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ncRNA
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Non-Coding RNA in Reproductive Organ Cancers
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Non-Coding RNA in Reproductive Organ Cancers

A special issue of Non-Coding RNA (ISSN 2311-553X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2018) | Viewed by 29432

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Heidi Schwarzenbach

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
Interests: circulating nucleic acids; exosomes
Prof. Dr. Peter B. Gahan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fondazione “Enrico Puccinelli” Onlus, Perugia, Italy
Interests: messaging roles of circulating nucleic acids

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-coding RNA is now accepting submissions for a Special Issue on the involvement of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of cancer of the reproductive system, for which we are serving as Guest Editors. This Special Issue will also include commissioned topical reviews, written by leaders in the field.

In industrialized countries, cancer is the second leading cause of death, and its incidence is still increasing. Human cancer is a multifactorial and intricate disease that evolves from the perturbation of cellular homeostasis. The initiation and progression of cancer is assumed to be promoted by combined epigenetic and genetic alterations that activate multistep programs of carcinogenesis. Deregulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that can be distinguished in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small RNAs including microRNAs have been identified as crucial players in the regulation of cancer-associated signal cascades and cellular processes. Unique signatures of ncRNAs detected in tumors, liquid biopsies and exosomes reflect disease development, tumor load and malignant progression towards metastatic relapse. Considering their cancer- and therapy-associated modulations, they may have potential clinical utility. However, understanding of their nature in cancer biology is a requirement for using ncRNAs as future diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets.

This Special Issue will cover the latest advances in ncRNA studies on the development, progression and metastasis of cancer related to the reproductive organs, e.g., prostate, ovaries, breast, testicles and uterus. We will consider research, methods and review manuscripts of exceptional interest on the following topics:

  • The occurrence of ncRNAs in primary tumors, circulating tumor cells, metastasis, liquid biopsies and exosomes
  • The nature and functions of ncRNAs in cancer biology and pathogenesis
  • The regulatory network of ncRNAs
  • Crosstalk of ncRNAs
  • Pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the role of ncRNA

Ass. Prof. Heidi Schwarzenbach
Prof. Peter B. Gahan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Non-Coding RNA is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prostate, ovarian, breast, testicular, uterine and cervical cancers
  • development, progression and metastasis of these tumor types
  • tissues, cells, plasma, serum, exosomes of these tumor types
  • microRNAs
  • long-non coding RNAs

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 13694 KiB  
Article
MicroRNA-4719 and microRNA-6756-5p Correlate with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression through Interleukin-24 Regulation
by Dibash K. Das, Leah Persaud and Moira Sauane
Non-Coding RNA 2019, 5(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna5010010 - 21 Jan 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4230
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The five-year survival rate for men diagnosed with localized PCa is nearly 100%, yet for those diagnosed with aggressive PCa, it is less than 30%. The pleiotropic cytokine [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The five-year survival rate for men diagnosed with localized PCa is nearly 100%, yet for those diagnosed with aggressive PCa, it is less than 30%. The pleiotropic cytokine Interleukin-24 (IL-24) has been shown to specifically kill PCa cells compared to normal cells when overexpressed in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Despite this, the mechanisms regulating IL-24 in PCa are not well understood. Since specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in PCa, we used miRNA target prediction algorithm tools to identify miR-4719 and miR-6556-5p as putative regulators of IL-24. This study elucidates the expression profile and role of miR-4719 and miR-6756-5p as regulators of IL-24 in PCa. qRT-PCR analysis shows miR-4719 and miR-6756-5p overexpression significantly decreases the expression of IL-24 in PCa cells compared to the negative control. Compared to the indolent PCa and normal prostate epithelial cells, miR-4719 and miR-6756-5p are significantly overexpressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines, indicating that their gain may be an early event in PCa progression. Moreover, miR-4719 and miR-6756-5p are significantly overexpressed in the CRPC cell line of African-American males (E006AA-hT) compared to CRPC cell lines of Caucasian males (PC-3 and DU-145), indicating that miR-4719 and miR-6756-5p may also play a role in racial disparity. Lastly, the inhibition of expression of miR-4719 and miR-6756-5p significantly increases IL-24 expression and inhibits proliferation and migration of CRPC cell lines. Our findings indicate that miR-4719 and miR-6756-5p may regulate CRPC progression through the targeting of IL-24 expression and may be biomarkers that differentiate between indolent and CRPC. Strategies to inhibit miR-4719 and miR-6756-5p expression to increase IL-24 in PCa may have therapeutic efficacy in aggressive PCa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Coding RNA in Reproductive Organ Cancers)
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9 pages, 2251 KiB  
Communication
Upregulation of Long Non-Coding RNA DRAIC Correlates with Adverse Features of Breast Cancer
by Dan Zhao and Jin-Tang Dong
Non-Coding RNA 2018, 4(4), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna4040039 - 11 Dec 2018
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3915
Abstract
DRAIC (also known as LOC145837 and RP11-279F6.1), is a long non-coding RNA associated with several types of cancer including prostate cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Its expression is elevated in tumor tissues compared to adjacent benign tissues in breast cancer patients [...] Read more.
DRAIC (also known as LOC145837 and RP11-279F6.1), is a long non-coding RNA associated with several types of cancer including prostate cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Its expression is elevated in tumor tissues compared to adjacent benign tissues in breast cancer patients and is regulated by estrogen treatment in breast cancer cells. In addition, expression analysis of DRAIC in more than 100 cell lines showed that DRAIC expression is high in luminal and basal subtypes compared to claudin low subtype, suggesting a prognostic value of DRAIC expression in breast cancer. In the present study, we analyzed DRAIC expression in 828 invasive breast carcinomas and 105 normal samples of RNA sequencing datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found that DRAIC expression was correlated with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and is increased in cancerous tissues. Additionally, higher DRAIC expression was associated with poorer survival of patients, especially in ER positive breast cancer. DRAIC was also investigated in the Oncomine database and we found that DRAIC expression predicted patients’ response to paclitaxel and FEC as well as lapatinib, which are commonly used therapy options for breast cancer. Finally, DRAIC expression in breast cancer was negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration. These results reinforce the importance of DRAIC in breast cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Coding RNA in Reproductive Organ Cancers)
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Review

