Journal Description
Osteology
Osteology
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the basic and clinical research of bone science published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 24 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 5.2 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
- Osteology is a companion journal of Journal of Clinical Medicine.
Latest Articles
Pre-Operative Adiposity and Synovial Fluid Inflammatory Biomarkers Provide a Predictive Model for Post-Operative Outcomes Following Total Joint Replacement Surgery in Osteoarthritis Patients
Osteology 2024, 4(2), 53-63; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology4020005 - 22 Apr 2024
Abstract
A proportion of osteoarthritis (OA) patients are unsatisfied with post-operative outcomes following total joint replacement surgery (TJR), with insufficient pain relief or poor functional improvement. Predicting those who will have poor outcomes would be beneficial for patients and clinicians. The aim of this
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A proportion of osteoarthritis (OA) patients are unsatisfied with post-operative outcomes following total joint replacement surgery (TJR), with insufficient pain relief or poor functional improvement. Predicting those who will have poor outcomes would be beneficial for patients and clinicians. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between baseline anthropometric data and the concentration of pre-operative serum and peri-operative synovial fluid (SF) cytokines and 7-month post-operative outcomes in a cohort of knee and hip OA patients. 160 OA patients were recruited who were scheduled for TJR. The concentration of 24 cytokines was measured in blood and SF by multiplex assay. EQ5D index health status was assessed pre-operatively and at 7 months post-operatively. 13% of patients were identified as non-responders based on EQ5D index. Compared to responders, non-responders were of higher body mass index (BMI), had greater waist and hip circumference, and had higher levels of SF leptin but lower levels of SF resistin (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis found a significant but weak relationship between pre-operative body weight and post-operative response (ΔEQ5D index; r = 0.222, p = 0.049). The combination of body weight with SF amphiregulin and SF IL-6 provided an improved predictive model of post-operative response (r = 0.470, p = 0.035).
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Arthroplasty)
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Open AccessCase Report
Type I Monteggia Fracture with Associated Ipsilateral Capitellar and Humeral Diaphyseal Fractures in an Adult
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Casey McDonald, Matt Kannenberg, Jason Goodrum, John Eakin, Paul Ryan and Anil Dutta
Osteology 2024, 4(2), 45-52; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology4020004 - 04 Apr 2024
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Background: Monteggia fractures entail a proximal ulnar fracture with associated radial head dislocation. Primarily observed as a fracture in the pediatric population, there have been rare occurrences in adults. In rare instances, various associated fractures have been reported with Monteggia fractures. However, during
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Background: Monteggia fractures entail a proximal ulnar fracture with associated radial head dislocation. Primarily observed as a fracture in the pediatric population, there have been rare occurrences in adults. In rare instances, various associated fractures have been reported with Monteggia fractures. However, during our literature review, a type I Monteggia fracture had not been reported along with ipsilateral diaphyseal humerus and capitellar fractures. Here, we present a successful post-operative outcome for a unique fracture distribution and form of fixation that has yet to be reported in the literature.
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Open AccessReview
Gene Therapy in Pediatric Orthopedics
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Emmanuel Olaonipekun, Anthony Lisyansky, Robin Olaonipekun, Bouchra Ghania Merabia, Karim Gaber and Waleed Kishta
Osteology 2024, 4(1), 33-44; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology4010003 - 06 Mar 2024
Abstract
Gene therapy is gaining traction as an effective treatment for several deleterious disorders by delivering genetic material using viral or non-viral vectors to correct mutated genes. Research in the field focuses primarily on the treatment of cancers; however, it shows great promise for
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Gene therapy is gaining traction as an effective treatment for several deleterious disorders by delivering genetic material using viral or non-viral vectors to correct mutated genes. Research in the field focuses primarily on the treatment of cancers; however, it shows great promise for treating diseases related to pediatric orthopedics. This review aims to describe gene therapy’s application, efficacy and safety in pediatric orthopedics. This paper will examine common pediatric orthopedic disorders including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, osteogenesis imperfecta, spinal muscular atrophy and osteosarcoma. Overall, gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy has made great advances with approved gene therapy drugs already in use, while therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta and osteosarcoma treatments is still widely preclinical but still promising. As a whole, gene therapy is rapidly advancing in the field of pediatric orthopedics; however, further research is crucial in continuing and spreading these advancements and for the treatment of other debilitating pediatric-related orthopedic disorders.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Bone-Related Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapy Development)
Open AccessReview
Sixty Years of Innovation in Biomechanical Orthognathic Surgery: The State of the Art and Future Directions
by
Carlos Aurelio Andreucci
Osteology 2024, 4(1), 11-32; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology4010002 - 11 Feb 2024
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Craniofacial surgery is proposed and performed for a variety of reasons, ranging from congenital or acquired malformations to emotional disorders and parafunctions of the masticatory, respiratory, auditory, and visual systems. Surgery of the mandible and its orthostatic repositioning is the most common of
