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Minerals
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Mineralogy, Petrology and Crystallography of Silicate Minerals
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Mineralogy, Petrology and Crystallography of Silicate Minerals

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystallography and Physical Chemistry of Minerals & Nanominerals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 April 2022) | Viewed by 9828

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lidia Pittarello

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
Interests: microstructures, deformation mechanism, quartz, olivine, pyroxene, feldspar, garnet, pseudotachylytes, meteorites, shock metamorphism
Prof. Dr. Mariko Nagashima

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
Interests: natural and synthetic minerals especially containing transition elements; minerals formed under low-grade metamorphism and hydrothermal activity; hydrogen bond

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Silicates represent the major component of solid planetary materials in the Solar System and are the most studied minerals in the history of geosciences, due to the information that they retain. The exact content in major, minor and trace elements, the distribution of these elements across crystals, the occupancy of structural sites, the relationship with neighbor minerals, the presence of twins or lattice defects, and the occurrence of specific polymorphs are just some of the several signs left by geological processes and recorded in silicates. Thus, studies on silicates provide important information on the conditions under which they crystallized or were deformed, contributing to our understanding of a wide range of geological and planetary processes, from the differentiation in planetesimals to the crack formation induced by intracrystalline diffusion.

This Special Issue aims to collect in a single volume a selection of the variety of information provided by studies on silicates. Contributions based on works on natural parageneses, as well as on experimental calibrations, focused on the reconstruction of the history of a given rock from the information retained in its components, especially using unconventional or less common approaches, are warmly welcome.

Dr. Lidia Pittarello
Dr. Mariko Nagashima
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • silicates
  • crystallization
  • geothermobarometry
  • planetary processes
  • metamorphism

