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Membranes
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Membranes for Particle Separation
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Membranes for Particle Separation

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 8715

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hidetaka Kawakita

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Saga, Japan
Interests: filtration of particles; gel-packed layer for separation of particles; metal nanoparticle recovery from viscous polymers and colloidal solutions; particle separation by fluid flow; saccharide recovery of germanium-immobilized resin; extraction of useful compounds from microalgae
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Particle separation by membranes has been intensely studied in the field of chemical engineering and bioengineering. Not only should membrane preparation with inorganic and polymeric materials and functionalization with polymers and functional groups to the pore be considered, but also the efficiency of the particle. Moreover, during particle capturing, the permeability probably decreases, requiring the design of a membrane to prevent fouling. These kinds of membrane are currently applied to ceramics, biomolecules of food engineering, microorganisms, and exosomes.

We invite manuscripts relating to membranes for particle separation that stress membrane preparation, mathematical models, and applications to particles with various sizes and elasticities.

Prof. Dr. Hidetaka Kawakita
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • membrane
  • particle separation
  • mathematical model
  • food protein and biomacromolecules
  • microorganism
  • exosomes

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2956 KiB  
Article
Yeast Cell Cake Characterization in Alcohol Solution for Efficient Microfiltration
by Nobuyuki Katagiri, Keisuke Tomimatsu, Keiichi Date and Eiji Iritani
Membranes 2021, 11(2), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020089 - 27 Jan 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2047
Abstract
Microfiltration is widely used to remove microbial cells from the fermentation broth in the downstream processing of biotechnological products. Because filtration behaviors are strongly affected by the characteristics of the microbial cell cake formed on the surface of the membrane, insights into the [...] Read more.
Microfiltration is widely used to remove microbial cells from the fermentation broth in the downstream processing of biotechnological products. Because filtration behaviors are strongly affected by the characteristics of the microbial cell cake formed on the surface of the membrane, insights into the cake structure facilitate the design and operation of filter equipment and membranes. In the alcohol fermentation process using a yeast strain, the cake characteristics are considered to be complicated because yeast cells are strongly influenced by external factors such as filtration pressure and alcohol concentration. In this study, we evaluated the membrane filtration properties, in particular the cake characteristics of a yeast suspension containing alcohol. Microfiltration experiments were performed in the dead-end filtration mode using yeast suspensions with several ethanol concentrations (0–20 wt%) under constant pressure. Flux decline behaviors caused by yeast cake were put in a similar form for 0–15 wt% ethanol concentrations. In contrast, a severe flux decline was observed for the suspension with 20 wt% ethanol concentration. It was also observed that in the membrane filtration of yeast cells with 20 wt% ethanol concentration, the cake structure became denser and the filtration resistance remarkably increased because of cellular destruction. Furthermore, the yeast cake exhibited a high compressibility in the solution containing a 20 wt% ethanol concentration. Therefore, the filtration rate of the alcoholic fermentation broth is not significantly improved by increased pressure due to the increase in the cake resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membranes for Particle Separation)
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9 pages, 3662 KiB  
Communication
Recovery of Filtered Particles by Elastic Flat-Sheet Membrane with Cross Flow
by Manoka Miyoshi, Shintaro Morisada, Keisuke Ohto and Hidetaka Kawakita
Membranes 2021, 11(2), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020071 - 20 Jan 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1375
Abstract
After filtration, filtered residue is recovered by a spoon, during which, the structure of the residue is destroyed, and the activity of the microorganism would be reduced. Thus, a more efficient recovery method of filtered residue is required. This study addressed the recovery [...] Read more.