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Craniofacial surgery is proposed and performed for a variety of reasons, ranging from congenital or acquired malformations to emotional disorders and parafunctions of the masticatory, respiratory, auditory, and visual systems. Surgery of the mandible and its orthostatic repositioning is the most common of these corrections of craniofacial anomalies. Throughout the history of these procedures, various techniques have been proposed and perfected, but always with a high rate of minor and major complications. The recurrence rate of mandibular malposition is high, as is the temporary loss of facial sensitivity and motor skills. These outcomes are often related to the choice of surgical technique rather than the skill of the surgeon, which is considered to be one of the most important factors in the final outcome. Surgical techniques involving direct manipulation of the vascular-nervous bundles, such as bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, clearly present the possibility of major or minor complications. In this study, an orthognathic surgical technique, performed by the same team for over 40 years and now available through a 20-year postoperative patient follow-up study, is presented with a literature review relating it to biomechanical concepts and bone remodeling to analyze the evolution of orthognathic surgery since it became common practice to correct maxillofacial discrepancies. In this review, we also present a case report in which previous orthodontic treatment prepared a patient for surgical correction of mandibular bone discrepancy without the need for combined maxillary and/or genioplasty, and we describe the most commonly used techniques today, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The combination of established concepts together promotes favorable stability of mandibular osteotomies, functional anatomical positioning of the temporomandibular joint, reduced risk of injury to the mandibular vasculo-nervous bundle, and good aesthetics with positive patient acceptance and no relapse, thus these are the objectives for proposing innovative treatments that combine the technologies available today.
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Open AccessCase Report
Mandibular Fracture following Dental Implant Protocol: Clinical Report and One-Year Follow-Up
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Calber Artur Andreucci, Murillo Martins and Carlos Aurelio Andreucci
Osteology 2024, 4(1), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology4010001 - 26 Jan 2024
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Bone fractures following mandibular dental implant protocols associated with diagnosed osteoporosis are rare in the literature. We present a case in which a 55-year-old male patient with no previous medical history presented to the emergency department with pain in the left mandibular parasymphysis
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Bone fractures following mandibular dental implant protocols associated with diagnosed osteoporosis are rare in the literature. We present a case in which a 55-year-old male patient with no previous medical history presented to the emergency department with pain in the left mandibular parasymphysis and gingival bleeding. Clinical examination revealed crepitus, mandibular mobility, and clinical signs of localized fracture and infection. Further radiographs confirmed a mandibular fracture in the region of the alveolus of tooth 34 and four implants placed in the mandible as part of the patient’s immediate implant protocol. The infection developed into osteomyelitis, which was treated with a combination of antibiotics. After the infectious process had been eradicated, new complementary tests were carried out, which revealed that the patient had osteoporosis. Oral rehabilitation treatment and calcium replacement were carried out under specialist medical supervision. The importance of proper planning and clinical assessment of the patient is discussed, and the proposed long-term management of the case has been carried out.
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Open AccessArticle
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for the Evaluation of Retention in a Conometric Connection for Implant and Prosthesis
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Mario Ceddia, Luca Comuzzi, Natalia Di Pietro, Tea Romasco, Alessandro Specchiulli, Adriano Piattelli and Bartolomeo Trentadue
Osteology 2023, 3(4), 140-156; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3040015 - 04 Dec 2023
Cited by 1
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Today, dental implantology represents a reliable technique for treating both partial and total edentulism. The fixation of dentures on dental implants can be achieved using various techniques, where the choice of a specific technique depends on the patient’s individual needs, the jawbone’s condition,
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Today, dental implantology represents a reliable technique for treating both partial and total edentulism. The fixation of dentures on dental implants can be achieved using various techniques, where the choice of a specific technique depends on the patient’s individual needs, the jawbone’s condition, and the prosthesis design. Currently, the two most common types of prosthetic abutment connections are cemented and screwed, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. This study aimed to analyze a novel Morse cone connection system between the prosthesis and implant using finite element analysis (FEA). The analysis of connection retention was conducted using three different approaches: analytical, in vitro, and FEA. Three-dimensional models were created for systems comprising an abutment, healing cap, and crown under three inclination conditions: 0°, 15°, and 30°. Using Ansys finite element software (R1 2023), the impact of the tilt on the system retention was examined. The FEA showed results comparable with the in vitro studies regarding the retention strength for an abutment cap system with a 4° taper, obtaining 66.6 N compared with the 68 N calculated in our in vitro study. The inclination of the abutment affected the system retention due to the hole made in the abutment’s surface, decreasing the contact area between components. The Morse cone prosthesis–implant connection system was found to be the most stable and efficient compared with threaded or cemented systems. The retention was influenced by factors such as the abutment conicity, insertion strength, and the contact surface between components.
