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Metals
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High Temperature Corrosion or Oxidation of Metals and Alloys
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High Temperature Corrosion or Oxidation of Metals and Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion and Protection".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 14198

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Guangming Cao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
Interests: high temperature corrosion; structure transformation; iron oxide scale; numerical analysis and prediction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Hao Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
The State Key Lab of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: high temperature oxidation, oxide scale; FeO eutectoid transformation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metals is launching a new Special Issue entitled “High Temperature Corrosion or Oxidation of Metals and Alloys.” The Special Issue will provide a platform for presenting the latest experimental and theoretical results in this innovative field. The research is not limited to the results from the laboratory, and can also include the evaluation of the experimental results of metals or alloys that have been produced in large quantities. The Special Issue covers the formation of oxidation or corrosion phases, phase transformation behavior, mechanism models and numerical analyses. We especially appreciate innovative studies on overcoming the oxidation or corrosion mechanism models and prediction with value or image data in industrial production.

I would be delighted if you would be willing to contribute an original or review article to this Special Issue.

Dr. Guangming Cao
Guest Editor

Hao Wang
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high-temperature corrosion
  • high-temperature oxidation
  • structure transformation
  • iron oxide scale
  • numerical analysis and prediction

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 7329 KiB  
Article
Study of Corrosion Performance and Mechanisms of P91, 304SS and IN625 Alloys in Molten Nitrate Salts Used for Thermal Energy Storage System
by Ning Li, Naeem ul Haq Tariq, Botao Han, Rui He, Jiqiang Wang, Xinyu Cui and Tianying Xiong
Metals 2023, 13(4), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13040806 - 20 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1685
Abstract
The corrosion performance of P91, 304SS and IN625 alloys was evaluated in simulated Solar Salt at 565 °C for up to 15 days. Results revealed that IN625 exhibited the best corrosion resistance with the evolution of thin and compact dual-structured oxide scales. 304SS [...] Read more.
The corrosion performance of P91, 304SS and IN625 alloys was evaluated in simulated Solar Salt at 565 °C for up to 15 days. Results revealed that IN625 exhibited the best corrosion resistance with the evolution of thin and compact dual-structured oxide scales. 304SS experienced a great corrosion rate at the initial stage, but showed protective behavior in the later period. A linear mass gain rate was observed for P91, which may result in breakaway corrosion during prolonged immersion time. Finally, the underlying corrosion mechanisms were revealed, providing important guidelines for selecting applicable materials for corrosion mitigation in thermal energy storage (TES) system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Corrosion or Oxidation of Metals and Alloys)
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12 pages, 10957 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Roles of Nb and Mo in the Formation of Oxides on Fe-20Cr-25Ni-Nb Stainless Steels in High-Temperature CO2
by Minrui Ran, Qihan Wang, Yinsheng He, Hongyu Zhou, Yunhao Huang, Wenyue Zheng and Rui Tang
Metals 2023, 13(4), 665; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13040665 - 27 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1455
Abstract
Fe-20Cr-25Ni-Nb steel is an important material for developing highly compact and efficient nuclear power systems by using the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle. The in-core materials should possess excellent oxidation resistance in a high-temperature CO2 environment. In this work, a new 20Cr-25Ni-Nb [...] Read more.
Fe-20Cr-25Ni-Nb steel is an important material for developing highly compact and efficient nuclear power systems by using the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle. The in-core materials should possess excellent oxidation resistance in a high-temperature CO2 environment. In this work, a new 20Cr-25Ni-Nb steel with a minor Mo addition was developed, and its oxidation behavior was investigated in a pure CO2 environment at 650 °C under 3.5 MPa. The experimental results show that the oxidation kinetics of the steels followed the parabolic law with the test time, and the oxidation process was controlled by diffusion. The 20Cr-25Ni-Nb steel showed better oxidation resistance after Mo addition, which was attributed to the synergistic effects of Nb and Mo during the oxide scale formation process. In a high-temperature environment, the volatilization of Mo promoted the outward diffusion of Nb, resulting in the formation of an Nb-rich layer at the oxide/metal interface, which slowed the outward diffusion of Fe for the formation of the outermost Fe-oxide layer. Although the volatile nature of Mo at high temperatures promoted the outward diffusion of Nb, the addition of Mo had no significant influence on the overall structure of the oxide scales, which consisted of an outer Cr-rich oxide layer and an inner spinel oxide layer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Corrosion or Oxidation of Metals and Alloys)
