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Metals
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Recycling of Metal-Based Compounds for Energy and Technology Applications
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Recycling of Metal-Based Compounds for Energy and Technology Applications

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 16421

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Claudio Pistidda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, Institute of Hydrogen Technology, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Interests: energy storage; energy conversion; hydrogen technology; metal hydrides; material science and technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metals play a crucial role in supporting the global economy and the wellbeing of humankind. Via supporting the constantly increasing demands of metal-based products, the extraction of mineral resources has increased, over the last decade, at a faster rate than economic growth. This trend is forecasted to steadily increase in the near future, thus leading to concerns over the exploitation of the Earth´s natural resources and over the environmental impact of the extraction of metal source causes.

In this scenario, the recycling of metals from materials or products that reached their end of life allows saving resources and energy while simultaneously preventing the depletion of virgin natural sources and the release of harmful pollutants into the environment.

In facing challenges ahead of our society such as climate change, energy supply, energy storage, and transportation, the sustainability (e.g. recyclability and/or use of recycled materials) of the developed materials and technologies must be kept into account.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to publish original high-quality research papers, as well as review articles addressed to the recycling and/or development of energy-related materials and technologies. Potential topical areas include, but are not limited to:

  • Recycling in Hydrogen Technology
  • Recycling in Battery Technology
  • Recycling in Carbon Capture and Utilization Technologies
  • Recycling in Solar Energy Harvesting Applications
  • Recycling of Catalysts Relevant to Energy Applications
  • Recycling in the Transportation Sector

Dr. Claudio Pistidda
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Hydrogen technology
  • Battery technology
  • CCU technology
  • Solar energy technology
  • Catalyst recovery
  • Transport sector
  • Metal recycling methodology
  • Metal recycling perspective
  • Metal recycling policies

