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Microorganisms
Special Issues
A Contemporary Look at Oral Microbe Management
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A Contemporary Look at Oral Microbe Management

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 14497

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Patrick Veras Quelemes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
Interests: antimicrobial agents; oral microbiology; bacterial resistance; biomaterials; dentistry
Dr. Gláuber Campos Vale

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Assistant Guest Editor
Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
Interests: dental biofilm; oral microbiology; dental caries; dental materials; clinical dentistry; preventive dentistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The oral cavity harbors a diverse microbiota including fungi, viruses, protozoa, and over 700 species of bacteria. This highly complex habitat favors the microbial colonization of dental hard surfaces, dental materials, and devices, as well as the soft tissues of the oral mucosa. Molecular methods have greatly expanded our knowledge on the composition and function of the oral microbiome in health and disease. The state of microbial dysbiosis, for example, has been increasingly recognized as an etiological agent in the development of oral diseases. Although we continue to strongly consider adequate oral hygiene to be the main approach to prevent the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, hygiene failures and host susceptibility continue to challenge researchers in the field of dentistry in the search for effective prevention and treatment strategies for oral infections and in understanding their repercussions on systemic health. Among these, new approaches for the use of local and systemic chemotherapeutic agents, as well as photodynamic therapy (PDT), are highlighted. More recently, research has also pointed to the use of probiotics and their by-products (postbiotics) in the control of pathogenic species. Furthermore, contact elimination strategies using nanotechnology and controlled release systems in smart materials have been designed to prevent microbial adhesion, and the results are encouraging.

In this context, for this Special Issue entitled “A contemporary look at oral microbe management”, we invite you to send contributions in the form of original research or review articles that address recent insights regarding the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by oral microbes.

Dr. Patrick Veras Quelemes
Dr. Gláuber Campos Vale
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial agents
  • smart antimicrobial materials
  • antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
  • bacterial resistance and virulence factors
  • dysbiosis management
  • probiotics and postbiotics
  • oral biofilms
  • dental caries
  • periodontal and endodontic pathogens
  • Candida spp.
  • viral infections of the oral cavity
  • oral microbiome

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1489 KiB  
Article
Chemical Characterization and Effect of a Lactobacilli-Postbiotic on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm In Vitro
by Guilherme Bandeira Santana, Patrick Veras Quelemes, Enedina Rodrigues da Silva Neta, Sidney Gonçalo de Lima and Gláuber Campos Vale
Microorganisms 2024, 12(5), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050843 - 23 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1332
Abstract
Postbiotic is the term used to define the soluble factors, metabolic products, or byproducts released by live probiotic bacteria or after its lysis. The objective of this study was to carry out the chemical characterization of the postbiotic of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR-32 and [...] Read more.
Postbiotic is the term used to define the soluble factors, metabolic products, or byproducts released by live probiotic bacteria or after its lysis. The objective of this study was to carry out the chemical characterization of the postbiotic of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR-32 and to evaluate its in vitro effect on the development of the Streptococcus mutans biofilm. After the cultivation of the probiotic strain, the postbiotic was extracted by centrifuging the culture and filtering the supernatant. This postbiotic was characterized by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and then it was used to determine the growth inhibition of S. mutans in its planktonic form; additionally, its effects on the following parameters in 48 h biofilm were evaluated: viable bacteria, dry weight, and gene expression of glucosyltransferases and VicR gene. The control group consisted of the biofilm without any treatment. A paired t-test was performed for statistical analysis, with the p-value set at 5%. Seventeen compounds of various chemical classes were identified in the postbiotic, including sugars, amino acids, vitamins, and acids. The treatment with the postbiotic led to an inhibition of the growth of S. mutans in its planktonic form, as well as a decrease in the number of viable bacteria, reduction in dry weight, and a negative regulation of the gene expression of gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, and vicR in its biofilm state, compared with the nontreated group (p < 0.05). The postbiotic of L. rhamnosus impaired the development of S. mutans biofilm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Contemporary Look at Oral Microbe Management)
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13 pages, 7692 KiB  
Article
L. reuteri in Supportive Periodontal Therapy—Are There Already Clinical Effects after 3 Months with One Lozenge a Day? A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study
by René Thierbach, Andreas Eigenmann, Jusef Naim, Matthias Hannig, Stefan Rupf and Madline P. Gund
Microorganisms 2024, 12(4), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040648 - 25 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1357
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a clinical effect of Lactobacillus reuteri in supportive periodontal therapy can already be detected with a minimum dose of one tablet a day and a minimum observation and intake period of 3 months. [...] Read more.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a clinical effect of Lactobacillus reuteri in supportive periodontal therapy can already be detected with a minimum dose of one tablet a day and a minimum observation and intake period of 3 months. Materials and Methods: 28 patients with stage III and IV periodontitis undergoing periodontal follow-up were randomly divided into two groups receiving a lozenge containing L. reuteri or a placebo preparation daily for 90 days. After 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the parameters bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque control record (PCR), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded in the test and control groups. Results: The results sed a different effect of L. reuteri on the respective patients. In certain patients, clinical parameters worsened or remained largely unchanged. However, in other patients, there were positive effects on the clinical parameters. In the overall analysis, BoP was the only clinical parameter that was statistically significantly reduced. Conclusions: The oral administration of one lozenge per day for 3 months with L. reuteri in supportive periodontal therapy might have a positive influence on clinical parameters in supportive periodontal therapy, depending on the individual. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Contemporary Look at Oral Microbe Management)
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27 pages, 22258 KiB  
Article
BZINB Model-Based Pathway Analysis and Module Identification Facilitates Integration of Microbiome and Metabolome Data
by Bridget M. Lin, Hunyong Cho, Chuwen Liu, Jeff Roach, Apoena Aguiar Ribeiro, Kimon Divaris and Di Wu
Microorganisms 2023, 11(3), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030766 - 16 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1771
Abstract
Integration of multi-omics data is a challenging but necessary step to advance our understanding of the biology underlying human health and disease processes. To date, investigations seeking to integrate multi-omics (e.g., microbiome and metabolome) employ simple correlation-based network analyses; however, these methods are [...] Read more.
Integration of multi-omics data is a challenging but necessary step to advance our understanding of the biology underlying human health and disease processes. To date, investigations seeking to integrate multi-omics (e.g., microbiome and metabolome) employ simple correlation-based network analyses; however, these methods are not always well-suited for microbiome analyses because they do not accommodate the excess zeros typically present in these data. In this paper, we introduce a bivariate zero-inflated negative binomial (BZINB) model-based network and module analysis method that addresses this limitation and improves microbiome–metabolome correlation-based model fitting by accommodating excess zeros. We use real and simulated data based on a multi-omics study of childhood oral health (ZOE 2.0; investigating early childhood dental caries, ECC) and find that the accuracy of the BZINB model-based correlation method is superior compared to Spearman’s rank and Pearson correlations in terms of approximating the underlying relationships between microbial taxa and metabolites. The new method, BZINB-iMMPath, facilitates the construction of metabolite–species and species–species correlation networks using BZINB and identifies modules of (i.e., correlated) species by combining BZINB and similarity-based clustering. Perturbations in correlation networks and modules can be efficiently tested between groups (i.e., healthy and diseased study participants). Upon application of the new method in the ZOE 2.0 study microbiome–metabolome data, we identify that several biologically-relevant correlations of ECC-associated microbial taxa with carbohydrate metabolites differ between healthy and dental caries-affected participants. In sum, we find that the BZINB model is a useful alternative to Spearman or Pearson correlations for estimating the underlying correlation of zero-inflated bivariate count data and thus is suitable for integrative analyses of multi-omics data such as those encountered in microbiome and metabolome studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Contemporary Look at Oral Microbe Management)
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Review