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3333 KiB  
Article
Extreme Alteration of Chevkinite-(Ce) by Pb-CO2-Rich Fluids: Evidence from the White Tundra Pegmatite, Keivy Massif, Kola Peninsula
by Ray Macdonald, Bogusław Bagiński, Marcin Stachowicz, Dmitry Zozulya, Jakub Kotowski and Petras Jokubauskas
Minerals 2022, 12(8), 989; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12080989 - 3 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1425
Abstract
An unusual hydrothermal alteration scheme was presented for chevkinite-(Ce) from the White Tundra pegmatite (2656 ± 5 Ma), Keivy massif, Kola Peninsula. Pb-CO2-rich fluids initially removed REE and Y from the chevkinite-(Ce), with enrichment in Pb and U. PbO abundances reaching [...] Read more.
An unusual hydrothermal alteration scheme was presented for chevkinite-(Ce) from the White Tundra pegmatite (2656 ± 5 Ma), Keivy massif, Kola Peninsula. Pb-CO2-rich fluids initially removed REE and Y from the chevkinite-(Ce), with enrichment in Pb and U. PbO abundances reaching 17.35 wt%. Continued alteration resulted in the altered chevkinite-(Ce) being progressively transformed to a Pb-Ti-Fe-Si phase, which proved, upon EBSD analysis, to be almost totally amorphous. Pb enrichment was accompanied by a loss of LREE, especially La, relative to HREE, and the development of strong positive Ce anomalies. A notably U-rich aeschynite-(Y), with UO2 values ≤7.67 wt%, crystallized along with the chevkinite-(Ce). Aeschynite-(Y) with a lower UO2 value (3.91 wt%) and bastnäsite-(Ce) formed during alteration. The formation of bastnäsite-(Ce) rather than cerussite, which might have been expected in a high Pb-CO2 environment, is ascribed to the fluids being acidic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy, Petrology and Crystallography of Silicate Minerals)
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19 pages, 4911 KiB  
Article
Magmatic Processes of the Upper Cretaceous Susuma–Nagaho Plutonic Complex, Southwest Japan: Its Role on Crustal Growth and Recycling in Active Continental Margins
by Shogo Kodama, Masaaki Owada, Mariko Nagashima and Atsushi Kamei
Minerals 2022, 12(6), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12060762 - 15 Jun 2022
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Abstract
Magmatic processes in the active continental margins are one of the important issues to understand the evolution of the continental crust. The Cretaceous Susuma–Nagaho plutonic complex, southwest Japan, is situated at the continental arc, and made up of gabbro, quartz diorite to granodiorite, [...] Read more.
Magmatic processes in the active continental margins are one of the important issues to understand the evolution of the continental crust. The Cretaceous Susuma–Nagaho plutonic complex, southwest Japan, is situated at the continental arc, and made up of gabbro, quartz diorite to granodiorite, and granite. According to the field occurrence, they are coeval intrusive rocks, and the biotite K–Ar ages of the granodiorite and granite are approximately 93 Ma, corresponding to the period of a magmatic flare-up in southwest Japan. Based on the whole-rock chemical analyses including Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, the granodiorite magma has been formed through fractional crystallization of basaltic magmas, whereas the origin of granite magma involved partial melting of the continental crust. The gabbro contains calcium-rich plagioclase (An > 90) and the presence of early crystallized hornblende, indicating its derivation from a hydrous basaltic magma. Such basaltic magma intruded into the middle to lower crust and supplied the heat energy necessary for crustal partial melting and granitic magma formation. The fractional crystallization and crustal melting took place at the same time, playing an important role in the crustal growth and differentiation during the magmatic flare-up event. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy, Petrology and Crystallography of Silicate Minerals)
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16 pages, 2655 KiB  
Article
The Role of Scandium Substitution in Babingtonite Group Minerals
by Mariko Nagashima, Daisuke Nishio-Hamane, Takashi Matsumoto and Chihiro Fukuda
Minerals 2022, 12(3), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12030333 - 8 Mar 2022
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Abstract
Sc-rich babingtonite from Heftetjern, Norway and Baveno, Italy were examined using electron microprobe analysis and X-ray single-crystal refinement in order to re-examine the behavior of Sc3+ and analyze its effect on the crystal structure of babingtonite. The Sc2O3 content [...] Read more.
Sc-rich babingtonite from Heftetjern, Norway and Baveno, Italy were examined using electron microprobe analysis and X-ray single-crystal refinement in order to re-examine the behavior of Sc3+ and analyze its effect on the crystal structure of babingtonite. The Sc2O3 content is 13.78 wt.% in the Heftetjern specimen, and 8.44 wt.% in the Baveno one. In contrast, the latter has higher Fe content (11.13 wt.% as FeO) rather than the former one (8.63 wt.% as FeO). Characteristically, both specimens contain sodium. Although the oxidation state of octahedral cations in babingtonites is in general Me2+:Me3+ = 1:1, trivalent cations in the Heftetjern specimen attain 1.14 apfu. This excess of trivalent cations must be counterbalanced by monovalent Na substituted for Ca. The unit-cell parameters are a = 7.5272(1), b = 11.7175(1), c = 6.7613(1) Å, α = 91.710(1), β = 93.637(1), γ = 104.522(1)°, and V = 575.49(2) Å3 for the Heftetjern specimen, and a = 7.5199(2), b = 11.7145(3), c = 6.7408(2) Å, α = 91.756(2), β = 93.786(2), γ = 104.549(2)°, and V = 573.83(3) Å3 for the Baveno one. The structural formulae are A1Ca1.00A2(Ca0.879Na0.121)M1(Sc3+0.42Fe2+0.37Mn2+0.21)M2(Sc3+0.68Fe2+0.27Mg0.03Fe3+0.02)Si5O14(OH) for Heftetjern, and A1Ca1.00A2(Ca0.819Na0.181)M1(Sc3+0.43Mn2+0.36Fe2+0.21)M2(Fe3+0.36Fe2+0.30Sc3+0.26Sn4+0.05Al0.03)Si5O14(OH) for Baveno. Due to Sc3+ substitution, the <M2–O> distance, 2.09–2.11 Å, is longer than that of Sc-free babingtonite, 2.03–2.05 Å. The M2O6 expansion leads to the lengthened O4–O10 edge shared between the M1O6 and M2O6 octahedra, and causes the stronger angular distortion of M2O6. This can be explained by the increase of the O4–M1–O10 angle and decrease of the O4–M1–O8 angle with lengthening of the O4–O10 edge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy, Petrology and Crystallography of Silicate Minerals)
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19 pages, 5721 KiB  
Article
Structural Breakdown of Natural Epidote and Clinozoisite in High-T and Low-P Conditions and Characterization of Its Products
by Petra Kozáková, Marcel Miglierini, Mária Čaplovičová, Radek Škoda and Peter Bačík
Minerals 2022, 12(2), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020238 - 12 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2918
Abstract
A heat treatment was performed on selected epidote and clinozoisite crystals to establish the nature of any changes in the optical and crystal-chemical properties and to identify a breakdown product using a wide spectrum of analytical methods. Natural samples were heated from 900 [...] Read more.
A heat treatment was performed on selected epidote and clinozoisite crystals to establish the nature of any changes in the optical and crystal-chemical properties and to identify a breakdown product using a wide spectrum of analytical methods. Natural samples were heated from 900 to 1200 °C under atmospheric pressure in ambient oxidation conditions for 12 h. Epidote and clinozoisite were stable at 900 °C; those heated at 1000 °C, 1100 °C, and 1200 °C exhibited signs of breakdown, with the development of cracks and fissures. The average chemical composition of epidote is Ca2.000Al2.211Fe0.742Si2.994O12(OH), while that of clinozoisite is Ca2.017A12.626Fe0.319Si3.002O12(OH). The breakdown products identified by electron microanalysis, powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were anorthite, pyroxene compositionally close to esseneite, and wollastonite. The decomposition of the epidote-clinozoisite solid solution is controlled by the following reaction: 4 epidote/clinozoisite → 2 pyroxene + 2 wollastonite + 4 anorthite + 2 H2O. Pyroxene likely contains a significant proportion of tetrahedral Fe3+ as documented by the Mössbauer spectroscopy. Moreover, the presence of hematite in the Mössbauer spectrum of the clinozoisite sample heated at 1200 °C can result from the following reaction: 4 epidote → pyroxene + 3 wollastonite + 4 anorthite + hematite + 2 H2O. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy, Petrology and Crystallography of Silicate Minerals)
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