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 30772 KiB  
Article
Spherical CdS Nanoparticles Precipitated from a Cadmium Thiosulfate Complex Using Ultraviolet Light for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
by Fengling Liu, Chao Han, Panbo Sun, Guangxin Wang, Jiwen Li and Qinghua Chang
Metals 2023, 13(3), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030554 - 09 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1190
Abstract
Thiosulfate is an inorganic ligand that forms a soluble light-sensitive cadmium thiosulfate complex, and cadmium sulfide (CdS) with a “size effect” can be produced via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This study investigated the activity of CdS nanoparticles (NPs) precipitated from a cadmium thiosulfate complex [...] Read more.
Thiosulfate is an inorganic ligand that forms a soluble light-sensitive cadmium thiosulfate complex, and cadmium sulfide (CdS) with a “size effect” can be produced via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This study investigated the activity of CdS nanoparticles (NPs) precipitated from a cadmium thiosulfate complex via UV irradiation on photocatalytic dye degeneration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the decomposition products were spherical CdS NPs. The photocatalytic activity of the CdS NPs was evaluated based on the degradation rates of methylene blue, rhodamine B, and methyl orange. With 25 mg of CdS NPs and a dye concentration of 10 mg L−1, the degradation rates of the three dyes under visible light were 36%, 90%, and 80%, respectively. A kinetic study revealed that the photocatalytic degradation rate of the CdS NPs followed first-order kinetics, and the rate constants for the three dyes were determined to be 0.0051, 0.0762, and 0.0144 min−1, respectively. The CdS NPs exhibited a stable photocatalytic performance after three cycles of methylene blue degradation. This indicates that CdS NPs formed from a cadmium thiosulfate complex after UV irradiation can be used for photocatalysis, which will save resources and help in environmental conservation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling of Metal-Based Compounds for Energy and Technology Applications)
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12 pages, 4699 KiB  
Article
TiO2–SnO2 Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Environmental Remediation under UV-Light
by Sandip M. Deshmukh, Santosh S. Patil, Santosh B. Babar, Sultan Alshehri, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Asiya M. Tamboli, Nguyen Hoang Lam, Nguyen Tam Nguyen Truong, Chang Duk Kim, Mohaseen S. Tamboli, Sanjay M. Khetre and Sambhaji R. Bamane
Metals 2022, 12(5), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050733 - 26 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2155
Abstract
The photocatalytic removal of water contaminants for ecological systems has become essential in the past few decades. Consequently, for commercialization, cost-efficient, earth-abundant and easy to synthesize photocatalysts for dye degradation are of urgent need. We have demonstrated a simple and feasible approach for [...] Read more.
The photocatalytic removal of water contaminants for ecological systems has become essential in the past few decades. Consequently, for commercialization, cost-efficient, earth-abundant and easy to synthesize photocatalysts for dye degradation are of urgent need. We have demonstrated a simple and feasible approach for fabricating TiO2–SnO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts via urea-assisted-thermal-decomposition with different mass ratios. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by different physicochemical techniques. The phase formation and crystallite size were calculated by using XRD. The STEM, UV-Vis, DRS, HR-TEM and EDS revealed the effective formation of the heterojunction between TiO2 and SnO2, and enrichment in the UV-absorption spectrum. All synthesized materials were used for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) under UV light. The optimized results of the TiO2–SnO2 nanocomposite showed excellent photostability and photocatalytic activity over a number of degradation-reaction cycles of methyl-orange (MO) dye under the illumination of ultraviolet light. In addition, the recent method has great potential to be applied as a proficient method for mixed-metal-oxide-nanocomposite synthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling of Metal-Based Compounds for Energy and Technology Applications)
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12 pages, 3676 KiB  
Article
Fabrication and Characterization of the Broccoli-like Structured CuO Thin Films Synthesized by a Facile Hydrothermal Method and Its Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Application
by Nguyen Hoang Lam, Nguyen Tam Nguyen Truong, Chau Thi Thanh Thuy, Mohaseen S. Tamboli, Asiya M. Tamboli, Jinjoo Jung, Kwang-soon Ahn, Chang-Duk Kim and Jae Hak Jung
Metals 2022, 12(3), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030484 - 13 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1991
Abstract
CuO thin films with broccoli-like structure were prepared using a facile hydrothermal method to construct photocathodes for water-splitting application. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of thin films were characterized and measured using several techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), [...] Read more.
CuO thin films with broccoli-like structure were prepared using a facile hydrothermal method to construct photocathodes for water-splitting application. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of thin films were characterized and measured using several techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The thickness, structure, and morphology of CuO thin films can be controlled by varying the precursor concentration (Cp) and reaction temperature (Tr), which are also discussed. Moreover, the electrical properties of CuO thin films were also measured in the three-electrode system. The photocurrent density of photocathodes, when synthesized by a 0.5 M solution at 150 °C for 12 h, was 0.5 mA/cm2 at −0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which is 1.8 times higher than that of photocathodes synthesized in a 0.1 M solution at 100 °C with the same reaction time. In addition, increasing the reaction temperature and precursor concentration aided in the enhancement of the IPCE and APCE values, which peaked at a wavelength range of 330–400 nm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling of Metal-Based Compounds for Energy and Technology Applications)
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17 pages, 4280 KiB  
Article
Decoating of Electrode Foils from EOL Lithium-Ion Batteries by Electrohydraulic Fragmentation
by Tony Lyon, Thomas Mütze and Urs A. Peuker
Metals 2022, 12(2), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12020209 - 23 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2731
Abstract
In order to ensure environmentally friendly mobility, electric drives are increasingly being used. As a result, the number of used lithium-ion batteries has been rising steadily for years. To ensure a closed recycling loop, these batteries must be recycled in an energy- and [...] Read more.
