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Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steels in Natural and Industrial Environments—2nd...
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Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steels in Natural and Industrial Environments—2nd Edition

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion and Protection".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 2757

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Luis Cáceres

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
Interests: electrochemistry and corrosion; water treatment; circular economy and renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon steels are iron–carbon alloys containing up to 2% carbon with manganese, silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus as main impurities, and they are usually soft and have low strength. However, because of their low cost and high ductility, which impart excellent machining and welding properties, they are the most common metallic materials used in structures and metallic parts exposed to a wide variety of conditions.

Carbon steel degradation upon exposure to natural environments—either water bodies or atmospheric—is a major issue with regard to the cost of metallic corrosion in all sectors of engineering. The corrosion of steel is a very complex issue affected by many factors, and consequently, no general solution exists for this problem. It is imperative to maintain continuous development regarding specific conditions where steel corrosion takes place. This Special Issue, entitled “Corrosion Behavior of Steels in Natural and Industrial Environments”, addresses all relevant aspects of carbon steel corrosion, including basic corrosion mechanisms in atmospheric conditions (natural or contaminated) or aqueous media (fresh, seawater, and saline waters), kinetic studies under quiescent and hydrodynamic conditions, different forms of corrosion, instrumental analysis for corrosion product characterization, surface morphology corrosion rate determination, biocorrosion characterization, and industrial applications under exceptional conditions where carbon steel exhibit high corrosion resistance. Articles regarding corrosion prevention are also welcome, particularly corrosion inhibition by natural products, cathodic protection in the form of either impressed currents or sacrificial anodes, and results from long-lasting corrosion studies regarding different corrosion prevention techniques for carbon steel structures in rural areas, industrial infrastructure, and pilot experiments.

Dr. Luis Cáceres
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbon steel
  • atmospheric corrosion
  • corrosion kinetics
  • galvanic corrosion
  • biocorrosion
  • corrosion inhibitors
  • cathodic protection
  • anodic protection

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 7847 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon Steel ASTM A36 in Diluted Pregnant Leach Solutions from Electrowinning of Copper
by Luis Cáceres, Alvaro Soliz and Felipe M. Galleguillos-Madrid
Metals 2024, 14(3), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14030329 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 727
Abstract
In Northern Chile, large amounts of highly corrosive solutions are currently generated in the process of cathode washing after completing the electrowinning or electrorefining process of copper. This study investigates the electrochemical behavior of ASTM A36 carbon steel in pregnant-leach-solution (PLS) wash water. [...] Read more.
In Northern Chile, large amounts of highly corrosive solutions are currently generated in the process of cathode washing after completing the electrowinning or electrorefining process of copper. This study investigates the electrochemical behavior of ASTM A36 carbon steel in pregnant-leach-solution (PLS) wash water. Measurements of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry, complemented with weight loss measurements, were performed. Four ratios of PLS containing reverse osmosis (RO) water are evaluated, considering both quiescent and rotating conditions of the steel specimen. The results indicate that oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, and iron oxidation reactions are all involved during the corrosion of carbon steel in pure RO water, with the corrosion rate increasing up to 4 times under rotating conditions. In the case of corrosion in RO wash water containing PLS, a galvanic process occurs whereby copper is reduced at the expense of iron oxidation, superimposed on former partial reactions. The deposited copper induces notable corrosion inhibition of steel, observed as a significant drop in corrosion rate from high initial to constant residual values. Morphological and X-ray analyses support that corrosion is affected by oxide layer formation and galvanic copper deposition, confirming the results obtained from electrochemical analysis and weight loss measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steels in Natural and Industrial Environments—2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 7024 KiB  
Article
Effects of Passivation with Cu and W on the Corrosion Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel PRE 42
by Dohyung Kim, Seongjun Kim, Jinyong Park, Doo-In Kim, Byung-Hyun Shin and Jang-Hee Yoon
Metals 2024, 14(3), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14030284 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 768
Abstract
Carbon steel is subjected to several pretreatments to enable its use in highly corrosive environments, such as marine structures. However, its surface treatment is problematic owing to various processes, and these problems can be solved by replacing it with super duplex stainless steel [...] Read more.
Carbon steel is subjected to several pretreatments to enable its use in highly corrosive environments, such as marine structures. However, its surface treatment is problematic owing to various processes, and these problems can be solved by replacing it with super duplex stainless steel (SDSS), which exhibits remarkable strength and corrosion resistance owing to its austenite and ferrite phases. EN 1.4410 and EN 1.4501 are the most extensively used SDSS grades in marine structures, as they exhibit exceptional strength and corrosion resistance in seawater. This study subjected EN 1.4410 and EN 1.4501 samples to specific heat treatment after casting and observed their structural alterations through field emission scanning electron microscopy. Their passivation states, with or without the Cu and W layers, were determined by examining their corrosion properties through open-circuit potential measurements, electrostatic polarisation tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and critical pitting temperature (CPT) analysis. The inclusion of Cu significantly improved the uniform corrosion resistance within the passivation layers, whereas the addition of W enhanced the pitting resistance (Epit, CPT). Additionally, the EIS analysis confirmed a double-layer structure in the passivation layer of EN 1.4501. Moreover, Cu did not act as a strengthening element of the passivation layer, whereas W significantly reinforced it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steels in Natural and Industrial Environments—2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 5076 KiB  
Article
An Experimental Investigation on the Relation between Corrosion and Thermohydraulic Behavior in Heat Exchangers for Geothermal Applications
by Arne Simons, Willem Faes, Tom Depover, Steven Lecompte, Michel De Paepe and Kim Verbeken
Metals 2024, 14(2), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14020217 - 9 Feb 2024
Viewed by 760
Abstract
The potential use of carbon steel in CO2-saturated brine is studied for its potential use in heat exchangers in geothermal applications. A dedicated setup, including a double-pipe heat exchanger, is developed to study the relation between corrosion and the thermohydraulic behavior [...] Read more.
The potential use of carbon steel in CO2-saturated brine is studied for its potential use in heat exchangers in geothermal applications. A dedicated setup, including a double-pipe heat exchanger, is developed to study the relation between corrosion and the thermohydraulic behavior inside heat exchangers. Hot brine flows inside the inner carbon steel tube, thus corroding the inner surface of this tube. The thermohydraulic behavior of the heat exchanger, i.e., the pressure drop over the pipe and the heat transfer rate through the pipe, are continuously monitored. On the other hand, weight-loss experiments and microscopic analyses are performed on samples that are periodically removed from the setup. The corrosion rate is studied as a function of temperature, i.e., the entrance vs. the exit of the heat-exchanging section, and flow. Therefore, an experiment with static brine and a uniform temperature is used as a reference. The corrosion rate is generally higher in dynamic compared to static conditions. Furthermore, the corrosion rate increases with increasing temperature in dynamic conditions, whereas it decreases with increasing temperature in static conditions. These observations might be explained by the different corrosion products that formed. The corrosion products have no significant effect on the pressure drop over the pipe, but clear fluctuations in the heat transfer coefficient are observed. The origin of these fluctuations should be further studied before the observed heat transfer coefficient can be used as a measure for corrosion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steels in Natural and Industrial Environments—2nd Edition)
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