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Open AccessArticle
Peri-Implant Bone Loss in Fixed Full-Arch Implant-Supported Mandibular Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Radiographic Analysis
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Mario Caggiano, Alfonso Acerra, Roberta Gasparro, Marzio Galdi, Valerio Rapolo and Francesco Giordano
Osteology 2023, 3(4), 131-139; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3040014 - 14 Nov 2023
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Background: the aim of the study was to assess, through orthopantomograms (OPGs), the existence of peri-implant bone loss of distal implants in implant-supported full-arch mandibular restorations. A comparison between full-arch implant-supported rehabilitations performed in the inter-foraminal region and full-arch rehabilitations that include implant
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Background: the aim of the study was to assess, through orthopantomograms (OPGs), the existence of peri-implant bone loss of distal implants in implant-supported full-arch mandibular restorations. A comparison between full-arch implant-supported rehabilitations performed in the inter-foraminal region and full-arch rehabilitations that include implant insertion distal to the mental foramen was conducted. Methods: a retrospective observational analysis of 17,950 OPGs from 2010 to 2020 was conducted. The presence of fixed implant-supported prostheses in a fully edentulous mandible was the inclusion criteria of the study. OPGs were divided according to the number of implants (four, six, and eight), position of the implants (mesial or distal to the mental foramen), and positioning patterns (models 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). Results: a total of 51 OPGs were included in the study, 19 of which showed peri-implant bone loss. In particular, 16 belonged to the six-implant rehabilitation group and 3 to the eight-implant rehabilitation group; none of the four-implant-supported rehabilitations were affected by peri-implant bone loss. In all rehabilitations affected by peri-implant bone loss, the distal implant was the most involved, in particular the implant in positions 36 and 46. Conclusions: implants distal to the mental foramina are more susceptible than mesial implants to bone resorption in full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses. This significant difference should be investigated further for the presence and synergy of biomechanical factors that could act predominantly in this area, such as mandibular flexure and occlusal loading.
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Open AccessArticle
Single-Lateral-Incision Technique for Talar Neck Fractures—A Viable Option
by
Paul M. Ryan, Jacob Arthur, Keanu McMurray and Alicia Unangst
Osteology 2023, 3(4), 122-130; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3040013 - 20 Oct 2023
Abstract
Background: Displaced talar neck fractures are subject to avascular necrosis and degenerative joint disease. A single-lateral-incision approach may avoid damage to the remaining blood supply to the talar body provided by the deltoid artery. The purpose of this paper is to describe the
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Background: Displaced talar neck fractures are subject to avascular necrosis and degenerative joint disease. A single-lateral-incision approach may avoid damage to the remaining blood supply to the talar body provided by the deltoid artery. The purpose of this paper is to describe the surgical technique for a single approach to talar neck fractures, to evaluate the outcomes in a cohort of patients, and to review the literature on the topic. Method: A retrospective review. Patients were identified at a single medical center and met the following inclusion criteria: closed fracture, type-II talar neck fracture with displacement of the subtalar joint, single lateral operative approach, and radiographic follow-up of at least 6 months. Results: Five patients were identified meeting the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up was 18 months (12–25). The mean VAS (Visual Analog Score) score at the final follow-up was 1.2 (0–3). Four of five patients returned to running at the final follow-up. The one patient who did not return to running was able to bike and hike. There were no cases of avascular necrosis and no cases of degenerative joint disease. Conclusions: Although a two-incision approach could be considered for all displaced talar neck fractures, there are certain fractures that can be anatomically reduced and stabilized through a single lateral incision which may limit the risk of avascular necrosis.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Sports Medicine Based on Orthopedics and Osteology)
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Open AccessCase Report
Diagnosis and Management Controversies Illustrated by an Uncommon Case of Postpartum Pubic Symphysis Diastasis
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Ryan J. Bickley, Ronald G. Blasini, John D. Johnson and Paul M. Ryan
Osteology 2023, 3(3), 116-121; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3030012 - 20 Sep 2023
Abstract
Pubic symphysis diastasis is a complication of pregnancy that can lead to prolonged recovery, persistent pain, and functional disability if managed inappropriately. There is a lack of universally accepted clinical guidelines with regards to the timeframe and defect criteria for surgical management, which
