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Membranes
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Recent Advances in Desalination Based on Membrane Technology
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Recent Advances in Desalination Based on Membrane Technology

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 4569

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Adnan Qamar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
System Modelling and Data Specialist, Water Desalination and Reuse Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
Interests: water desalination technologies; data visualization; computational fluid dynamics; machine learning; membrane desalination; feed spacer design; data science
Dr. Ratul Das

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Senior Manager, Innovation and New Technology, Head for Desalination R&D, ACWA Power, Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia
Interests: membrane-based desalination; nanofiltration; brine management; solar desalination; energy recovery; carbon capture; electrolysis; process modeling; biomimetic and bioinspired membranes; nanofabrication

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The importance of desalination toward humanity’s ability to produce high-quality freshwater sustainably and at a low cost cannot be overstated. Two-thirds of the global population live under severe water scarcity for at least one month a year. Desalination is a proven technology that helps alleviate water stress. Due to its high energy efficiency, membrane-based desalination has gained the limelight as a promising technology to source fresh water. Presently, Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) dominates the global desalination market based on the installed capacity and is replacing thermal technologies (MSF & MED). The process of desalting is still energy intensive and is associated with greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, there is an interest in improving existing technologies and exploring new disruptive technologies with higher efficiencies. 

The special issue on "Recent Advances in Desalination Based on Membrane Technology" of the journal Membranes seeks contributions that explore the state-of-the-art in present desalination practice, emphasizing membrane-based technologies, while identifying future opportunities for improvements and development of potentially disruptive technologies through advances in science.

Dr. Adnan Qamar
Dr. Ratul Das
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • membrane-based desalination
  • nanofiltration
  • solar desalination
  • energy recovery
  • process modeling
  • machine learning

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 14129 KiB  
Article
Joint Modeling and Operational Optimization of a Reverse Osmosis–Mechanical Vapor Recompression System for Coal-Fired Power Plant Wastewater
by Fengling Xie, Yan Zhao, Aipeng Jiang, Rui Zhao, Chuang Li and Jian Wang
Membranes 2024, 14(3), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14030065 - 04 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1010
Abstract
The operation of coal-fired power plants generates a large amount of wastewater. With the issuance of increasingly strict drainage standards, the cost of wastewater treatment is increasing, and the need to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment is becoming increasingly urgent. Thus, based [...] Read more.
The operation of coal-fired power plants generates a large amount of wastewater. With the issuance of increasingly strict drainage standards, the cost of wastewater treatment is increasing, and the need to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment is becoming increasingly urgent. Thus, based on the principles of reverse osmosis (RO) and mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) in wastewater treatment, the operational optimization of an RO-MVR joint system was studied in this work with the consideration of reducing the operating costs of wastewater treatment under given operational conditions. Firstly, based on the basic principles of RO and MVR, corresponding mechanism models were established and their accuracy was verified. Then, an economic model of the RO-MVR joint system was established, with the goal of minimizing the water production unit price and daily operating costs of the joint system for optimization analysis. Finally, we analyzed the cost and water production performance of the RO-MVR joint system before and after optimization under different operating conditions. The results show that this optimization based on the RO-MVR joint system will reduce the unit price of water production to 3.16 CNY/m3, with the daily operating costs being decreased by 22% compared to before optimization. This result helps to reduce the cost of zero-discharge wastewater treatment in coal-fired power plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Desalination Based on Membrane Technology)
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14 pages, 3402 KiB  
Article
In-Situ Modification of Nanofiltration Membranes Using Carbon Nanotubes for Water Treatment
by Catalina Vargas-Figueroa, Luis Pino-Soto, Angelo Beratto-Ramos, Yesid Tapiero, Bernabé Luis Rivas, María Elizabeth Berrio, Manuel Francisco Melendrez and Rodrigo M. Bórquez
Membranes 2023, 13(7), 616; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13070616 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1061
Abstract
Modification of thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes to increase permeability and improve separation performance remains a significant challenge for water scarcity. This study aimed to enhance the permeability and selectivity of two commercial polyamide (PA) NF membranes, NF90 and NF270, by modifying [...] Read more.
Modification of thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes to increase permeability and improve separation performance remains a significant challenge for water scarcity. This study aimed to enhance the permeability and selectivity of two commercial polyamide (PA) NF membranes, NF90 and NF270, by modifying them with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using microwave (MW)-assisted in-situ growth. The conducting polymer, polypyrrole (Ppy), and a ferrocene catalyst were used to facilitate the growth process. Chemical and morphological analyses confirmed that the surface of both membranes was modified. The NF270-Ppy-CNT membrane was selected for ion rejection testing due to its superior permeability compared to the NF90-Ppy-CNT. The modified NF270 membrane showed a 14% increase in ion rejection while maintaining constant water permeability. The results demonstrated that it is feasible to attach CNTs to a polymeric surface without compromising its functional properties. The Spliegler–Kedem model was employed to model the rejection and permeate flux of NF270-Ppy-CNT and NF270 membranes, which indicated that diffusive transport contributes to the modification to increase NaCl rejection. The present study provides a promising approach for modifying membranes by in-situ CNT growth to improve their performance in water treatment applications, such as desalination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Desalination Based on Membrane Technology)
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16 pages, 3266 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Concentration Polarization Due to the Effect of Feed Water Temperature Change on Reverse Osmosis Membranes
by Germán Eduardo Dévora-Isiordia, Cristian Ascención Cásares-De la Torre, Deemi Paola Morales-Mendívil, Rosario Montoya-Pizeno, Nicolás Velázquez-Limón, Jesús Armando Aguilar-Jiménez and Juan Ríos-Arriola
Membranes 2023, 13(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010003 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1654
Abstract
Water is a necessary resource for life development. Its excessive consumption has a negative impact, generating scarcity problems worldwide. Desalination is an alternative to solve these problems; its objective is to reduce the concentration of total dissolved solids to levels suitable for consumption. [...] Read more.
Water is a necessary resource for life development. Its excessive consumption has a negative impact, generating scarcity problems worldwide. Desalination is an alternative to solve these problems; its objective is to reduce the concentration of total dissolved solids to levels suitable for consumption. The most widely used desalination technology is reverse osmosis, which works by means of semipermeable membranes; however, lack of knowledge or wrong operation cause phenomena such as concentration polarization, which reduces the effective area for mass transfer in the membrane, increasing the energy consumption of the process. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the concentration polarization (β) of the concentration in reverse osmosis membranes by varying the temperature in the feed water (23, 25.5, 28, and 35 °C) for different concentrations (5000 and 10,000 mg L−1) in order to reduce its impact on energy consumption (kWh m−3). The results show that as the temperature increases, the specific energy consumption decreases for both concentrations. In the 5000 mg L−1 tests, the specific energy consumption decreased by 0.590 kWh m−3, representing 12.5%. For 10,000 mg L−1 tests, the specific energy consumption shows a reduction of 0.72 kWh m−3, which represents a percentage decrease of 14.54%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Desalination Based on Membrane Technology)
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