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Minerals
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Mud Volcanism: Geological, Geochemical and Mineralogical Aspects of Event
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Mud Volcanism: Geological, Geochemical and Mineralogical Aspects of Event

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Mineralogy and Biogeochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 3465

Special Issue Editor

Dr. E'llina Sokol

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Koptyug Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
Interests: mud volcanism; mineralogy and biomineralogy; geochemistry; combustion metamorphism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mud volcanism (MV) is a global geological phenomenon that completes diagenetic alteration of fluid-rich clayey sediments and maturation of organic matter. The current occurrence of MVs is mainly related to petroleum provinces with thick clayey strata. Mud volcanism provides vertical heat and mass transport through the rising of overpressured fluids and thus leads to fractionation of sedimentary material and formation of geochemical and mineralogical anomalies, including peculiar ore accumulations.

Mud volcanism remains an important subject of research worldwide. The chemical composition of MV products (gas, water, brines, mud) has lately been a reliable source of information, having implications for Cenozoic geology, tectonics, global element cycles, environmental geochemistry, and climate. There are several issues that remain topical: (i) origin and sources of solid and fluid components; (ii) patterns and regimes of fluid discharge; (iii) sources and mechanisms responsible for redistribution of sedimentary material; (iv) MV-related isotope systems and main trends of stable isotopes (H, Li, B, C, N, O, S) fractionation; (iv) peculiarity of trace element emission and loading within specific areas and their fractionation; (v) MV’s ecological impact; (vi) authigenic MV mineralization and trace element bioaccumulation. The essential lacune is the lack of a conceptual model for mineral-forming processes connected with mud volcanism.

This Special Issue invites contributions dealing with (i) the geology of MV areas and mode of occurrences of MV clusters; (ii) sources of sedimentary material and mechanisms of its redistribution and eruption; (iii) fractionation of elements and isotopes and their accumulation in solid, liquid, and gaseous hosts. Papers concerning the origin and migration of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids and their role in the origin of chemical, mineralogical, and metallogenic anomalies in Cenozoic sedimentary basins are also welcome.

Dr. E'llina Sokol
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mud volcanism
  • fluid venting
  • eruptions
  • composition of mud volcanic fluid
  • composition of mud volcanic ejecta
  • isotopy
  • mineralogy of MV ejecta and related sediments
  • environmental impact of mud volcanism

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2581 KiB  
Article
Tracing Water–Rock–Gas Reactions in Shallow Productive Mud Chambers of Active Mud Volcanoes in the Caspian Sea Region (Azerbaijan)
by Aygun Bayramova, Orhan R. Abbasov, Adil A. Aliyev, Elnur E. Baloglanov, Franziska M. Stamm, Martin Dietzel and Andre Baldermann
Minerals 2023, 13(5), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13050696 - 19 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1111
Abstract
We present geochemical and mineralogical datasets for five new mud volcanoes in continental Azerbaijan (Hamamdagh and Bendovan) and the adjacent Caspian Sea (Khara-Zire, Garasu and Sangi-Mughan). The fluid ejects have a Na–Cl-type composition and are generated by the mixing of evaporated Caspian seawater [...] Read more.
We present geochemical and mineralogical datasets for five new mud volcanoes in continental Azerbaijan (Hamamdagh and Bendovan) and the adjacent Caspian Sea (Khara-Zire, Garasu and Sangi-Mughan). The fluid ejects have a Na–Cl-type composition and are generated by the mixing of evaporated Caspian seawater and low- to high-salinity pore waters, as indicated by Br–B and Cl–B systematics and Na–K and SiO2 geo-thermometers. The fluids contain high concentrations of As, Ba, Cu, Si, Li, Sr and Zn (60 to 26,300 ppm), which are caused by surface evaporation, pyrite oxidation, ion exchange reactions and hydrocarbon maturation in Oligocene-Miocene ‘Maykop’ shales. The solid ejects comprise liquid, oily and brecciated mud, mud/claystones and sandstones. The mud heterogeneity of the volcanoes is related to the geological age and different sedimentological strata of the host rocks that the mud volcanoes pass through during their ascent. All ejects show evidence of chemical alterations via water–rock–gas reactions, such as feldspar weathering, smectite illitization and the precipitation of Fe-(hydr)oxides, calcite, calcian dolomite, kaolinite and smectite. The studied localities have petrographic similarities to northern extending mud volcano systems located on Bahar and Zenbil islands, which suggests that mud volcanoes in the Caspian Sea region are sourced from giant shallow mud chambers (~1–4 km depth) located in Productive Series strata. Our results document the complex architecture of the South Caspian Basin—the most prolific hydrocarbon region in the world. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mud Volcanism: Geological, Geochemical and Mineralogical Aspects of Event)
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24 pages, 5925 KiB  
Article
Combustion Metamorphism in Mud Volcanic Events: A Case Study of the 6 May 2000 Fire Eruption of Karabetova Gora Mud Volcano
by Svetlana N. Kokh and Ella V. Sokol
Minerals 2023, 13(3), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13030355 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1502
Abstract
The violent eruption of Karabetova Gora mud volcano on 6 May 2000 (Taman Peninsula, 45°12′16″ N; 36°47′05″ E) triggered gas ignition as a giant straight-flow vertical gas flare. The 400 m high, short-lived (~15 min) gas flare left no thermal halo on the [...] Read more.
The violent eruption of Karabetova Gora mud volcano on 6 May 2000 (Taman Peninsula, 45°12′16″ N; 36°47′05″ E) triggered gas ignition as a giant straight-flow vertical gas flare. The 400 m high, short-lived (~15 min) gas flare left no thermal halo on the ground surface, but the thermal shock caused melting or annealing of mud masses which became dispersed in ≤2 m3 blocks to distances within 30 m around the volcano conduit. The flare reached the maximum temperatures (~1400–1540 °C) at heights from 75 to 250 m, as estimated by a numerical simulation in SigmaFlow. Bulk melting of dehydrated mud masses was mostly limited to <1.5 cm near the surface of the blocks. Porous paralavas at the site consisted of low- and high-silica K-Al glasses (70%–80%) with residual unmolten grains of detrital quartz and fine (<30 µm) new phases: main intermediate members of the magnetite–ulvöspinel solid solutions and plagioclase (An45-61Ab37-44Or2-11 to An73-90Ab10-27Or0.5-1), minor cordierite (XFe = 26%–46%), pigeonite (XFe = 42%–60%), tridymite, cristobalite, and rare mullite. The metapelitic rocks affected by combustion metamorphism were heterogeneous in terms of phase composition and texture. They failed to attain homogeneity due to the high viscosity of anhydrous silicate melts and brevity of the thermal impact. The revealed features of rocks altered by a giant gas fire may serve as a proxy for phase transformation patterns in highly disequilibrium conditions of a thermal shock, far from the formation conditions of ordinary metamorphic rocks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mud Volcanism: Geological, Geochemical and Mineralogical Aspects of Event)
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