Urban and Rural Land Development and Redevelopment in the Process of Urbanization

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X). This special issue belongs to the section "Urban Contexts and Urban-Rural Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 42524

Special Issue Editors

Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Interests: institutional analysis; spatial analysis; land development; land redevelopment
Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: collaborative planning; urban-rural land development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Urban Planning, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Interests: urban renewal; urban governance; urban geography; land institutions; property rights of land; land development and economics; rural revitalization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, extensive and rapid urbanization in developing countries has profoundly changed the landscape of urban and rural areas and restructured the relationships between them. Large scales of rural land have been converted into urban land in the urbanization process. At the same time, redevelopment of urban and rural construction land has also become an important part of urban and rural development. This involves a wide range of different stakeholders such as the government at different levels, various property developers, property/land owners, and residents. Land development and redevelopment are thus key issues in creating livable and sustainable cities. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding on the process and consequences of land development and redevelopment in the urbanization process.

As the processes of worldwide urbanization are embedded in different institutional and socioeconomic contexts, they present various features and provide divergent conditions and challenges for land development and redevelopment. In recent decades, the roles and behaviors of stakeholders have altered in the process of urbanization, while new institutional arrangements, policies, and governance models have been developed for conflict resolution in the processes of urban and rural land development and redevelopment. The new dynamics of urbanization and land development also have socioeconomic implications for local residents. Therefore, timely investigations on recent land development and redevelopment practices are urgently needed to better understand the complexity and sustainability of cities in the dynamic urbanization process. To fill this gap, this Special Issue calls for papers to provide new empirical, methodological, and theoretical insights into processes of land development and redevelopment in diverse environments and socioeconomic settings.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcomed. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Governance models and stakeholder engagement in land development and redevelopment in the urbanization process;
  • Institutional arrangements and policies for land development and redevelopment;
  • Urban planning in land development and redevelopment;
  • Social and economic impacts of land development and redevelopment;
  • Sustainable land development and redevelopment.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Yani Lai
Dr. Yanliu Lin
Dr. Yan Guo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • land development
  • land redevelopment
  • informal development
  • land governance
  • land use changes
  • urban and rural land
  • urbanization
  • socioeconomic impacts

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Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

12 pages, 599 KiB  
Article
Shantytown Redevelopment and Housing Prices: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Cities
by Caixia Liu
Land 2023, 12(4), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040823 - 4 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3193
Abstract
China has been undergoing urban regeneration and reconstruction over the past few decades. To improve the housing conditions of the poor and better achieve the goal of new urbanization, the Chinese government launched top-down shantytown redevelopment nationwide in 2008. Little is known about [...] Read more.
China has been undergoing urban regeneration and reconstruction over the past few decades. To improve the housing conditions of the poor and better achieve the goal of new urbanization, the Chinese government launched top-down shantytown redevelopment nationwide in 2008. Little is known about the economic effectiveness of shantytown redevelopment. Based on city-level data from 2014–2018, this study examined the impact of shantytown redevelopment on housing prices by using the fixed effects regression analysis and instrumental variables (IV) methods. The results show that shantytown redevelopment significantly increases the housing prices at the city level, and each 10% increase in the size of redeveloped shantytowns is associated with an average increase of 1.4% in housing prices. There is regional heterogeneity, with shantytown redevelopment in the central and western regions having a greater effect on housing prices. The rising home prices imposed by shantytown redevelopment negatively decrease housing affordability for those households not included in the redevelopment projects; thus, a more inclusive urban redevelopment policy should be considered. Full article
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15 pages, 1403 KiB  
Article
How a Short-Lived Rumor of Residential Redevelopment Disturbs a Local Housing Market: Evidence from Hangzhou, China
by Yanjiang Zhang, Hongyi Fan, Qingling Liu, Xiaofen Yu and Shangming Yang
Land 2023, 12(2), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020518 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1923
Abstract
This paper investigates how a short-lived rumor of residential redevelopment triggered herding trading and housing price overreactions in a local housing market in Hangzhou. Through event studies, we find that herding purchasing caused a short-term housing price overreaction. Simultaneously, existing homeowners became reluctant [...] Read more.