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Pubic symphysis diastasis is a complication of pregnancy that can lead to prolonged recovery, persistent pain, and functional disability if managed inappropriately. There is a lack of universally accepted clinical guidelines with regards to the timeframe and defect criteria for surgical management, which contributes to delayed care resulting in increased surgical complexity and subsequent impairments in functionality and quality of life. The current standard of care utilizes non-operative measures exclusively for separations measuring less than 2.5 cm correlating to symphyseal ligament sparing. Surgical interventions are typically reserved for severe cases or those resistant to initial non-operative treatment. Non-surgical methods have been attempted for 4–6 weeks, even in severe cases, with patients still requiring eventual surgery. We herein report an uncommon case of pubic symphysis diastasis measuring 5.5 cm and the successful implementation of non-surgical management to demonstrate the need for updated standardized treatment guidelines. The defect in this case was treated with early application of a pelvic binder resulting in anatomic alignment and full resolution of pain within 3 months, and full return to activity within 6 months. In conclusion, the establishment of management guidelines for pubic symphysis is recommended, including the use of non-surgical management early in the patient recovery process and in cases with diastasis greater than 2.5 cm. This treatment strategy may decrease morbidity, recovery time, and complications in affected patients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Sports Medicine Based on Orthopedics and Osteology)
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Open AccessEditorial
Bone Health, Intersectionality and Climate Change
by
Elaine Dennison
Osteology 2023, 3(3), 113-115; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3030011 - 06 Sep 2023
Abstract
Extreme weather patterns are becoming more common, with attendant risks for human health [...]
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Open AccessReview
The Impact of Preoperative Education on Knee and Hip Replacement: A Systematic Review
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Umile Giuseppe Longo, Sergio De Salvatore, Chiara Rosati, Irene Pisani, Alice Ceccaroli, Giacomo Rizzello, Maria Grazia De Marinis and Vincenzo Denaro
Osteology 2023, 3(3), 94-112; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3030010 - 24 Aug 2023
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This review aims to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative education in the orthopedic patient undergoing knee and total hip replacement. The systematic review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Embase databases from inception to April 2021. Keywords and combinations of
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This review aims to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative education in the orthopedic patient undergoing knee and total hip replacement. The systematic review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Embase databases from inception to April 2021. Keywords and combinations of keywords were organized according to the PICOs approach to identify relevant studies. Thirty-seven studies involving 5185 patients were included. Preoperative education was associated with decreased postoperative pain compared to the control group. Preoperative anxiety and length of stay were reduced in most studies through preoperative education compared to the control group. Furthermore, other topics such as sleep, mental status, compliance, knowledge, and patient expectations generally showed improvement in the experimental group. For future investigations, it would be imperative to augment the patient sample size to enhance the research’s reliability and incorporate the most up-to-date literature.
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Open AccessReview
The Impact of Psychological Factors on Return to Sports after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
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Umile Giuseppe Longo, Sergio De Salvatore, Federica D’Orrico, Matilda Bella, Alessandra Corradini, Giacomo Rizzello, Maria Grazia De Marinis and Vincenzo Denaro
Osteology 2023, 3(3), 78-93; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3030009 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 2
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The rehabilitation of those who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) is a complex process that involves many factors. Physical ability recovery is not the only factor in the return to sport; psychosocial factors such as anxiety, pain response, self-esteem, locus of
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The rehabilitation of those who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) is a complex process that involves many factors. Physical ability recovery is not the only factor in the return to sport; psychosocial factors such as anxiety, pain response, self-esteem, locus of control, and fear of re-injury also play an important role. A systematic search was conducted on the PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL and Embase databases using the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). No randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINOR) was used to assess the quality of the identified non-RCT studies. A total of 308 studies were identified, of which 32 met the eligibility criteria. The results of these studies were obtained using the KOOS (ADL, Sport, QoL), ACL, TSK-11, K-SES, questionnaires/interviews, and other scales as instrumental approaches. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that psychological factors have a significant influence on the post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction outcomes of athletes. Fear of re-injury and pain were the primary factors that limited return to sport, whereas self-efficacy, psychological will, and age were associated with better functional outcomes and were essential for male and young patients. Clinicians should focus on both physical and psychological components to optimize rehabilitation.