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16 pages, 3925 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Mn–Co Alloys Electrodeposited on AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel for SOFC Interconnect Applications
by Saravut Thanedburapasup, Nattapol Wetchirarat, Angkana Muengjai, Watcharapon Tengprasert, Panya Wiman, Thammaporn Thublaor, Putinun Uawongsuwan, Thamrongsin Siripongsakul and Somrerk Chandra-ambhorn
Metals 2023, 13(3), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030612 - 18 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1942
Abstract
Mn–Co alloys were electroplated on AISI 430 stainless steel using an electrodeposition technique with the aim to reduce oxidation and chromium volatilization. The electroplating parameters were designed to improve the coating quality. The increased current density with decreased MnSO4 content resulted in [...] Read more.
Mn–Co alloys were electroplated on AISI 430 stainless steel using an electrodeposition technique with the aim to reduce oxidation and chromium volatilization. The electroplating parameters were designed to improve the coating quality. The increased current density with decreased MnSO4 content resulted in a denser coating layer. A sample coated with 0.10 M CoSO4 and 0.50 MnSO4 at 350 mA cm−2 showed the best oxidation resistance after being oxidized at 800 °C for 90 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) result revealed that the oxide growth on the surface of the coated samples mainly formed oxides of MnCo2O4, MnCr2O4, and Cr2O3. The chromium volatilization was evaluated by exposing the coated samples to humidified synthetic air at 800 °C for 96 h. The mass flux of Cr volatilization was on the order of 10−11 g cm−2 s−1. Furthermore, different heat treatments in O2 and CO2 atmospheres were compared. Annealing in CO2 at 800 °C for 4 h helped increase the Mn–Co coating density. The relationship between the porosity and its failure behavior was also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Corrosion or Oxidation of Metals and Alloys)
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14 pages, 17199 KiB  
Article
Eutectoid Transformation Kinetics of FeO under N2 and Air Atmospheres
by Hao Wang, Guangming Cao, Silin Li, Wencong Zhao and Zhenyu Liu
Metals 2023, 13(2), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020220 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1483
Abstract
The effect of different oxygen content on eutectoid transformation kinetics in FeO were studied in this paper. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to investigate the eutectoid reaction in the oxide formed on pure Fe after being exposed to air at 900 °C for 10 [...] Read more.
The effect of different oxygen content on eutectoid transformation kinetics in FeO were studied in this paper. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to investigate the eutectoid reaction in the oxide formed on pure Fe after being exposed to air at 900 °C for 10 min. The oxidized specimens were held isothermally in N2 and air from 100 s to 10,000 s in the temperature range of 350 to 550 °C, and the morphologies in FeO were observed by electron probe microanalysis. The results of the eutectoid transformation are statistically analyzed, and the dynamic model of the FeO eutectoid transformation is established based on the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation. Combined with the measured values and the calculation results, the time of eutectoid reaction in air is earlier than that in N2. Under the experimental conditions, the formation of Fe3O4 seams can occur at the interface of the FeO-substrate after the eutectoid reaction has begun, which means the eutectoid reaction is more determined by local ion concentration changes. At the Fe3O4-FeO interface, there is a high concentration enrichment of Fe ions, giving priority to the formation of Fe-rich FeO, which makes the eutectoid phase transition time earlier than in N2 conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Corrosion or Oxidation of Metals and Alloys)
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15 pages, 4913 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Evaluation of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels in Molten Carbonate Salts at 600 °C for Thermal Energy Storage
by Miguel Morales, Laura Cabezas, Manuel Castro-Alloca, Gemma Fargas, Luis Llanes and Antonio Mateo
Metals 2022, 12(12), 2190; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122190 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2451
Abstract
Next-generation concentrated solar power (CSP) plants are required to operate at temperatures as high as possible to reach a better energy efficiency. This means significant challenges for the construction materials in terms of corrosion resistance, among others. In the present work, the corrosion [...] Read more.