This paper investigates how a short-lived rumor of residential redevelopment triggered herding trading and housing price overreactions in a local housing market in Hangzhou. Through event studies, we find that herding purchasing caused a short-term housing price overreaction. Simultaneously, existing homeowners became reluctant to sell, and the number of new listings for sale decreased temporarily. However, we find no evidence of a decrease in market efficiency. A herding investor who purchased an average home may have suffered a loss of CNY 593,907 after the rumor weakened, equivalent to 8.7 years of income for an average resident in Hangzhou in 2021. This study reveals the importance of government policy communication, and the detrimental impact of ambiguous urban renewal policies on housing market stability and wealth redistribution. Full article
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37 pages, 12567 KiB  
Article
Are Local Residents Benefiting from the Latest Urbanization Dynamic in China? China’s Characteristic Town Strategy from a Resident Perspective: Evidence from Two Cases in Hangzhou
by Yi Yang, Tetsuo Kidokoro, Fumihiko Seta and Ziyi Wang
Land 2023, 12(2), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020510 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4464
Abstract
The Characteristic Town (CT) program is one of the most notable strategies in China’s urbanization process in recent years, responding to the drawbacks of the past decades of crude urbanization development model and maintaining and promoting capital accumulation and economic growth with innovative [...] Read more.
The Characteristic Town (CT) program is one of the most notable strategies in China’s urbanization process in recent years, responding to the drawbacks of the past decades of crude urbanization development model and maintaining and promoting capital accumulation and economic growth with innovative approach to space production. However, no studies have been conducted to examine whether residents actually benefit from it. Therefore, we combined desk research, participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires to evaluate its influence on residents in two representative cases in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, where the program originated. The results show limited improvement in public benefits: a general but insignificant improvement in the living standard of the residents; residents’ public participation is generally lacking; residents’ cognition of self-identity has begun to appear deviation, and barriers between them and foreign workers have begun to emerge; residents’ assessment of the new development strategy varies from case to case. Compared to other urban and rural redevelopment, renewal, and construction practices around the world, the CT program does not seem to appear to be overly special or advanced in terms of securing and enhancing public benefits. To this end, this study concluded that it is necessary to consider the need to adopt an official evaluation system that attaches equal importance to economic, environmental, and social factors, further strengthen the supervision of local financial expenditure, effectively strengthen the role of the public, improve infrastructure and public service facilities, and enhance the comprehensive training of indigenous people. Full article
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21 pages, 1624 KiB  
Article
National Big Data Experimental Area and the Unexpected Booming of the Housing Price in Guiyang of Guizhou Province of China
by Lu Zhang, Hongfei Yu, Zhongfa Zhou, Fangxin Yi and Dong Li
Land 2023, 12(2), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020453 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2082
Abstract
Enterprise Zone is an important part of the regional economic development strategy. This paper investigates the impact of overall urban development and construction of the National Big Data (Guizhou) Experimental Area on the housing prices and found out that the construction of the [...] Read more.
Enterprise Zone is an important part of the regional economic development strategy. This paper investigates the impact of overall urban development and construction of the National Big Data (Guizhou) Experimental Area on the housing prices and found out that the construction of the National Big Data (Guizhou) Experimental Area is more conducive to the rise in suburban housing transaction prices. The paper empirically proves that the construction of the National Experimental Zone is more conducive to small family housing and leads to the increase in the suburban housing trading area, which further implies that the National Big Data (Guizhou) Experimental Area project may lead to the migration of residents to the suburbs, thus the increasing the housing price. Such regional planning is conducive to the changing spatial distribution of the residents, relocating the residents to find jobs and live in the suburbs, and increasing the value of suburban areas. This paper provides evidence to quantify the externalities and the premium of the housing prices in the surrounding area and provides empirical evidence on the spatial externalities in the literature. Full article
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20 pages, 2717 KiB  
Article
Post-Renewal Evaluation of an Urbanized Village with Cultural Resources Based on Multi Public Satisfaction: A Case Study of Nantou Ancient City in Shenzhen
by Siming Gu, Jinqi Li, Mohan Wang and Hang Ma
Land 2023, 12(1), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010211 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3731
Abstract
The urban renewal of older districts usually has a significant impact on the sense of place and identity. However, a systematic post-renewal evaluation of older districts with cultural resources based on multi public satisfaction is still lacking. This study takes Nantou Ancient City [...] Read more.