In order to ensure environmentally friendly mobility, electric drives are increasingly being used. As a result, the number of used lithium-ion batteries has been rising steadily for years. To ensure a closed recycling loop, these batteries must be recycled in an energy- and raw material-efficient manner. For this purpose, hydrometallurgical processes are combined with mechanical pre-treatment, including disintegration by mills, crushers and/or shears. Alternatively, electrohydraulic fragmentation (EHF) is also of great interest, as it is considered to have a selective fragmentation effect. For a better comparison, different application scenarios of EHF with other methods of mechanical process engineering for the treatment of lithium-ion batteries are investigated in the present study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling of Metal-Based Compounds for Energy and Technology Applications)
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23 pages, 13260 KiB  
Article
Platinum Recovered from Automotive Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Exhaust Systems in Hydrometallurgical Operation
by Sotiria Papagianni, Anastasia-Maria Moschovi, Ekaterini Polyzou and Iakovos Yakoumis
Metals 2022, 12(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010031 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4309
Abstract
The current study is focused on platinum recovery from the secondary sources of end-of-life heavy-duty diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) and heavy-duty catalyzed diesel particulate filters (c-DPFs) in order to reduce the supply–demand gap within the European Union. The extraction of platinum was based [...] Read more.
The current study is focused on platinum recovery from the secondary sources of end-of-life heavy-duty diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) and heavy-duty catalyzed diesel particulate filters (c-DPFs) in order to reduce the supply–demand gap within the European Union. The extraction of platinum was based on a hydrometallurgical single-step low acidity leaching system (HCl-H2O2-NaCl) and a calcination step that takes place before the leaching process. The parameters of calcination and leaching process were thoroughly investigated in order to optimize recovery efficiency. The optimized results proved that a calcination step (at 800 °C for 2 h) improves the recovery efficiency by a factor of 40%. In addition, optimal Pt recovery yield was achieved after 3 h of leaching at 70 °C, with a solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio of 70 g/100 mL (70%) and 3 M HCl-1% vol H2O2-4.5 M NaCl as leaching conditions. The optimum Pt recovery yield was 95% and 75% for DOC and c-DPF, respectively. Since the secondary feedstock investigated is highly concentrated in platinum, the pregnant solution can be used as a precursor for developing new Pt-based catalytic systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling of Metal-Based Compounds for Energy and Technology Applications)
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9 pages, 3619 KiB  
Article
Plasmonic Gold Nanorod Size-Controlled: Optical, Morphological, and Electrical Properties of Efficiency Improved Tin Disulfide Vacuum-Free Hybrid Solar Cells
by Minsu Kim, Nguyen Tam Nguyen Truong, Nguyen Hoang Lam, Nam Le, Asiya M. Tamboli, Mohaseen S. Tamboli and Jae Hak Jung
Metals 2021, 11(12), 1911; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11121911 - 26 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1391
Abstract
The different size of plasmonic gold nanorods (NRs) were synthesized by the overgrown seeds method and applied to vacuum-free hybrid solar cells (VFHSCs). Tin disulfide (SnS2) quantum dots were synthesized and used as an n-type material of the device. The synthesized [...] Read more.
The different size of plasmonic gold nanorods (NRs) were synthesized by the overgrown seeds method and applied to vacuum-free hybrid solar cells (VFHSCs). Tin disulfide (SnS2) quantum dots were synthesized and used as an n-type material of the device. The synthesized materials were characterized by different techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The Au (NRs) had a different of size of NR1 (Width: 4 nm; Length: 12 nm), NR2 (Width: 5 nm; Length: 16 nm), NR3 (Width: 6 nm; Length: 22 nm) which were measured using a TEM technique. The Au NR particles were incorporated into the PEDOT:PSS as a hole transport layer (HTL) of solar cells device. The effects of Au NRs size on the device performance were investigated. A thin film of Zin oxide (ZnO) was used as a buffer layer of the device. The influence of buffer layer thickness on the device’s active layer surface morphology was also studied. At the optimized condition, the highest power conversion efficiency was obtained at about ~3.7%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling of Metal-Based Compounds for Energy and Technology Applications)
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12 pages, 4603 KiB  
Article
Environmentally Benign Organic Dye Conversion under UV Light through TiO2-ZnO Nanocomposite
by Sandip M. Deshmukh, Sudhir S. Arbuj, Santosh B. Babar, Shoyebmohamad F. Shaikh, Asiya M. Tamboli, Nguyen Tam Nguyen Truong, Chang-Duk Kim, Sanjay M. Khetre, Mohaseen S. Tamboli and Sambhaji R. Bamane
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1787; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111787 - 06 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1510
Abstract
In this work, we developed a very simple and novel approach for synthesizing TiO2-ZnO nanocomposites via the urea-assisted thermal decomposition of titanium oxysulphate and zinc acetate at different weight ratios. The synthesized nanocomposite samples were studied by means of HR-TEM, XRD, [...] Read more.
In this work, we developed a very simple and novel approach for synthesizing TiO2-ZnO nanocomposites via the urea-assisted thermal decomposition of titanium oxysulphate and zinc acetate at different weight ratios. The synthesized nanocomposite samples were studied by means of HR-TEM, XRD, STEM, UV–Vis DRS, PL and EDS. The observed results demonstrate that the TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite consists of an anatase crystal phase of TiO2 with a crystallite size of 10–15 nm. Combined characterization, including UV–Vis DRS, STEM, EDS and HR-TEM, revealed the successful formation of a heterojunction between TiO2 and ZnO and an improvement in UV spectrum absorption. The photocatalytic activity was explored using MO degradation under ultraviolet light illumination. The results of the optimized TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite show excellent photocatalytic activity and photostability over a number of degradation reaction cycles. In addition, the current approach has immense potential to be used as a proficient method for synthesizing mixed metal oxide nanocomposites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling of Metal-Based Compounds for Energy and Technology Applications)
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