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Open AccessArticle
Tibial Plateau Fractures among Alpine Skiers: A Retrospective Case Series
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Tyler R. Williamson, Joel N. Smith, Britta L. Swanson, John D. Robinson, Keith R. Swanson and Kyle E. Swanson
Osteology 2023, 3(3), 71-77; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3030008 - 29 Jun 2023
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective case series was to review the demographics of alpine skiers who sustain tibial plateau fractures, evaluate the inter-observer reliability of the Schatzker classification for fractures sustained while alpine skiing, and to evaluate patient-reported outcomes. We hypothesized that most
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The purpose of this retrospective case series was to review the demographics of alpine skiers who sustain tibial plateau fractures, evaluate the inter-observer reliability of the Schatzker classification for fractures sustained while alpine skiing, and to evaluate patient-reported outcomes. We hypothesized that most tibial plateau fractures would be low-energy fracture patterns (Schatzker I–III) and occur in women and less-experienced skiers. Charts and radiographs of patients treated surgically for tibial plateau fractures caused by alpine skiing were evaluated. Patients treated less than two years prior to review were excluded. Patients who qualified were contacted to complete a questionnaire regarding their skiing experience, their pain levels experienced following their accident, the weather conditions during the accident, and their return to sport. Forty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 49, and 60% of the participants were male. There were 28 low-energy fracture patterns (Schatzker I–III) and 19 high-energy patterns (Schatzker IV–VI) with a 95.7% inter-observer reliability. Contrary to the hypothesis, tibial plateau fractures sustained while alpine skiing occurred in older, experienced riders. Approximately 40% were high-energy fractures. Although over 75% of patients reported having no pain or occasional pain at their final follow-ups, less than half of the patients returned to alpine skiing.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Sports Medicine Based on Orthopedics and Osteology)
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Open AccessArticle
Human Middle Ear Anatomy Based on Micro-Computed Tomography and Reconstruction: An Immersive Virtual Reality Development
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Kai Cheng, Ian Curthoys, Hamish MacDougall, Jonathan Robert Clark and Payal Mukherjee
Osteology 2023, 3(2), 61-70; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3020007 - 23 May 2023
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Background: For almost a decade, virtual reality (VR) has been employed in otology simulation. The realism and accuracy of traditional three-dimensional (3D) mesh models of the middle ear from clinical CT have suffered because of their low resolution. Although micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging
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Background: For almost a decade, virtual reality (VR) has been employed in otology simulation. The realism and accuracy of traditional three-dimensional (3D) mesh models of the middle ear from clinical CT have suffered because of their low resolution. Although micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging overcomes resolution issues, its usage in virtual reality platforms has been limited due to the high computational requirements. The aim of this study was to optimize a high-resolution 3D human middle ear mesh model suitable for viewing and manipulation in an immersive VR environment using an HTC VIVE VR headset (HTC and Valve Corporation, USA) to enable a seamless middle ear anatomical visualisation viewing experience in VR while preserving anatomical accuracy. Methods: A high-resolution 3D mesh model of the human middle ear was reconstructed using micro-CT data with 28 μm voxel resolution. The models were optimised by tailoring the surface model polygon counts, file size, loading time, and frame rate. Results: The optimized middle ear model and its surrounding structures (polygon counts reduced from 21 million polygons to 2.5 million) could be uploaded and visualised in immersive VR at 82 frames per second with no VR-related motion sickness reported. Conclusion: High-resolution micro-CT data can be visualized in an immersive VR environment after optimisation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on overcoming the translational hurdle in middle ear applications of VR.