The urban renewal of older districts usually has a significant impact on the sense of place and identity. However, a systematic post-renewal evaluation of older districts with cultural resources based on multi public satisfaction is still lacking. This study takes Nantou Ancient City in Shenzhen, an urbanized village with rich historical and cultural resources, as an example; this study introduces the multi public, including the residents, merchants and tourists, as the evaluation subject. By establishing an evaluation system suitable for the characteristics of Nantou Ancient City, this study explores the existing problems of renewal and transformation, summarizes experiences and lessons and provides a basis for the sustainable development of Nantou Ancient City and the organic renewal of urbanized villages in Shenzhen. First of all, on the basis of combing the existing community renewal evaluation system, especially the satisfaction evaluation and the research on the historical value of the urbanized villages, the historical and cultural value and the renewal and transformation process of Nantou Ancient City are introduced, and the multiple values of Nantou Ancient City are clarified. Secondly, the demand contradiction between the public group and the core stakeholders is analyzed, as well as the internal demand and difference of the public group. After that, combined with field research, literature analysis and network review data analysis, the post-renovation evaluation system of Nantou Ancient City is constructed in terms of six aspects: residential environment, supporting facilities, street space, history and culture, economy, commerce and social culture. Then, the questionnaire is designed for three different groups of residents, merchants and tourists, and the evaluation system is applied to Nantou Ancient City for empirical research. By means of mean analysis, variance analysis and IPA analysis, the similarities and differences of the evaluation of different public groups are compared, which is taken as the basis for summarizing the existing problems in the renovation of Nantou Ancient City, and optimization suggestions are put forward. Full article
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15 pages, 6220 KiB  
Article
Unveiling the Regional Differences and Convergence of Urban Sprawl in China, 2006–2019
by Qixuan Li, Ying Xu, Xu Yang and Ke Chen
Land 2023, 12(1), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010152 - 2 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1901
Abstract
There is an obvious imbalanced regional development among eastern, central, and western China. This is also a fundamental problem that policy makers and planners need to address. Specific to urban development, we wondered whether there were regional differences in urban sprawl and whether [...] Read more.
There is an obvious imbalanced regional development among eastern, central, and western China. This is also a fundamental problem that policy makers and planners need to address. Specific to urban development, we wondered whether there were regional differences in urban sprawl and whether this trend was under control. By using the urban sprawl index (USI), this paper investigated the spatiotemporal pattern of urban sprawl from 2006 to 2019, and its regional difference and convergence among eastern, central, and western China. It finds that the cities with high, medium, and low sprawl in the east and west regions are distributed with a clear geographical pattern, while the distribution in the central region has no intuitive geographical features. Also, the proportion of cities with high sprawl in the eastern region is more than that in the other regions, with low sprawl in central China and medium sprawl in the western region. Moreover, urban sprawl in all three regions showed a downward trend, but this process was fluctuating and had obvious phase characteristics. It can be concluded that there is a convergence trend in urban sprawl in China over the research period, and the club convergence effect exists in the eastern, central, and western regions. Full article
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22 pages, 1903 KiB  
Article
Trade-Offs, Adaptation and Adaptive Governance of Urban Regeneration in Guangzhou, China (2009–2019)
by Bin Li, Kaihan Yang, Konstantin E. Axenov, Long Zhou and Huiming Liu
Land 2023, 12(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010139 - 31 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2371
Abstract
This paper explores the specific “authoritarian” type of adaptive governance of urban regeneration using the example of Guangzhou city as the frontier of China’s reforms. As opposed to the “democratic” type of adaptive governance with its bottom-up policy initiations, community autonomy, polycentric power, [...] Read more.
This paper explores the specific “authoritarian” type of adaptive governance of urban regeneration using the example of Guangzhou city as the frontier of China’s reforms. As opposed to the “democratic” type of adaptive governance with its bottom-up policy initiations, community autonomy, polycentric power, participation in decision making, and self-organized policy actors, adaptive governance in Guangzhou is based on top-down decision making and implementation of public authorities’ solutions with the high role of political considerations. By analyzing data collected from policy documents, interviews, secondary data, and participative observations, this paper reveals three phases of urban regeneration in Guangzhou between 2009 and 2019: two of them based on “Three Old Redevelopment” policy implementation and the third one based on the local micro-regeneration initiative. Tradeoffs among urban regeneration, land leasing income and micro-regeneration are the key means of policy adaptation which differ from the described phases. Methodologically, the paper does not limit itself by answering only the traditional research questions in regeneration studies of “what” has changed and “why” these changes have happened. Instead, the main focus includes “how” such changes have occurred, which is less researched in the literature. Social–political mechanisms, including limited check-and-balance, selective feedback, and the social learning capacity of the local state, are crucial governance factors to enable adaptation. Full article
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20 pages, 2372 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of Industrial Land Price Distortion on Carbon Emission Intensity: Evidence from China
by Bo-yang Gao, Zhi-ji Huang, Ting-ting Zhang, Xiao-yu Sun and Ming-yue Song
Land 2023, 12(1), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010092 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1725
Abstract
In the context of tax sharing reform and land reform during the 1990s, local governments in China relied heavily on land finance. Local governments have fierce competition in attracting investment, omitting the development of green economy. Based on the data of industrial land [...] Read more.