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22 pages, 297 KiB  
Review
MicroRNA Shuttle from Cell-To-Cell by Exosomes and Its Impact in Cancer
by Heidi Schwarzenbach and Peter B. Gahan
Non-Coding RNA 2019, 5(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna5010028 - 21 Mar 2019
Cited by 69 | Viewed by 5884
Abstract
The identification of exosomes, their link to multivesicular bodies and their potential role as a messenger vehicle between cancer and healthy cells opens up a new approach to the study of intercellular signaling. Furthermore, the fact that their main cargo is likely to [...] Read more.
The identification of exosomes, their link to multivesicular bodies and their potential role as a messenger vehicle between cancer and healthy cells opens up a new approach to the study of intercellular signaling. Furthermore, the fact that their main cargo is likely to be microRNAs (miRNAs) provides the possibility of the transfer of such molecules to control activities in the recipient cells. This review concerns a brief overview of the biogenesis of both exosomes and miRNAs together with the movement of such structures between cells. The possible roles of miRNAs in the development and progression of breast, ovarian and prostate cancers are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Coding RNA in Reproductive Organ Cancers)
12 pages, 554 KiB  
Review
Breast Cancer and miR-SNPs: The Importance of miR Germ-Line Genetics
by Poonam Malhotra, Graham H. Read and Joanne B. Weidhaas
Non-Coding RNA 2019, 5(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna5010027 - 20 Mar 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4815
Abstract
Recent studies in cancer diagnostics have identified microRNAs (miRNAs) as promising cancer biomarkers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA binding sites, seed regions, and coding sequences can help predict breast cancer risk, aggressiveness, response to stimuli, and prognosis. This review also documents significant [...] Read more.
Recent studies in cancer diagnostics have identified microRNAs (miRNAs) as promising cancer biomarkers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA binding sites, seed regions, and coding sequences can help predict breast cancer risk, aggressiveness, response to stimuli, and prognosis. This review also documents significant known miR-SNPs in miRNA biogenesis genes and their effects on gene regulation in breast cancer, taking into account the genetic background and ethnicity of the sampled populations. When applicable, miR-SNPs are evaluated in the context of other patient factors, including mutations, hormonal status, and demographics. Given the power of miR-SNPs to predict patient cancer risk, prognosis, and outcomes, further study of miR-SNPs is warranted to improve efforts towards personalized medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Coding RNA in Reproductive Organ Cancers)
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34 pages, 2858 KiB  
Review
Non-Coding RNAs in Breast Cancer: Intracellular and Intercellular Communication
by Carolyn M. Klinge
Non-Coding RNA 2018, 4(4), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna4040040 - 12 Dec 2018
Cited by 130 | Viewed by 10169
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are regulators of intracellular and intercellular signaling in breast cancer. ncRNAs modulate intracellular signaling to control diverse cellular processes, including levels and activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα), proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and stemness. In addition, ncRNAs can be packaged [...] Read more.
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are regulators of intracellular and intercellular signaling in breast cancer. ncRNAs modulate intracellular signaling to control diverse cellular processes, including levels and activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα), proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and stemness. In addition, ncRNAs can be packaged into exosomes to provide intercellular communication by the transmission of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to cells locally or systemically. This review provides an overview of the biogenesis and roles of ncRNAs: small nucleolar RNA (snRNA), circular RNAs (circRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), miRNAs, and lncRNAs in breast cancer. Since more is known about the miRNAs and lncRNAs that are expressed in breast tumors, their established targets as oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors will be reviewed. The focus is on miRNAs and lncRNAs identified in breast tumors, since a number of ncRNAs identified in breast cancer cells are not dysregulated in breast tumors. The identity and putative function of selected lncRNAs increased: nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), steroid receptor RNA activator 1 (SRA1), colon cancer associated transcript 2 (CCAT2), colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE), myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT), and long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, Regulator of Reprogramming (LINC-ROR); and decreased levels of maternally-expressed 3 (MEG3) in breast tumors have been observed as well. miRNAs and lncRNAs are considered targets of therapeutic intervention in breast cancer, but further work is needed to bring the promise of regulating their activities to clinical use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Coding RNA in Reproductive Organ Cancers)
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