Next-generation concentrated solar power (CSP) plants are required to operate at temperatures as high as possible to reach a better energy efficiency. This means significant challenges for the construction materials in terms of corrosion resistance, among others. In the present work, the corrosion behavior in a molten eutectic ternary Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3 mixture at 600 °C was studied for three stainless steels: an austenitic grade AISI 301LN (SS301) and two duplex grades, namely 2205 (DS2205) and 2507 (DS2507). Corrosion tests combined with complementary microscopy, microanalysis and mechanical characterization techniques were employed to determine the corrosion kinetics of the steels and the oxide scales formed on the surface. The results showed that all three materials exhibited a corrosion kinetics close to a parabolic law, and their corrosion rates increased in the following order: DS2507 < SS301 < DS2205. The analyses of the oxide scales evidenced an arranged multilayer system with LiFeO2, LiCrO2, FeCr2O4 and NiO as the main compounds. While the Ni-rich inner layer of the scales presented a good adhesion to the metallic substrate, the outer layer formed by LiFeO2 exhibited a higher concentration of porosity and voids. Both the Cr and Ni contents at the inner layer and the defects at the outer layer were crucial for the corrosion resistance for each steel. Among the studied materials, super duplex stainless steel 2507 is found to be the most promising alternative for thermal energy storage of those structural components for CSP plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Corrosion or Oxidation of Metals and Alloys)
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15 pages, 6010 KiB  
Article
Duplex Stainless Steels for Thermal Energy Storage: Characterization of Oxide Scales Formed in Carbonate Salts at 500 °C
by Miguel Morales, Sandra Gordon, Óscar Fernández-Arana, Fernando García-Marro, Antonio Mateo, Luis Llanes and Gemma Fargas
Metals 2022, 12(12), 2156; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122156 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1873
Abstract
Next generation concentrated solar power (CSP) plants promise a higher operating temperature and better efficiency. However, new issues related to the corrosion against protection of the construction alloys need to be solved. In this work, two different duplex stainless steels grades, namely 2205 [...] Read more.
Next generation concentrated solar power (CSP) plants promise a higher operating temperature and better efficiency. However, new issues related to the corrosion against protection of the construction alloys need to be solved. In this work, two different duplex stainless steels grades, namely 2205 (DS2205) and 2507 (DS2507), were evaluated for their compatibility with the eutectic molten salt mixture of Li2CO3-K2CO3-Na2CO3 at 500 °C in air for thermal energy storage applications. Corrosion tests combined with complementary microscopy, microanalysis and mechanical techniques were employed to study the oxide scales formed on the surface of the duplex steels. The corrosion tests evidenced that the attack morphology in both duplex steels was a uniform oxidative process without localized corrosion. DS2507 presented a better corrosion resistance than DS2205, due to the formation of thinner, compact and continuous oxide layers with higher compositional content in Cr, Ni and Mo than DS2205. The oxide scales of DS2507 showed more remarkable mechanical integrity and adhesion to the metallic substrate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Corrosion or Oxidation of Metals and Alloys)
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13 pages, 6920 KiB  
Article
Effect of Process Control Agent on Microstructures and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of a Nickel-Based ODS Alloy
by Zhe Mao, Jing Li, Shi Liu and Liangyin Xiong
Metals 2022, 12(6), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12061029 - 17 Jun 2022
Viewed by 2151
Abstract
Two nickel-based oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloys supplemented with different amounts of process control agent (PCA) were prepared. The microstructures including grains and nanometric oxides and the subsequent oxidation behavior of these ODS alloys were investigated. It was found that the distribution of nanometric oxides [...] Read more.
Two nickel-based oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloys supplemented with different amounts of process control agent (PCA) were prepared. The microstructures including grains and nanometric oxides and the subsequent oxidation behavior of these ODS alloys were investigated. It was found that the distribution of nanometric oxides in the nickel-based ODS alloy is uniform and the grains are refined by adding a proper amount of PCA in the mechanical milling, while the blocking effect on the diffusion of active elements Y, Al and Ti among powders takes place with an excessive amount of PCA, resulting in the precipitation of large-size oxides in local areas of the alloy. After oxidation in air at 1000 °C for 200 h, the oxide scales on the surface of both nickel-based ODS alloys are composed of Cr2O3. As Y-rich oxide particles are precipitated in the matrix, the thickness of the oxide scale is significantly reduced compared with non-ODS alloys. However, due to the influence of grain boundaries on the diffusion of elements, the oxide scale on the surface of an alloy with finer grain size is thicker. The oxidation resistance of ODS alloys strongly depends on the exact manufacturing process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Temperature Corrosion or Oxidation of Metals and Alloys)
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