In the context of tax sharing reform and land reform during the 1990s, local governments in China relied heavily on land finance. Local governments have fierce competition in attracting investment, omitting the development of green economy. Based on the data of industrial land sales and carbon dioxide emissions, this study constructed the panel data of 196 cities in China from 2007 to 2017 and analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of urban industrial land price distortion and carbon emission intensity. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model was constructed from the aspects of scale effect to empirically analyze the overall impact and differential impact of urban industrial land price distortion on carbon emission intensity. With the help of the mediating effect model, the mechanism of urban industrial land price distortion on carbon emission intensity was investigated from the perspective of industrial structure upgrading. The results showed that (1) the higher the price distortion of industrial land is, the more detrimental it is to the development of green and low-carbon economy. (2) The regional heterogeneity test showed that the impact of industrial land price distortion on carbon emission intensity is most significant in the central region, medium cities, and cities with low fiscal self-sufficiency rates, respectively. (3) The higher the distortion degree of industrial land price, the greater the restriction on the upgrading of industrial structure, further increasing the carbon emission intensity. This paper provides policy implications for the market-oriented reform of land factors and the realization of the “double carbon” goal. Full article
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29 pages, 1125 KiB  
Article
Residents’ Selection Behavior of Compensation Schemes for Construction Land Reduction: Empirical Evidence from Questionnaires in Shanghai, China
by Jianglin Lu, Keqiang Wang and Hongmei Liu
Land 2023, 12(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010020 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1440
Abstract
Construction land reduction (CLR) was implemented in China to improve the efficiency of construction land use. CLR also limited the development of net reduction areas of CLR. By analyzing the Task-Quota-Financial-Benefit flow of CLR, this paper proposes three typical compensation schemes and uses [...] Read more.
Construction land reduction (CLR) was implemented in China to improve the efficiency of construction land use. CLR also limited the development of net reduction areas of CLR. By analyzing the Task-Quota-Financial-Benefit flow of CLR, this paper proposes three typical compensation schemes and uses the multivariate probit model to study residents’ selection behavior for these schemes. It is found that (1) in order to compensate for the losses caused by CLR to the reduced direct subjects, there can be three types of possible schemes: direct economic compensation (Scheme I), in situ (Scheme II) and off-site (Scheme III) enhancement of development capacity. (2) The more reasonable the compensation standard, the greater the employment pressure in the township and the greater the township’s location disadvantage, which is why more residents prefer Scheme III. (3) The higher their family income and their family support pressure, the more they prefer Scheme III. (4) At this stage, there is no significant difference in the choice of compensation schemes between cadres and non-cadres. (5) The net planning reduction area prefers Scheme I, while other areas prefer Scheme II. The conclusions may provide insight into the demand for more reasonable compensation policies to ensure the sustainability of CLR. Full article
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20 pages, 868 KiB  
Article
Rural Housing Rental Rates in China: Regional Differences, Influencing Factors, and Policy Implications
by Li Huang, Minjie Zheng and Rongyu Wang
Land 2022, 11(7), 1053; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11071053 - 11 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2304
Abstract
Through recognition and mastery of the regional differences and influencing factors of China’s rural housing rental rates, we can better understand changes in the functional attributes of homesteads and deepen the reform of “separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights” [...] Read more.
Through recognition and mastery of the regional differences and influencing factors of China’s rural housing rental rates, we can better understand changes in the functional attributes of homesteads and deepen the reform of “separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights” of homesteads. Accordingly, this paper uses village residence data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey to measure the degree of regional differences in rural housing rental rates at the province level and empirically analyze the influencing factors with villages (residences) as measuring unit. The study yields four main findings. First, rural housing rental behavior exists to varying degrees in the vast majority of provinces nationwide. Second, according to the spatial distribution pattern, rural housing rental rates are generally high in the eastern coastal region and low in the central, western, and northeastern regions, mainly reflecting unique characteristics of the eastern region. Third, although the level of economic development is important, it is not the only factor explaining regional differences in rural housing rental rates. Fourth, rural housing rental rates are mainly influenced by a combination of three types of factors: physiographic, socioeconomic, and village governance factors. Among them, factors such as proximity to suburban areas, the proportion of non-local permanent residents, annual per capita income, and village infrastructure conditions have significant positive effects, whereas factors such as distance from administrative centers, reliance on funding from the higher-level authority of the village committee, and the degree of harmony between villages and cadres have significant negative effects. By interpreting the policy implications of these findings, we hope to provide a reference for localized, categorical reform of the homestead system. Full article
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16 pages, 5255 KiB  
Article
Forecasting Urban Land Use Change Based on Cellular Automata and the PLUS Model
by Linfeng Xu, Xuan Liu, De Tong, Zhixin Liu, Lirong Yin and Wenfeng Zheng
Land 2022, 11(5), 652; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11050652 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 132 | Viewed by 7467
Abstract
Nowadays, cities meet numerous sustainable development challenges in facing growing urban populations and expanding urban areas. The monitoring and simulation of land use and land-cover change have become essential tools for understanding and managing urbanization. This paper interprets and predicts the expansion of [...] Read more.