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Open AccessArticle
The Influence of Anti-Citrullinated Polypeptide Antibodies on Bone Mineral Density Decrease and Incident Major Osteoporotic Fractures in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
by
Ichiro Yoshii, Tatsumi Chijiwa and Naoya Sawada
Osteology 2023, 3(2), 47-60; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3020006 - 06 Apr 2023
Abstract
Background: Effects of anti-citrullinated polypeptide antibodies (ACPA) on the bone mineral density (BMD) reduction and incidence of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were evaluated using a retrospective longitudinal case-control study. Methods: Patients with RA who were examined using
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Background: Effects of anti-citrullinated polypeptide antibodies (ACPA) on the bone mineral density (BMD) reduction and incidence of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were evaluated using a retrospective longitudinal case-control study. Methods: Patients with RA who were examined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and simultaneously treated for more than 5 years were recruited. BMD absolute value and Z-scores at initial measurements (baseline) and changes of these values from baseline were assessed, and associations between BMD and candidate risk factors including ACPA positivity and serum titer levels were statistically evaluated. Additional statistical evaluations of ACPA positivity in regard to the incidence of MOF were tested. Results: A total of 222 patients were included. Higher ACPA titers correlated significantly with lower BMD and Z-scores at baseline using a multivariate model (p < 0.05). ACPA positivity correlated significantly with lower values and an annual decrease in the Z-score in total hip at follow-up using a univariate model (p < 0.05), whereas no significant correlation was found using a multivariate model. Z-scores in the ACPA-positive group were significantly lower than those of the ACPA-negative group (p < 0.05). However, ACPA-positivity demonstrated no higher risk for incident MOF. Conclusions: The presence of ACPA is a potential risk of BMD loss however weak.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Biomechanics: Diseases, Treatment and Rehabilitation II)
Open AccessArticle
Managing Native Hip Protrusio: Simplified Classification and Surgical Recommendations
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Lidia Ani, Zachary Radford and Lee E. Rubin
Osteology 2023, 3(1), 33-46; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3010005 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 1
Abstract
Protrusio acetabuli is a unique osteological condition that has been long described in the literature and is known to potentially increase both the surgical complexity and the risk of complications when performing total hip arthroplasty. Although grading systems for native hip protrusio have
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Protrusio acetabuli is a unique osteological condition that has been long described in the literature and is known to potentially increase both the surgical complexity and the risk of complications when performing total hip arthroplasty. Although grading systems for native hip protrusio have been described in the past, there has not yet been a widely adopted classification system that categorizes the condition into separate classes in order to guide management. We propose a novel classification system with the goal of simplifying and standardizing the management of protrusio acetabuli in the context of modern total hip arthroplasty. This classification system describes protrusio based on the relationship of the femoral head to the ilioischial and iliopectineal lines, allowing for a more reproducible and consistent categorization of pathology. We also discuss general recommendations and technical pearls for total hip arthroplasty in the protrusio patient population, including the use of strategic soft tissue releases, fluoroscopy, navigation, bone graft, and augments.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Arthroplasty)
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Open AccessReview
Disease-Modifying Adjunctive Therapy of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis with a Multimineral Marine Extract, LithoLexal® Bone
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Denise M. O’Gorman, Zahra Naderi, Ali Yeganeh, Ramin Malboosbaf and Erik Fink Eriksen
Osteology 2023, 3(1), 22-32; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3010004 - 20 Feb 2023
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There is evidence to suggest that restoration of major/rare biominerals by supplementation can produce osteogenic and anti-resorptive effects in humans. LithoLexal® is a natural extract harvested from a marine alga, Lithothamnion sp., with a porous microstructure and multimolecular composition rich in calcium
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There is evidence to suggest that restoration of major/rare biominerals by supplementation can produce osteogenic and anti-resorptive effects in humans. LithoLexal® is a natural extract harvested from a marine alga, Lithothamnion sp., with a porous microstructure and multimolecular composition rich in calcium (32% w/w) and magnesium (2.2% w/w) together with ~72 trace bioelements. In vitro, LithoLexal® demonstrated cellular-level osteogenic efficacy through enhancing the maturation and activity of pre-osteoblasts. This extract also expressed the ability to suppress osteoclastogenesis by downregulating the pro-resorptive cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β and the master regulator of inflammation NF-κB. Parathyroid hormone inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion is another bioactivity of LithoLexal® Bone reported with both short- and long-term administration at a longer duration and higher magnitude than what calcium carbonate could induce. Due to these bioactivities that affect pathogenetic factors of osteoporosis, LithoLexal® Bone is referred to as a disease-modifying adjunctive therapy (DMAT). In postmenopausal animal models, LithoLexal® monotherapy preserved bone mineral density, microarchitecture, and biomechanical properties, while calcium carbonate failed to produce significant outcomes. The pro-resorptive effect of a high-fat diet was also efficiently counteracted in vivo by supplementary LithoLexal®. A large clinical trial on postmenopausal women verified the mitigating effects of LithoLexal® Bone on bone resorption and turnover rate. The characteristic composition of LithoLexal® together with its lattice microstructure are suggested to underlie its in vivo bioactivities. In conclusion, adjunctive therapy with LithoLexal® Bone is an attractive option for clinical prevention and treatment of osteopenia/osteoporosis.
