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Minerals
Special Issues
Gravity and Magnetic Methods in Mineral Exploration
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Gravity and Magnetic Methods in Mineral Exploration

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Exploration Methods and Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 7086

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shuang Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: gravity and magnetic methods; inversion
Prof. Dr. Lianghui Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Interests: gravity and magnetic methods; joint inversion of multi-geophysics
Prof. Dr. Guoqing Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
Interests: gravity and magnetic methods; mineral resource exploration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

After decades of development, gravity and magnetic prospecting has been improved as a multi-scale and multi-parameter observation system, including borehole–surface–ocean–airborne–satellite and scalar–vector–tensor. Gravity and magnetic prospecting has become one of the most important geophysical methods for studying the deep structure of the earth and for exploring oil, gas and mineral resources. Gravity and magnetic data processing and inversion are the key steps involved in potential field exploration. Due to the complexity of physical principles and geological processes, the processing and inversion of gravity and magnetic data face big challenges. Gravity and magnetic exploration methods have low resolution and high non-uniqueness. The complexity of geological and metallogenic processes makes the geometric forms of field sources diverse, with a non-uniform distribution of physical properties. Some complex magnetic effects such as remanent magnetization, demagnetization, and magnetic anisotropy are accompanied, increasing the uncertainty of gravity and magnetic data interpretation. Enhancing the applications of potential field exploration to solve the key geological issues is currently the biggest concern among geophysicists and geologists, and thus, papers that focus on this area of interest are exceedingly welcome. This Special Issue is organized into the following three sections:

Section 1: New observation technologies and devices for potential field data

Section 2: New methods and technologies for potential field data processing and inversion

Section 3: Representative case study of gravity and magnetic methods in mineral resource exploration

Prof. Dr. Shuang Liu
Prof. Dr. Lianghui Guo
Prof. Dr. Guoqing Ma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gravity prospecting
  • magnetic prospecting
  • mineral resource exploration
  • 3D inversion
  • data processing
  • deep structure