Nowadays, cities meet numerous sustainable development challenges in facing growing urban populations and expanding urban areas. The monitoring and simulation of land use and land-cover change have become essential tools for understanding and managing urbanization. This paper interprets and predicts the expansion of seven different land use types in the study area, using the PLUS model, which combines the Land use Expansion Analysis Strategy (LEAS) and the CA model, based on the multi-class random patch seed (CARS) model. By choosing a variety of driving factors, the PLUS model simulates urban expansion in the metropolitan area of Hangzhou. The accuracy of the simulation, manifested as the kappa coefficient of urban land, increased to more than 84%, and the kappa coefficient of other land use types was more than 90%. To a certain extent, the PLUS model used in this study solves the CA model’s deficiencies in conversion rule mining strategy and landscape dynamic change simulation strategy. The results show that various types of land use changes obtained using this method have a high degree of accuracy and can be used to simulate urban expansion, especially over short periods. Full article
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16 pages, 1389 KiB  
Article
Locational Differences of Collective Land and Their Socioeconomic Effects on the Rural Elderly in China’s Pearl River Delta
by Miaoxi Zhao, Yanliu Lin and Huiqin Wang
Land 2022, 11(5), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11050606 - 21 Apr 2022
Viewed by 1942
Abstract
In recent years, rapid urbanization in China has led to land transformation and unequal social and economic development among rural collective land in different regions. Although there has been considerable research on land development in China, there is a lack of studies on [...] Read more.
In recent years, rapid urbanization in China has led to land transformation and unequal social and economic development among rural collective land in different regions. Although there has been considerable research on land development in China, there is a lack of studies on the socioeconomic impacts of unequal collective land development on rural elders. This research investigates collective land support, family support, and social support among the elderly in three types of villages—urban, suburban, and remote—in China’s Pearl River Delta. The findings show that land support retains an important factor for supporting the rural elderly, while family support is in steep decline, and social elderly support offers low coverage. However, land support differs greatly with location, and only urban villages in central locations with high land values are found to provide adequate land support for the rural elderly. The key influential factor of land income has shifted from land quantity to land location, and there now appears to be a need to adjust relevant land, fiscal, and taxation policies for collective land in different locations. Full article
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Review

Jump to: Research

16 pages, 2992 KiB  
Review
What Drives Urban Village Redevelopment in China? A Survey of Literature Based on Web of Science Core Collection Database
by Lin Jiang, Yani Lai, Ke Chen and Xiao Tang
Land 2022, 11(4), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11040525 - 4 Apr 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4969
Abstract
The recent economic advances made by China have now obliged the country to address the need for sustainable urban redevelopment. Unlike other recently developed areas in China, urban villages are in dire need of improvement. Consequently, the redevelopment of urban villages has garnered [...] Read more.
The recent economic advances made by China have now obliged the country to address the need for sustainable urban redevelopment. Unlike other recently developed areas in China, urban villages are in dire need of improvement. Consequently, the redevelopment of urban villages has garnered considerable public and academic interest. However, a comprehensive understanding is lacking on the drivers of urban village redevelopment in China. This study aims to fill this gap through a comprehensive survey of existing literature on redevelopment of urban villages. A total of 167 papers have been retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. A bibliometric analysis and a critical content analysis are conducted on the bases of these papers. We found at least three main processes which have driven urban village redevelopment in China. First, the growth of urban population and their income level has created a strong emerging demand to improve urban living conditions, which has triggered the restructuring of urban villages with sub-standard built environment into high-quality urban spaces. Second, from the production side, the market-oriented land reforms and the developers’ pursuit of land-related investment returns from land rent gap is also a strong driving force for demolition and redevelopment of urban villages. Lastly, the states and local governments have played a critical role in promoting urban village redevelopment and integrating informal urban spaces into formal urban areas. This research concludes with an evaluation of current studies on urban village redevelopment and provides suggestions for further research in the future. Full article
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