After filtration, filtered residue is recovered by a spoon, during which, the structure of the residue is destroyed, and the activity of the microorganism would be reduced. Thus, a more efficient recovery method of filtered residue is required. This study addressed the recovery method of filtered residue by the restoration of an elastic membrane, followed by cross flow. An elastic membrane composed of a copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and polyacrylonitrile was prepared by photopolymerization. The pore diameter of the obtained membrane was about 10 μm. Silica particle (1 and 10 μm) and Nannochloropsis sp. (2 μm) suspension was filtered, demonstrating that silica particles of 10 μm were filtered perfectly, whereas the filtration percentage of 1 μm silica particles and Nannochloropsis sp. was lower. After the filtration, the applied pressure was released to restore the elastic membrane which moved the filtered particles up, then the filtered residue was recovered by cross flow above the membrane, demonstrating that 71% of the filtered 10 μm silica particles was recovered. The elastic behavior of the membrane, along with the cross flow, has the potential to be used as a technique for the recovery of the filtered residues. This proposed scheme would be used for the particle recovery of ceramics, cells, and microorganisms from a lab scale to a large-scale plant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membranes for Particle Separation)
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26 pages, 6533 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Polypropylene and Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes Applied for Separation of 1,3-PD Fermentation Broths and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Suspensions
by Wirginia Tomczak and Marek Gryta
Membranes 2021, 11(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010044 - 08 Jan 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2994
Abstract
In recent years, microfiltration (MF) has gained great interest as an excellent technique for clarification of biological suspensions. This paper addresses a direct comparison of efficiency, performance and susceptibility to cleaning of the ceramic and polymeric MF membranes applied for purification of 1,3-propanediol [...] Read more.
In recent years, microfiltration (MF) has gained great interest as an excellent technique for clarification of biological suspensions. This paper addresses a direct comparison of efficiency, performance and susceptibility to cleaning of the ceramic and polymeric MF membranes applied for purification of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) fermentation broths and suspensions of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For this purpose, ceramic, titanium dioxide (TiO2) based membranes and polypropylene (PP) membranes were used. It has been found that both TiO2 and PP membranes provide sterile permeate during filtration of 1,3-PD broths. However, the ceramic membrane, due to the smaller pore diameter, allowed obtaining a better quality permeate. All the membranes used were highly susceptible to fouling with the components of the clarified broths and yeast suspensions. The significant impact of the feed flow velocity and fermentation broth composition on the relative permeate flux has been demonstrated. Suitable cleaning agents with selected concentration and duration of action effectively cleaned the ceramic membrane. In turn, the use of aggressive cleaning solutions led to degradation of the PP membranes matrix. Findings of this study add to a growing body of literature on the use of ceramic and polypropylene MF membranes for the clarification of biological suspensions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membranes for Particle Separation)
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13 pages, 2195 KiB  
Article
Filtration of Elastic Polymers and Spherical Gels through a Silica-Deposited Layer on a Porous Membrane
by Takanori Hidane, Hidemi Kitani, Shintaro Morisada, Keisuke Ohto, Hidetaka Kawakita and Sachiko Furuta
Membranes 2021, 11(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010022 - 28 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1633
Abstract
A 120-nm silica suspension was permeated through a porous polyethylene (PE) hollow-fiber membrane, as was a solution of deformable elastic particles of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gel and dextran. The amount adsorbed and flux of permeation were analyzed with ordinary differential equations to [...] Read more.
A 120-nm silica suspension was permeated through a porous polyethylene (PE) hollow-fiber membrane, as was a solution of deformable elastic particles of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gel and dextran. The amount adsorbed and flux of permeation were analyzed with ordinary differential equations to obtain adsorption coefficients, maximum amounts adsorbed, and pore-narrowing factors. The thickness of the “silica-deposited layer” on the membrane was 1 μm. In a batch adsorption mode, 5.0 mg of PNIPAM gel and 30 mg of dextran were adsorbed on the PE membrane, with no adsorption on the silica. The PE membrane pores were narrowed by a secondary layer of adsorbed PNIPAM gel. When filtered through the silica-deposited layer, PNIPAM gel occupies gaps, resulting in a reduced permeation flux. Dextran passed through the silica-deposited layer and was partially adsorbed on the PE membrane. The modified membrane can control adsorption, filtration, and flux permeation, which leads to dynamic membrane separations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membranes for Particle Separation)
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