Drug Delivery of Natural Active Principles: Focus on Topical and Oral Applications, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Delivery and Controlled Release".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 5097

Special Issue Editors

Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
Interests: bioactive glasses/glass-ceramics; antibacterial materials; composites; magnetic materials; inorganic nanoparticles
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Guest Editor
DISAT Department, Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 29, 10129 Torino, Italy
Interests: silica particles; polymer; oxide-based and hybrid systems
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural active principles still attract interest regarding their therapeutic purposes due to their lack of side effects, which makes them particularly appealing for the treatment of chronic diseases (e.g., hypertension and atherosclerosis).

However, strategies for optimising the delivery of natural compounds and enhancing their efficacy are still needed. Natural compounds, in fact, are often affected by low bioavailability, low stability or fast degradation.

Different strategies can be proposed, encompassing, for example, nano- or micro-carriers, polymer-based, lipid-based or oxide-based particles or hybrid systems, and specific formulations.

The present Special Issue aims to collect original research articles, review papers, or reviews regarding systems and approaches to delivering natural compounds, protecting them or enhancing their properties, with particular attention to oral and topical delivery.

Authors are encouraged to share their research on both the synthesis of new systems and their characterization. Works including in vitro and in vivo tests are welcome.

Potential topics concern, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Role of organic/inorganic carriers in natural active principle delivery;
  • Natural active principles to treat skin diseases (e.g., infection, cancer and psoriasis);
  • Delivery systems to improve natural active principles’ bioavailability and pharmacokinetics.

Dr. Marta Miola
Dr. Marta Gallo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • natural compounds
  • topical drug delivery
  • oral drug delivery
  • micro- and nano-particles
  • polymer-, lipid-, oxide-based and hybrid systems
  • synthesis and characterization
  • in vitro, in vivo tests

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1763 KiB  
Article
The Distinctive Role of Gluconic Acid in Retarding Percutaneous Drug Permeation: Formulation of Lidocaine-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
by Amnon C. Sintov
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(6), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16060831 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 739
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to evidence the skin retardation phenomenon of lidocaine by gluconic acid as an inactive ingredient involved in citrate-crosslinking chitosan nanoparticles. Lidocaine hydrochloride was loaded in nanoparticles based on chitosan, fabricated by using a water-in-oil microemulsion as [...] Read more.
The objective of the present investigation was to evidence the skin retardation phenomenon of lidocaine by gluconic acid as an inactive ingredient involved in citrate-crosslinking chitosan nanoparticles. Lidocaine hydrochloride was loaded in nanoparticles based on chitosan, fabricated by using a water-in-oil microemulsion as a template and citric acid as an ionic cross-linker. Gluconic acid (pentahydroxy hexanoic acid) was added during the fabrication and compared with caproic acid, a non-hydroxy hexanoic acid. The chitosan nanoparticulate systems were characterized for mean particle size, particle size distribution, and zeta potential. The pentahydroxy hexanoic acid decreased the zeta potential to a significantly lower value than those obtained from both plain citrate and citrate–hexanoic acid formulations. The relatively lower value implies that gluconate ions are partly attached to the nanoparticle’s surface and mask its positively charged groups. It was also noted that the in vitro percutaneous permeation flux of lidocaine significantly decreased when gluconate-containing chitosan nanoparticles were applied, i.e., 6.1 ± 1.5 μg‧cm−2‧h−1 without gluconic acid to 3.4 ± 2.3 μg‧cm−2‧h−1 with gluconic acid. According to this result, it is suggested that gluconate ions played a role in retarding drug permeation through the skin, probably by calcium chelation in the stratum granulosum, which in turn stimulated lamellar body secretion, lipid synthesis, and intracellular release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum. Full article
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8 pages, 666 KiB  
Communication
Mesoporous Silica as an Alternative Vehicle to Overcome Solubility Limitations
by Tim Becker, Jan Heitkötter, Anna K. Krome, Andrea Schiefer, Kenneth Pfarr, Alexandra Ehrens, Miriam Grosse, Birthe Sandargo, Ingo Stammberger, Marc Stadler, Marc P. Hübner, Stefan Kehraus, Achim Hoerauf and Karl G. Wagner
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(3), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16030386 - 12 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1972
Abstract
Toxicological studies are a part of the drug development process and the preclinical stages, for which suitable vehicles ensuring easy and safe administration are crucial. However, poor aqueous solubility of drugs complicates vehicle screening for oral administration since non-aqueous solvents are often not [...] Read more.
Toxicological studies are a part of the drug development process and the preclinical stages, for which suitable vehicles ensuring easy and safe administration are crucial. However, poor aqueous solubility of drugs complicates vehicle screening for oral administration since non-aqueous solvents are often not tolerable. In the case of the anti-infective corallopyronin A, currently undergoing preclinical investigation for filarial nematode and bacterial infections, commonly used vehicles such as polyethylene glycol 200, aqueous solutions combined with cosolvents or solubilizers, or aqueous suspension have failed due to insufficient tolerability, solubility, or the generation of a non-homogeneous suspension. To this end, the aim of the study was to establish an alternative approach which offers suitable tolerability, dissolution, and ease of handling. Thus, a corallopyronin A-mesoporous silica formulation was successfully processed and tested in a seven-day toxicology study focused on Beagle dogs, including a toxicokinetic investigation on day one. Sufficient tolerability was confirmed by the vehicle control group. The vehicle enabled high-dose levels resulting in a low-, middle-, and high-dose of 150, 450, and 750 mg/kg. Overall, it was possible to achieve high plasma concentrations and exposures, leading to a valuable outcome of the toxicology study and establishing mesoporous silica as a valuable contender for challenging drug candidates. Full article
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18 pages, 3684 KiB  
Article
Preparation of trans-Crocetin with High Solubility, Stability, and Oral Bioavailability by Incorporation into Three Types of Cyclodextrins
by Nan Liu, Jie Xiao, Ling-He Zang, Peng Quan and Dong-Chun Liu
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(12), 2790; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15122790 - 16 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1564
Abstract
Crocetin (CRT), an active compound isolated from saffron, exhibits several pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor and immune-regulatory activities, and is effective against myocardial ischemia and coronary heart disease; however, its low stability and solubility limit its clinical application. Therefore, we investigated CRT inclusion complexes [...] Read more.
Crocetin (CRT), an active compound isolated from saffron, exhibits several pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor and immune-regulatory activities, and is effective against myocardial ischemia and coronary heart disease; however, its low stability and solubility limit its clinical application. Therefore, we investigated CRT inclusion complexes (ICs) with three cyclodextrins—α-CD, HP-β-CD, and γ-CD—suitable for oral administration prepared using an ultrasonic method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction indicated that the crystalline state of CRT in ICs disappeared, and intermolecular interactions were observed between CRT and CDs. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and phase solubility studies confirmed CRT encapsulation in the CD cavity and the formation of ICs. In addition, we observed the morphology of ICs using scanning electron microscopy. All ICs showed a high drug encapsulation efficiency (approximately 90%) with 6500–10,000 times better solubilities than those of the pure drug. CRT showed rapid dissolution, whereas pure CRT was water-insoluble. The formation of ICs significantly improved the storage stability of CRT under heat, light, and moisture conditions. Further, the peak time of CRT in rats significantly decreased, and the relative bioavailability increased by approximately 3–4 times. In addition, the oral bioavailability of CRT IC was evaluated. Notably, the absorption rate and degree of the drug in rats were improved. This study illustrated the potential applications of CRT/CD ICs in the food, healthcare, and pharmaceutical industries, owing to their favorable dissolution, solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability. Full article
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