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Open AccessEditorial
Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Osteology in 2022
by
Osteology Editorial Office
Osteology 2023, 3(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3010003 - 19 Jan 2023
Abstract
High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]
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Open AccessArticle
Vitamin D Deficiency in Orthopedic Patients in Different Latitudes—First Study Comparing German and Greek Populations
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Andreas Mamilos, Charalambos Matzaroglou, Gerrit S. Maier, Samer Zawy Alsofy, Philipp Drees and Konstantinos Kafchitsas
Osteology 2023, 3(1), 11-20; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3010002 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 1
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Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in calcium metabolism and bone mineralization. Sufficient vitamin D levels are important for the health and functionality of the musculoskeletal system. Hypovitaminosis D is a phenomenon affecting orthopedic patients worldwide. This study researched whether most orthopedic patients
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Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in calcium metabolism and bone mineralization. Sufficient vitamin D levels are important for the health and functionality of the musculoskeletal system. Hypovitaminosis D is a phenomenon affecting orthopedic patients worldwide. This study researched whether most orthopedic patients in two different cities of different countries had hypovitaminosis D, whether there was a correlation between sunshine hours and vitamin D serum levels, and whether hours of sunshine alone were enough to achieve vitamin D sufficiency among orthopedic patients regardless of their activities. The vitamin D serum levels of 500 orthopedic patients in Regensburg and 500 in Patras were assessed, in addition to their medical histories. The mean sunshine hours throughout the year were also calculated. Both the German and Greek groups showed hypovitaminosis D. Older patients were more affected. Although there were more hours of sunshine in Greece, Greek orthopedic patients also showed hypovitaminosis D. Hypovitaminosis D affects orthopedic patients independent of their latitude. Supplementation of vitamin D may be considered among orthopedic patients to achieve sufficient levels in serum. Sufficient vitamin D levels may be helpful for the treatment of orthopedic patients, reduce the negative effects of operations or postoperational settings.
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Open AccessArticle
Roles of Two F-Box Proteins: FBXL14 in the Periosteum and FBXW2 at Elastic Fibers
by
Mari Akiyama
Osteology 2023, 3(1), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.3390/osteology3010001 - 05 Jan 2023
Abstract
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I previously reported that F-box/leucine-rich repeat protein 14 (FBXL14) expressed in periosteum-derived cells, and F-box and WD-40 domain-containing protein 2 (FBXW2) in the periosteum form a fiber-like structure. Here, two culture medium conditions, that is, media with and without ascorbic acid, were compared
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I previously reported that F-box/leucine-rich repeat protein 14 (FBXL14) expressed in periosteum-derived cells, and F-box and WD-40 domain-containing protein 2 (FBXW2) in the periosteum form a fiber-like structure. Here, two culture medium conditions, that is, media with and without ascorbic acid, were compared during explant culture. In the absence of ascorbic acid, the expression patterns of osteocalcin, FBXW2, and elastin were compared using fluorescent immunostaining during weeks 3–5. By observing the periosteum, cambium layer and bone, I demonstrated FBXL14 expression in micro-vessels and bone lacuna. Fluorescent immunostaining revealed that, without ascorbic acid, the FBXL14 layer was thin. Conversely, in the presence of ascorbic acid, FBXL14 formed a thick membrane-like structure inside the periosteum, and the multilayer of periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) was strong. The expression patterns of osteocalcin and FBXW2 were similar. Elastin retained its fiber structure for up to five weeks. Although osteocalcin and FBXW2 were expressed in regions similar to elastin, they could not retain their fiber structures. In conclusion, FBXL14 appears to play a role in preparing a native scaffold for forming a multilayered sheet of PDCs inside the periosteum. FBXW2 and osteocalcin appear to separate from elastic fibers during calcification.
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