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5044 KiB  
Article
Magnetic Inversion through a Modified Adaptive Differential Evolution
by Tao Song, Lianzheng Cheng, Tiaojie Xiao, Junhao Hu and Beibei Zhang
Minerals 2023, 13(12), 1518; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13121518 - 04 Dec 2023
Viewed by 900
Abstract
In recent decades, differential evolution (DE) has been employed to address a diverse range of nonlinear, nondifferentiable, and nonconvex optimization problems. In this study, we introduce an enhanced adaptive differential evolution algorithm to address the inversion problem associated with magnetic data. The primary [...] Read more.
In recent decades, differential evolution (DE) has been employed to address a diverse range of nonlinear, nondifferentiable, and nonconvex optimization problems. In this study, we introduce an enhanced adaptive differential evolution algorithm to address the inversion problem associated with magnetic data. The primary objective of the inversion process is to minimize the discrepancy between observed data and predicted data derived from the inverted model. So, the contributions of this paper include the following two points. First, a new mechanism for generating crossover rate (CR) is proposed, which tends to reduce the CR values corresponding to vectors with better objective function values. Second, a new mutation strategy with direction information is proposed to expedite convergence. Additionally, modifications were made to the adjustment of the regularization factor to prevent it from becoming too minimal, thereby preserving its efficacy. The proposed algorithm is validated through synthetic models and a field example. Results from synthetic models demonstrate that our method is superior to and competitive with the original adaptive DE in both solution quality and convergence velocity. For the field example, the Inverted models align closely with the drill-well information. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gravity and Magnetic Methods in Mineral Exploration)
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23 pages, 60585 KiB  
Article
Occurrence Characteristics of Lead–Zinc Mine and Low-Flying Aeromagnetic Prospecting in a Forested Region of Yichun City
by Naixuan Ji, Xiaoxiao Qin, Heyu Wu, Zi Wang, Wei Du, Yun Liu, Tiehan Zhang, Shengze Zhang and Qiaomu Shi
Minerals 2023, 13(11), 1414; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13111414 - 06 Nov 2023
Viewed by 851
Abstract
Understanding the characteristics of lead–zinc mine occurrences and mastering effective investigative techniques are paramount in modern ore prospecting. This research focuses on the forested region of Yichun city in China, with a specific emphasis on the strategic mineral resource of a lead–zinc mine. [...] Read more.
Understanding the characteristics of lead–zinc mine occurrences and mastering effective investigative techniques are paramount in modern ore prospecting. This research focuses on the forested region of Yichun city in China, with a specific emphasis on the strategic mineral resource of a lead–zinc mine. The study examines the distribution patterns of this mineral and employs advanced aeromagnetic exploration methods. Firstly, we analyzed the geological structure and features of the region by leveraging the latest high-precision aeromagnetic data collected using dynamic delta wing technology. This analysis was complemented by an assessment of the geological conditions of the research area, existing lead–zinc deposits, ground magnetic surveys, and verification studies. With the goal of establishing a meaningful correlation between aeromagnetic anomalies and lead–zinc deposits, we employed various potential field conversion techniques, including the reduction to the pole, vertical derivatives, upward continuation, and residual anomaly analysis techniques. Secondly, we investigated the metallogenic sites within this region and provided a comprehensive summary of the metallogenic circumstances and characteristics related to aeromagnetic prospecting. Thirdly, we employed human–computer interaction fitting inversion techniques to predict the potential for lead–zinc mine prospecting in areas exhibiting aeromagnetic anomalies. The study underscores the significance of high-amplitude and large-scale aeromagnetic anomalies in the study area. Furthermore, we examined the interplay between intrusive rocks, strata, and structural elements within the region to identify favorable conditions for lead–zinc mineralization. As a result of our analysis and discussions, a location was predicted where a lead–zinc mine may exist. The research methodology outlined in this article provides valuable insights for future lead–zinc mine exploration efforts in areas characterized by similar geological conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gravity and Magnetic Methods in Mineral Exploration)
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18 pages, 17780 KiB  
Article
Development of a Hybrid Fixed-Wing UAV Aeromagnetic Survey System and an Application Study in Chating Deposit
by Ning Lu, Yongzai Xi, Hongshan Zheng, Weidong Gao, Yongbo Li, Yu Liu, Zhiqiang Cui, Guixiang Liao and Junjie Liu
Minerals 2023, 13(8), 1094; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081094 - 16 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1077
Abstract
In recent years, the development of airborne magnetic survey technology based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been rapidly advancing. The commonly used systems are the fixed-wing UAV-based, multi-rotors UAV-based, and unmanned helicopters-based magnetic survey systems. And, a type of hybrid UAV that [...] Read more.
In recent years, the development of airborne magnetic survey technology based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been rapidly advancing. The commonly used systems are the fixed-wing UAV-based, multi-rotors UAV-based, and unmanned helicopters-based magnetic survey systems. And, a type of hybrid UAV that uses a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) and fixed-wing cruise mode is increasingly being used to carry airborne magnetic survey systems. To meet the requirements of most UAVs for small-sized and lightweight payloads, a miniature magnetic survey system was developed and integrated into a hybrid fixed-wing UAV and formed an aeromagnetic survey system. And, a peripheral mineral exploration test was conducted in a known porphyry copper–gold deposit in southeastern China using the system. By processing the collected magnetic data with 3D inversion of susceptibilities, potential ore-bearing intrusive rocks were quickly identified and delineated, providing clues for peripheral mineral exploration in the mining area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gravity and Magnetic Methods in Mineral Exploration)
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23 pages, 7962 KiB  
Article
Inversion of Gravity Data with Multiplicative Regularization Using an Improved Adaptive Differential Evolution
by Lianzheng Cheng, Tiaojie Xiao, Xing Hu, Ali Wagdy Mohamed, Yun Liu and Wei Du
Minerals 2023, 13(8), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081027 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 933
Abstract
Differential evolution (DE) is a stochastic optimization technique that imitates the evolution process in nature. This paper uses an improved adaptive differential evolution to solve gravity inversion with multiplicative regularization. Compared with additive regularization, the advantage of multiplicative regularization is that it does [...] Read more.
Differential evolution (DE) is a stochastic optimization technique that imitates the evolution process in nature. This paper uses an improved adaptive differential evolution to solve gravity inversion with multiplicative regularization. Compared with additive regularization, the advantage of multiplicative regularization is that it does not require the regularization parameter in the search process. The contributions in this paper mainly focus on two aspects: accelerating the convergence speed of adaptive DE and balancing the effect of model and data misfits in the objective function. The effectiveness of the proposed inversion method is verified by synthetic and field cases. For the synthetic cases, it is concluded that, based on the obtained results and analysis, the presented DE method is superior and competitive with its original version. Additionally, the designed parameter adaptation for multiplicative regularization is useful for trading off the effect of data and model misfits. For the field cases, two successful applications from China were conducted, and the obtained density source distributions were in accordance with those obtained from drilling wells. The synthetic and practical examples demonstrate that high-quality inversion results can be obtained using improved adaptive differential evolution and multiplicative regularization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gravity and Magnetic Methods in Mineral Exploration)
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12 pages, 6001 KiB  
Article
Study on the Aeromagnetic System between Fixed-Wing UAV and Unmanned Helicopter
by Yong-Zai Xi, Gui-Xiang Liao, Ning Lu, Yong-Bo Li and Shan Wu
Minerals 2023, 13(5), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13050700 - 20 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1998
Abstract
Based on the CH-3 and WH-110A unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms, we independently developed aeromagnetic systems for fixed-wing UAVs (FUAV) and modified unmanned helicopters (MUH), respectively. These systems overcome key technological challenges in system integration, aeromagnetic compensation, and electromagnetic (EM) compatibility. We conducted [...] Read more.
Based on the CH-3 and WH-110A unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms, we independently developed aeromagnetic systems for fixed-wing UAVs (FUAV) and modified unmanned helicopters (MUH), respectively. These systems overcome key technological challenges in system integration, aeromagnetic compensation, and electromagnetic (EM) compatibility. We conducted a 1:100,000 aeromagnetic test using both systems in a tidal flat area in Jiangsu province, China. Both systems successfully completed 240 line km measurement lines and collected high-quality data with magnetic compensation accuracies of 0.01428 nT and 0.04690 nT, respectively. The dynamic noise was below 0.14 nT, accounting for 95.72% and 100% of the measurements. These results indicate that both systems offer high measurement accuracy, efficiency, low cost, convenience, and flexibility. We compared the two aeromagnetic systems based on their system parameters, integration modes, magnetic compensation methods and effects, and practical applications. By comprehensively analyzing their characteristics and application fields, we provide guidance for UAV-based aeromagnetic surveys in mineral exploration, basic geological survey and other related fields. And the FUAV and MUH aeromagnetic systems presented in this paper serve as a valuable reference for future research in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gravity and Magnetic Methods in Mineral Exploration)
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