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Minerals
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Sulfates: Crystal-Chemistry and Their Geological Significance
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Sulfates: Crystal-Chemistry and Their Geological Significance

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystallography and Physical Chemistry of Minerals & Nanominerals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 9782

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cristian Biagioni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: minerals; mineral systematics; crystal-chemistry; X-ray diffraction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Lacalamita

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: mineralogy; material characterization; crystal-chemistry; single crystal X-ray diffraction; powder X-ray diffraction; FTIR and Raman spectroscopy
Dr. Daniela Mauro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: mineralogy; mineral systematics; crystal-chemistry; X-ray diffraction; raman spectroscopy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Sulfate minerals play an important role in modern society, being a component of our mineral economy and having a remarkable environmental significance. Indeed, they are widespread in acid mine drainage systems, where they could remove or temporarily store acidity and metals.

More than 400 sulfate mineral species are currently known. These species occur in several kinds of geological settings, both on our planet as well as on other terrestrial planets and icy moons of the Solar System. They occur in evaporitic settings, in hydrothermal veins, or they can be the weathering products of ore deposits, providing interesting clues about the geological evolution of the studied occurrences.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions on sulfate mineralogy, describing their crystal-chemistry (also under non-ambient conditions), their variable geochemistry, and giving further insights into their genesis and kinds of occurrence.

Dr. Cristian Biagioni
Dr. Maria Lacalamita
Dr. Daniela Mauro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sulfate
  • mineralogy
  • crystallography
  • crystal-chemistry
  • geological significance

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2916 KiB  
Article
In Situ High-Temperature X-ray Powder Diffraction and Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Melanterite, FeSO4·7H2O
by Maria Lacalamita, Gennaro Ventruti, Giancarlo Della Ventura, Francesco Radica, Daniela Mauro and Emanuela Schingaro
Minerals 2021, 11(4), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040392 - 09 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2395
Abstract
The thermal behavior of melanterite from the Fornovolasco mine (Tuscany, Italy) has been investigated via differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), in situ high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The DTA curve showed endothermic peaks at 70, 100, 260, [...] Read more.
The thermal behavior of melanterite from the Fornovolasco mine (Tuscany, Italy) has been investigated via differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), in situ high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The DTA curve showed endothermic peaks at 70, 100, 260, 500–560 and 660 °C whereas the TG curve evidenced a total mass decrease of ~68%, in keeping with the loss of all H2O and SO4 groups. Rietveld refinements were performed for all the collected patterns in the 25–775 °C range and converged at 1.57 ≤ R (%) ≤ 2.75 and 1.98 ≤ Rwp (%) ≤ 3.74. The decomposition steps FeSO4·7H2O → FeSO4·4H2O (25 ≤ T ≤ 50 °C) → FeSO4·H2O (50 < T ≤ 100 °C) → FeOHSO4 (75 < T ≤ 200 °C) → Fe2(SO4)3 (400 < T ≤ 500 °C) → Fe2O3 (500 < T ≤ 775 °C) were obtained. The high-temperature infrared analysis confirmed that melanterite undergoes a three-step dehydration in the 25–300 °C temperature range. The FeOHSO4 phase is stable over a wide range of temperature and transforms partially to Fe2(SO4)3 without the formation of Fe2O(SO4)2. The findings highlight a different behavior of the studied sample with respect to the synthetic salt. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulfates: Crystal-Chemistry and Their Geological Significance)
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17 pages, 3701 KiB  
Article
Secondary Sulfates from the Monte Arsiccio Mine (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy): Trace-Element Budget and Role in the Formation of Acid Mine Drainage
by Massimo D’Orazio, Daniela Mauro, Marta Valerio and Cristian Biagioni
Minerals 2021, 11(2), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11020206 - 15 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2612
Abstract
A suite of sulfate minerals from the Monte Arsiccio mine (Apuan Alps, Northern Tuscany, Italy), previously identified by using both X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy, was studied through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), in order to determine their trace-element content. Several elements [...] Read more.
A suite of sulfate minerals from the Monte Arsiccio mine (Apuan Alps, Northern Tuscany, Italy), previously identified by using both X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy, was studied through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), in order to determine their trace-element content. Several elements (Tl, Rb, As, Sb, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cr) were found above the detection limits. Among them, some are important from an environmental perspective and may reach relatively high concentrations (e.g., Tl = 1370–2988 μg/g; As = 505–1680 μg/g). Thus, these sulfates may act as transient sinks for some of these potentially toxic elements, as well as for sulfate ions and acidity. Indeed, dissolution experiments revealed the ability of these secondary minerals to produce a significant pH decrease of the solutions, as well as the release of Fe, Al, and K as major ions. This work discusses the relation between the budget of trace elements and the crystal chemistry of sulfate minerals and provides new insights about the environmental role played by the sulfate dissolution in controlling the quality of water in acid mine drainage systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulfates: Crystal-Chemistry and Their Geological Significance)
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Review

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31 pages, 13246 KiB  
Review
Sulfates from the Pyrite Ore Deposits of the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy): A Review
by Cristian Biagioni, Daniela Mauro and Marco Pasero
Minerals 2020, 10(12), 1092; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10121092 - 05 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4156
Abstract
The occurrence of sulfate minerals associated with the pyrite ores of the southern Apuan Alps has been known since the 19th century but modern mineralogical studies started only in the last decade. Sulfate assemblages were identified in all the pyrite ore deposits from [...] Read more.
The occurrence of sulfate minerals associated with the pyrite ores of the southern Apuan Alps has been known since the 19th century but modern mineralogical studies started only in the last decade. Sulfate assemblages were identified in all the pyrite ore deposits from the studied area but the more impressive associations were discovered in the Fornovolasco and Monte Arsiccio mines. Their study allowed to improve the knowledge of the sulfate crystal-chemistry and to achieve a better understanding of the acid mine drainage (AMD) systems associated with pyrite oxidation. More than 20 different mineral species were identified and, among them, four sulfates (volaschioite, giacovazzoite, magnanelliite, and scordariite) have their type localities in the pyrite ore deposits of the Apuan Alps. A review of the mineralogical results of a ten-year-long study is given here. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sulfates: Crystal-Chemistry and Their Geological Significance)
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