages, 901 KiB  
Article
Salivary-Based Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA Level Is an Independent Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Lana Sayal, Omar Hamadah, Aroub AlMasri, Majdy Idrees, Issam Kassem, Wafa Habbal, Buthainah Alsalamah and Omar Kujan
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(2), 301; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020301 - 8 Feb 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2165
Abstract
Changes in the copy numbers of cell-free nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) have shown promising diagnostic utilities among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Considering the absence of objective prognostic tools for HNSCC surveillance, this study aimed [...] Read more.
Changes in the copy numbers of cell-free nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) have shown promising diagnostic utilities among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Considering the absence of objective prognostic tools for HNSCC surveillance, this study aimed to assess the utility of saliva-based cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA in predicting the overall survival of patients with HNSCC. The study included ninety-four patients with a confirmed HNSCC diagnosis with a mean follow-up time of 32.04 months (±19.1). A saliva-based liquid biopsy was collected from each patient. A multiplex quantitative PCR was used to determine the absolute number of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA. The Kaplan–Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess overall survival. The absolute copy numbers of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA were statistically significantly higher among the deceased patients than among the censored ones (p < 0.05). Individuals with elevated levels of cf-nDNA or cf-mtDNA were associated with a significantly poorer overall survival (p ≤ 0.05). A univariate analysis showed that only the absolute copy number of cf-mtDNA was the sole predictor of overall survival. However, the multivariate analysis showed that all the absolute copy numbers of cf-nDNA, the absolute copy numbers of cf-mtDNA, and the stage of HNSCC were predictors of overall survival. Our study confirms that saliva is a reliable and non-invasive source of data that can be used to predict the overall survival of patients with HNSCC, where cf-mtDNA levels act as the sole predictor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oral Diseases)
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11 pages, 899 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Role of Vitamins in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review
by Jewel Kai Lin See, Xinyao Liu, Federica Canfora, Caroline Moore, Michael McCullough, Tami Yap, Rita Paolini and Antonio Celentano
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(10), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13101520 - 23 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2333
Abstract
Background: Micronutrients are vital for general and oral health, and their potential anti-cancer properties are documented. We explore beneficial vitamins for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer (OC), assessing the therapeutic impacts of essential vitamin supplementation. Methods: We systematically review evidence [...] Read more.
Background: Micronutrients are vital for general and oral health, and their potential anti-cancer properties are documented. We explore beneficial vitamins for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer (OC), assessing the therapeutic impacts of essential vitamin supplementation. Methods: We systematically review evidence on vitamin supplementation’s therapeutic effects for OPMDs and OC. Relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, Evidence-Based Medicine, and Web of Science until 16 May 2023. All studies underwent risk of bias using criteria modified from the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) tool. Results: We analysed 80 papers. Vitamin K, studied in vitro, shows promising therapeutic potential. Vitamin C, investigated in vivo (animals and humans), demonstrated mixed animal results and generally positive human trial effects. Vitamin A’s efficacy varied, with positive monotherapy or adjunct effects. Vitamins B and D showed therapeutic benefits. Oral cancer research was extensive, with a focus on oral lichen planus and oral leukoplakia among the 11 OPMDs. All bias levels were reported in ‘selective reporting’ and ‘performance’, except for “definitely high” in the ‘selection’, ‘detection’, and ‘attrition/exclusion’ domains. Conclusions: Evidence of vitamin interventions for OPMDs and OC ranges from mixed to promising. Standardizing the study design and outcomes would enhance future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oral Diseases)
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