Removal and Separation of Noble Metal Ions Using Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 November 2024 | Viewed by 3833

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
Interests: hydrometallurgy; metallurgical kinetics; solution chemistry; interfacial phenomena; electrometallurgy; nano/colloidal particles synthesis and applications
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Guest Editor
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
Interests: arsenic fixation; dissolution; precipitation; sorption; electrowinning of base metals; gold extraction; metal sulfide oxidation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The noble metals encompass gold, silver, and platinum group metals (platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, and osmium). These metals possess remarkable characteristics, such as excellent conductivity and catalytic activity, making them crucial materials for advancing technology and maintaining a high quality of life. Their applications are extensive and integral to numerous alloys, catalysts, and medical services, which are the basic fabric of various industries.

These metals are highly resistant to oxidation and do not readily dissolve. Except for gold, most are typically found in nature as sulfides, and are extracted using strong acids or specialized lixiviants. Another source of these metals is the recycling industry, where end-of-life metals or alloys are reclaimed and reused. Following the extraction process, these metals need to be separated from other impurities, a task accomplished through various technologies, including electrowinning, chemical precipitation, and, more recently, ion exchange as well as solvent extraction. Recent developments in ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents have opened new avenues for extracting and separating these metals using modern techniques.

This Special Issue presents the latest and most significant research efforts in ion exchange as well as solvent extraction for selectively recovering noble metals from their associated impurities. Additionally, it seeks to delve into the comprehensive analysis of the thermodynamic as well as kinetic aspects of ion exchange and solvent extraction processes. Review articles are invited but are expected to demonstrate salient guides to new and novel approaches in addition to a forward-looking direction for future investigations.

Prof. Dr. Kenneth N. Han
Prof. Dr. Virgínia Sampaio Teixeira Ciminelli
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • ion exchange
  • solvent extraction
  • noble metals
  • separation
  • extraction
  • gold
  • silver
  • platinum group metals

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1834 KiB  
Article
Precipitation of Precious Metals Concentrates from Post-Elution Solutions from Ion-Exchange Processes
by Karolina Goc, Joanna Kluczka, Grzegorz Benke, Joanna Malarz, Karolina Pianowska and Katarzyna Leszczyńska-Sejda
Minerals 2024, 14(6), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060625 - 19 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1162
Abstract
Precious metals have long been considered as critical raw materials in many countries. There is a growing emphasis on recovering these metals from secondary sources such as automotive catalysts or WEEE (waste of electrical and electronic equipment). During the leaching process of these [...] Read more.
Precious metals have long been considered as critical raw materials in many countries. There is a growing emphasis on recovering these metals from secondary sources such as automotive catalysts or WEEE (waste of electrical and electronic equipment). During the leaching process of these materials, solutions with low concentrations of precious metals are obtained, which necessitates the use of ion-exchange methods. Following sorption and elution, a post-elution solution called eluate is produced, containing precious metals and no impurities. This eluate must undergo further processing to obtain pure metals or its compounds. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of recovering precious metals from post-elution solutions through cementation, reduction, precipitation, or refining techniques. The analysis of the research results indicated that metallic zinc powder is the most effective cementing agent for platinum, palladium, rhodium, and gold. Metallic aluminum and copper powders can selectively cement gold and palladium, separating them from platinum and rhodium. Aqueous hydrazine hydrate solution is the best-reducing agent for precious metals, while an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution can selectively reduce platinum and palladium, separating them from gold and rhodium. Full article
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20 pages, 1304 KiB  
Review
Advances in Hydrometallurgical Gold Recovery through Cementation, Adsorption, Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction
by Jihye Kim, Rina Kim and Kenneth N. Han
Minerals 2024, 14(6), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060607 - 13 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2136
Abstract
Hydrometallurgical gold recovery processes play a pivotal role in the gold mining industry, contributing to more than 90% of global gold production. Among the array of techniques available, the Merrill–Crowe process, adsorption, ion exchange, and solvent extraction are central in extracting gold from [...] Read more.
Hydrometallurgical gold recovery processes play a pivotal role in the gold mining industry, contributing to more than 90% of global gold production. Among the array of techniques available, the Merrill–Crowe process, adsorption, ion exchange, and solvent extraction are central in extracting gold from leach solutions. While the Merrill–Crowe process and gold complex adsorption onto activated carbon represent historical cornerstones, their inherent limitations have prompted the emergence of more recent innovations in ion exchange and solvent extraction, offering enhanced selectivity, control, and sustainability. The evolution of modern organic chemistry has significantly influenced the progress of ion exchange technology, mainly through the introduction of advanced polymer matrix synthetic resins. At the same time, novel solvents tailored to gold complex interactions have revitalized ion exchange and solvent extraction. Introducing ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents has also added a new dimension to efforts to improve gold extraction metallurgy. This paper reviews these cutting-edge developments and their potential to revolutionize the hydrometallurgical gold recovery process, addressing the pressing need for improved efficiency and environmental responsibility. Full article
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