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23 pages, 740 KiB  
Review
Microbial Symphony: Navigating the Intricacies of the Human Oral Microbiome and Its Impact on Health
by Rahul Bhandary, Geethu Venugopalan, Amitha Ramesh, Guilia Margherita Tartaglia, Ishita Singhal and Shahnawaz Khijmatgar
Microorganisms 2024, 12(3), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030571 - 13 Mar 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3518
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the forefront of research on the human oral microbiome, exploring recent advancements that span microbial colonization, state-of-the-art detection methodologies, and the complex interplay involved in disease progression. Through an exhaustive analysis of the contemporary literature, we illuminate the [...] Read more.
This comprehensive review delves into the forefront of research on the human oral microbiome, exploring recent advancements that span microbial colonization, state-of-the-art detection methodologies, and the complex interplay involved in disease progression. Through an exhaustive analysis of the contemporary literature, we illuminate the dynamic orchestration of microbial communities within the oral cavity, underscoring their pivotal role in health and disease. Cutting-edge detection techniques, including metagenomics and high-throughput sequencing, are discussed regarding their transformative impact on understanding the intricacies of oral microbial ecosystems. As we stand on the cusp of a new decade, this review anticipates a paradigm shift in the field, emphasizing the potential for rapid identification and targeted management of detrimental oral microorganisms. Insights gained from this exploration not only contribute to our fundamental understanding of the oral microbiome but also hold promise for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to maintain oral health. This article aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and public health professionals engaged in unraveling the mysteries of the microbial symphony within the human oral cavity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Contemporary Look at Oral Microbe Management)
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17 pages, 358 KiB  
Review
Oral Microbiota: The Influences and Interactions of Saliva, IgA, and Dietary Factors in Health and Disease
by Daisuke Nagakubo and Yuichiro Kaibori
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2307; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092307 - 13 Sep 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4119
Abstract
Recent advances in metagenomic analyses have made it easier to analyze microbiota. The microbiota, a symbiotic community of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses within a specific environment in tissues such as the digestive tract and skin, has a complex relationship with [...] Read more.
Recent advances in metagenomic analyses have made it easier to analyze microbiota. The microbiota, a symbiotic community of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses within a specific environment in tissues such as the digestive tract and skin, has a complex relationship with the host. Recent studies have revealed that microbiota composition and balance particularly affect the health of the host and the onset of disease. Influences such as diet, food preferences, and sanitation play crucial roles in microbiota composition. The oral cavity is where the digestive tract directly communicates with the outside. Stable temperature and humidity provide optimal growth environments for many bacteria. However, the oral cavity is a unique environment that is susceptible to pH changes, salinity, food nutrients, and external pathogens. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the oral microbiota, as changes in bacterial composition and balance could contribute to the development of systemic diseases. This review focuses on saliva, IgA, and fermented foods because they play critical roles in maintaining the oral bacterial environment by regulating its composition and balance. More attention should be paid to the oral microbiota and its regulatory factors in oral and systemic health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Contemporary Look at Oral Microbe Management)
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