Frontiers in Public Health Microbiology: Prevention of Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases in the Changing Climate

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Public Health Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 March 2021) | Viewed by 10753

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty Director, Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
Interests: antibiotic resistance, and antimicrobial interventions against foodborne bacterial pathogens; ecology of planktonic cells and biofilms of foodborne, enteric, waterborne, and environmental bacteria in landscape of climate change; foodborne diseases epidemiology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microbial communities have tremendous affinity for moving towards fitness and diversity through vertical and horizontal gene transfer mechanisms thus assuring safety of food and water supplies against natural and anthropogenic pathogens is a daunting task and a moving target. Changes in our climate will unequivocally have pronounced effects on proliferation of microbial pathogens associated with food and water supplies. As an example, it is estimated that only a 1 ºC increase (above 5 ºC) in temperature of an environment could lead to 5 to 10% increases in cases of Salmonellosis.  In the United States alone, a 5% increase in illness episodes could translate to >50,000 additional cases of illnesses of non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars every year. At current times, World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that round 420,000 individuals around the globe, lose their lives every year due to foodborne diseases. Additionally, WHO estimates approximately 2 million deaths each year are attributed to waterborne diarrheal diseases with the vast majority of these deaths occur in children.

The current Special Issue will publish recent advancements for mitigation and/or elimination of foodborne and waterborne microorganisms. Such information would be of utmost importance for assuring the safety of our food and water supplies and for conduct of vulnerability assessments and development of mitigation, adaption, and resilience programs in the landscape of our changing climate. Special emphases is placed on publications of emerging, efficacious, and economically feasible technologies for control of serovars of non-typhoidal Salmonella, various serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, public health significant serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes, pathogenic species of Vibrio, drug-resistant S. aureus, and various species of Campylobacter, pathogenic Cronobacter spp., and Norovirus. Researchers and practitioners conducting original laboratory studies with sessile and planktonic microorganisms, and those conducting risk assessment analyses, epidemiological research, and critical and systematic review of literature are cordially invited to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue of Microorganisms.

Dr. Aliyar Fouladkhah
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 192 KiB  
Editorial
The Threat of Antibiotic Resistance in Changing Climate
by Aliyar Cyrus Fouladkhah, Brian Thompson and Janey Smith Camp
Microorganisms 2020, 8(5), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050748 - 16 May 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3849
Abstract
As the earliest form of life, microorganisms have elaborate mechanisms for adapting to changes in environmental conditions [...] Full article

Research

Jump to: Editorial

14 pages, 728 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effects of Nisin, Lysozyme, Lactic Acid, and CitricidalTM for Enhancing Pressure-Based Inactivation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and Bacillus atrophaeus Endospores
by Sadiye Aras, Niamul Kabir, Sabrina Wadood, Jyothi George, Shahid Chowdhury and Aliyar Cyrus Fouladkhah
Microorganisms 2021, 9(3), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030653 - 21 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2758
Abstract
The inactivation of bacterial endospores continues to be the main curtailment for further adoption of high-pressure processing in intrastate, interstate, and global food commerce. The current study investigated the effects of elevated hydrostatic pressure for the inactivation of endospore suspension of three indicator [...] Read more.
The inactivation of bacterial endospores continues to be the main curtailment for further adoption of high-pressure processing in intrastate, interstate, and global food commerce. The current study investigated the effects of elevated hydrostatic pressure for the inactivation of endospore suspension of three indicator spore-forming bacteria of concern to the food industry. Additionally, the effects of four bacteriocin/bactericidal compounds were studied for augmenting the decontamination efficacy of the treatment. Elevated hydrostatic pressure at 650 MPa and at 50 °C was applied for 0 min (untreated control) and for 3, 7, and 11 min with and without 50K IU of nisin, 224 mg/L lysozyme, 1% lactic acid, and 1% CitricidalTM. The results were statistically analyzed using Tukey- and Dunnett’s-adjusted ANOVA. Under the condition of our experiments, we observed that a well-designed pressure treatment synergized with mild heat and bacteriocin/bactericidal compounds could reduce up to >4 logs CFU/mL (i.e., >99.99%) of bacterial endospores. Additions of nisin and lysozyme were able, to a great extent, to augment (p < 0.05) the decontamination efficacy of pressure-based treatments against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus atrophaeus, while exhibiting no added benefit (p ≥ 0.05) for reducing endospores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The addition of lactic acid, however, was efficacious for augmenting the pressure-based reduction of bacterial endospores of the three microorganisms. Full article
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14 pages, 3014 KiB  
Article
Fate and Biofilm Formation of Wild-Type and Pressure-Stressed Pathogens of Public Health Concern in Surface Water and on Abiotic Surfaces
by Md Niamul Kabir, Sadiye Aras, Sabrina Wadood, Shahid Chowdhury and Aliyar Cyrus Fouladkhah
Microorganisms 2020, 8(3), 408; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030408 - 13 Mar 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2956
Abstract
Since the historic outbreak near Broad Street in London, which serves as cornerstone of modern epidemiology, infectious diseases spread in surface and sub-surface water has been a persisting public health challenge. The current study investigated persistence of wild-type and pressure-stressed Listeria monocytogenes, [...] Read more.
Since the historic outbreak near Broad Street in London, which serves as cornerstone of modern epidemiology, infectious diseases spread in surface and sub-surface water has been a persisting public health challenge. The current study investigated persistence of wild-type and pressure-stressed Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars in surface water stored aerobically for up to 28 days at 5, 25, and 37 °C. Additionally, biofilm formation of wild-type and pressure-stressed non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars were monitored on surface of stainless steel and rubber coupons for 28 days at 25 and 37 °C. While L. monocytogenes exhibited a lower (p < 0.05) survival rate at 5 °C, relative to the two Gram-negative pathogens, at higher temperatures of 25 and 37 °C, all three pathogens exhibited similar (p ≥ 0.05) trends for survival in surface water. Both wild-type and pressure-stressed Salmonella serovars in the vast majority of tested times, temperatures, and surfaces exhibited comparable (p ≥ 0.05) persistence and biofilm formation capability. Our study thus indicates the occurrence of contamination could lead to prolonged survival of these microorganisms in low-nutrient environments and highlights the need for preventive measures such as those articulated under Produce Safety Rule of the U.S. Food Safety Modernization Act. Full article
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