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Membranes
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New Trends in Polymer Inclusion Membranes 2.0
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New Trends in Polymer Inclusion Membranes 2.0

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymeric Membranes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2023) | Viewed by 2591

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Rodríguez de San Miguel Guerrero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Interests: liquid and polymer inclusion membranes; passive sampling; chemometrics; development and validation of analytical methods; experimental design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), in which a carrier is entrapped in a polymeric matrix either in the presence or absence of a plasticizer, have gained attention in recent years due to their specific advantages, such as easy synthesis, effective carrier immobilization, versatility, and good mechanical properties, among others. They are recognized as membranes with outstanding efficiency factors (permeability, selectivity, and stability) and thought to be an alternative to liquid membranes, in which the extracting phase is immobilized within the pores of a polymeric support. Although the main applications of PIMs have been focused on the extraction and separation processes of metal ions and small organic molecules, and most published work reports rely on the facilitated extraction and transport of them, as well as ion-selective membrane electrodes for potentiometric measurements, other important areas of application are emerging every day. These include optode and catalyzer development, their inclusion in energy conversion and passive sampling devices, their applications in speciation measurements and mimicking metal accumulation in organisms and biofilms, their use in sample pretreatment methods, e.g., electromembrane extraction, and nanoparticle synthesis. In addition to cellulose triacetate (CTA) or poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as commonly used supports, new ones are now employed as polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene triblock co-polymer (SBS) or poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP). In addition, new approaches for their synthesis based on diluent-free methods and using green solvents have been recently proposed. PIM characterization by several analytical techniques (e.g., backscattering spectrometry, AFM, FTIR, X-ray, SEM, DSC, TGA, transmission infrared mapping microscopy (TIMM), Far-IR, Raman, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS)) and the application of theoretical schemes to model transport behavior have been employed to conceptualize the interactions, distribution, and behavior of the membrane components, and to identify correlations between membrane structure and transport performance. The understanding of the role that the different PIM components play in membrane transport to facilitate the design of membrane systems for particular applications has been an important area of study in PIM research.

This Special Issue will present a comprehensive overview of the inclusion of PIMs in novel applications, the new synthetic routes, the incorporation of novel carriers, supports, and plasticizers, the progress in integration between PIM characterization and transport performance understanding, to show the progress recently made in PIM technology. All aspects that contribute to successful advancements in designing, understanding, and applying PIMs are of interest and welcome to submission.

I am positive about the impact that this Special Issue will have in the PIM community and how it will serve as a reference for future development.

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Rodríguez de San Miguel Guerrero
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • novel materials for PIMs
  • new fabrication schemes
  • nTransport characterization and modeling
  • applications: passive sampling, catalyst, nanoparticle synthesis, optodes, electrodes, mimicking of biosystems, energy conversion, speciation analysis, sample pretreatment methods
  • transport and separation
  • sensors
  • PIM characterization methods and interpretation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 2447 KiB  
Article
MID-FTIR-PLS Chemometric Analysis of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using a Polymer Inclusion Membrane-Based Sensor
by Armando Martínez de la Peña, Eduardo Rodríguez de San Miguel and Josefina de Gyves
Membranes 2023, 13(8), 740; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080740 - 18 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1025
Abstract
A partial least squares (PLS) quantitative chemometric method based on the analysis of the mid-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MID-FTIR) spectrum of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) used for the extraction of Cr(VI) from aqueous media is developed. The system previously optimized considering the variables [...] Read more.
A partial least squares (PLS) quantitative chemometric method based on the analysis of the mid-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MID-FTIR) spectrum of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) used for the extraction of Cr(VI) from aqueous media is developed. The system previously optimized considering the variables membrane composition, extraction time, and pH, is characterized in terms of its adsorption isotherm, distribution coefficient, extraction percent, and enrichment factor. A Langmuir-type adsorption behavior with KL = 2199 cm3/mmol, qmax = 0.188 mmol/g, and 0 < RL < 1 indicates that metal adsorption is favorable. The characterization of the extraction reaction is performed as well, showing a 1:1 Cr(VI):Aliquat 336 ratio, in agreement with solvent extraction data. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the PIMs reveals a complex pattern, which is satisfactorily simplified and related to Cr(VI) concentrations through the use of a variable selection method (iPLS) in which the bands in the ranges 3451–3500 cm−1 and 3751–3800 cm−1 are chosen. The final PLS model, including the 100 wavelengths selected by iPLS and 10 latent variables, shows excellent parameter values with root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 3.73115, root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 6.82685, bias of −1.91847 × 10−13, cross-validation (CV) bias of 0.185947, R2 Cal of 0.98145, R2 CV of 0.940902, recovery% of 104.02 ± 4.12 (α = 0.05), sensitivity% of 0.001547 ppb, analytical sensitivity (γ) of 3.8 ppb, γ−1: 0.6 ppb−1, selectivity of 0.0155, linear range of 5.8–100 ppb, limit of detection (LD) of 1.9 ppb, and limit of quantitation (LQ) of 5.8 ppb. The developed PIM sensor is easy to implement as it requires few manipulations and a reduced number of chemical compounds in comparison to other similar reported systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Polymer Inclusion Membranes 2.0)
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25 pages, 3783 KiB  
Article
On the Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes for the Selective Separation of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) from Seawater
by Mariana Macías and Eduardo Rodríguez de San Miguel
Membranes 2023, 13(5), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13050512 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1213
Abstract
The synthesis and optimization of polymeric inclusion membranes (PIMs) for the transport of Cd(II) and Pb(II) and their separation from Zn(II) in aqueous saline media are presented. The effects of NaCl concentrations, pH, matrix nature, and metal ion concentrations in the feed phase [...] Read more.
The synthesis and optimization of polymeric inclusion membranes (PIMs) for the transport of Cd(II) and Pb(II) and their separation from Zn(II) in aqueous saline media are presented. The effects of NaCl concentrations, pH, matrix nature, and metal ion concentrations in the feed phase are additionally analyzed. Experimental design strategies were used for the optimization of PIM composition and evaluating competitive transport. Synthetic seawater with 35% salinity, commercial seawater collected from the Gulf of California (Panakos®), and seawater collected from the beach of Tecolutla, Veracruz, Mexico, were employed. The results show an excellent separation behavior in a three-compartment setup using two different PIMs (Aliquat 336 and D2EHPA as carriers, respectively), with the feed phase placed in the central compartment and two different stripping phases placed on both sides: one solution with 0.1 mol/dm3 HCl + 0.1 mol/dm3 NaCl and the other with 0.1 mol/dm3 HNO3. The selective separation of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) from seawater shows separation factors whose values depend on the composition of the seawater media (metal ion concentrations and matrix composition). The PIM system allows S(Cd) and S(Pb)~1000 and 10 < S(Zn) < 1000, depending on the nature of the sample. However, values as high as 10,000 were observed in some experiments, allowing an adequate separation of the metal ions. Analyses of the separation factors in the different compartments in terms of the pertraction mechanism of the metal ions, PIMs stabilities, and preconcentration characteristics of the system are performed as well. A satisfactory preconcentration of the metal ions was observed after each recycling cycle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Polymer Inclusion Membranes 2.0)
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