Journal Description
Proceedings
Proceedings
is an open access journal dedicated to publishing findings resulting from conferences, workshops, and similar events. The conference organizers and proceedings editors are responsible for managing the peer-review process and selecting papers for conference proceedings.
Latest Articles
Fabrication of 3D Nanostructures via AFM-Based Nanolithography
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097056 (registering DOI) - 19 Mar 2024
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The increasing use of nanomaterials in high-tech devices has posed an exciting challenge for the scientific community to develop new, easy, high-throughput nanofabrication approaches. Here, we present an easy AFM-based nanofabrication approach based on Static Plowing Lithography, with which we are able to
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The increasing use of nanomaterials in high-tech devices has posed an exciting challenge for the scientific community to develop new, easy, high-throughput nanofabrication approaches. Here, we present an easy AFM-based nanofabrication approach based on Static Plowing Lithography, with which we are able to realize patterns of 3D nanostructures on a thin PMMA layer. By coupling a wet etching process with ultrasound exposure, we effectively removed the polymer bulges at the nanostructure’s borders, increasing the quality of the patterned 3D nanostructures, and paving the way for their integration into lab-on-a-chip devices.
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Open AccessAbstract
Three-Dimensionally Printed Resonator with Piezoelectric Actuation and Machine Learning Calibration for In-Line Density–Viscosity Sensing
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Víctor Corsino, Víctor Ruiz-Díez, Mario Ramírez-Palma, Javier Toledo, José Manuel Gilpérez and José Luis Sánchez-Rojas
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097055 - 19 Mar 2024
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Three-dimensionally printed cuboid-shaped flow cells featuring a rectangular vibrating plate in one of the sides, actuated by PZT piezoelectric films, were designed, fabricated, and tested. Instead of oscillator circuits based on single resonances, we use the frequency response of the cell in a
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Three-dimensionally printed cuboid-shaped flow cells featuring a rectangular vibrating plate in one of the sides, actuated by PZT piezoelectric films, were designed, fabricated, and tested. Instead of oscillator circuits based on single resonances, we use the frequency response of the cell in a range with multiple resonances, sensitive to the liquid properties. Machine learning techniques were implemented for training and calibration with water–glycerol mixtures at different temperatures. Various materials, fabrication parameters, and post-treatment processes were investigated. The calibration errors and resolutions are compared for different devices, conditioning circuits, and machine learning algorithms. Our results demonstrate the high potential of the low-cost sensor to monitor density and viscosity in aqueous solutions.
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Open AccessAbstract
Enhancing Ammonia Sensor Sensitivity by CuBr Encapsulation in a Mesoporous Host
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Lisa Weber, Virginie Martini, David Grosso, Stephane Burtey and Marc Bendahan
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097054 - 19 Mar 2024
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A resistive room-temperature ammonia sensor has been developed by CuBr impregnation of a mesoporous SiO2 host prepared by the sol–gel process and deposited by dip-coating. The mesoporous sensor performances are compared with those of a single CuBr layer. The CuBr encapsulation in
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A resistive room-temperature ammonia sensor has been developed by CuBr impregnation of a mesoporous SiO2 host prepared by the sol–gel process and deposited by dip-coating. The mesoporous sensor performances are compared with those of a single CuBr layer. The CuBr encapsulation in a mesoporous host leads to an impressive sensitivity improvement with sub-ppm detection of ammonia at room temperature. The results open new perspectives for the development of highly sensitive chemical sensors and are of great interest for non-invasive health monitoring.
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Open AccessAbstract
Aerosol Measurements by OPC Aided by QCM Mass Sensor
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Emiliano Zampetti, Maria Aurora Mancuso, Papa Paolo, Antonella Macagnano, Andrea Bearzotti and Yi Hsuan Chen
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097053 - 19 Mar 2024
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Atmospheric aerosols, as well as particulate matters or suspended particulate matters (PMx), impact climate and affect human health, directly or indirectly. PMx is one of the most important pollutants monitored for air quality evaluation. Optical particle counters and quartz crystal microbalances are used
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Atmospheric aerosols, as well as particulate matters or suspended particulate matters (PMx), impact climate and affect human health, directly or indirectly. PMx is one of the most important pollutants monitored for air quality evaluation. Optical particle counters and quartz crystal microbalances are used to measure mass in a fixed volume. However, when used separately, these devices can show some issues. In this work, we propose combining these devices to obtain results that include particle counting, mass measurement, and, in particular cases, discrimination between solid and liquid aerosols. By using both instruments together, we can overcome the limitations of each and obtain more accurate and comprehensive data on air quality.
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Open AccessAbstract
A Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Capacitive Sensor for Phenylalanine Detection
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Bruno Andò, Salvatore Castorina, Ludovica Maugeri, Salvatore Petralia, Maria Anna Messina, Martino Ruggieri, Giovanni Neri, Angelo Ferlazzo, Emilio Sardini and Mauro Serpelloni
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097051 - 19 Mar 2024
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In this paper, an easy-to-use and fast biosensor for phenylalanine quantification in patients affected by phenylketonuria is investigated. The phenylalanine concentration was indirectly estimated through the ammonia released as a by-product of an enzymatic reaction, which was then detected by exploiting an yttria-stabilized
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In this paper, an easy-to-use and fast biosensor for phenylalanine quantification in patients affected by phenylketonuria is investigated. The phenylalanine concentration was indirectly estimated through the ammonia released as a by-product of an enzymatic reaction, which was then detected by exploiting an yttria-stabilized zirconia layer deposited over an interdigitated capacitive sensor. The latter was manufactured by rapid-prototyping technologies. A sensor limit of detection higher than 1.25 µM was estimated, along with an accuracy better than 18.31 µM.
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Open AccessAbstract
An Acoustically Transparent Electrical Cap for Piezoelectric Ultrasound Transducers on Silicon
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Gandhika K. Wardhana, Tiago L. Costa and Massimo Mastrangeli
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097050 - 19 Mar 2024
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Bulk piezoelectric ultrasound transducers on integrated circuits offer unique properties for therapeutic applications of ultrasound neuromodulation. However, current implementations of such transducers are not optimized for the high transmit efficiency required to stimulate neurons. This is mainly due to the challenge of implementing
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Bulk piezoelectric ultrasound transducers on integrated circuits offer unique properties for therapeutic applications of ultrasound neuromodulation. However, current implementations of such transducers are not optimized for the high transmit efficiency required to stimulate neurons. This is mainly due to the challenge of implementing a metal layer on top of the piezoelectric film using microfabrication techniques. Here, we propose a micromachined capping structure providing an electrical connection on top of the piezoelectric film with minimal acoustic losses. The structure can potentially be used as a common ground connection in phased-array ultrasound transducers.
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Open AccessAbstract
A Wireless Strain Sensor for Measurement in Composites
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Lukas Bertram, Michael Brink and Walter Lang
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097049 - 19 Mar 2024
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This paper presents first characterization results of a novel, battery-less sensor for integration into glass fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials. The sensor targets combined usage in both production and structural health monitoring applications. It is shown that wireless measurement of biaxial mechanical strain inside
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This paper presents first characterization results of a novel, battery-less sensor for integration into glass fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials. The sensor targets combined usage in both production and structural health monitoring applications. It is shown that wireless measurement of biaxial mechanical strain inside FRP is possible with the presented approach. The results promise feasibility of industrial application by implementing a sticker-based ‘sensor tag’ approach for easy application and additional advantages in context of ‘smart’ structures.
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Open AccessAbstract
Fabrication of an Ultrathin PMMA Foil for Sensing Applications in Microfluidic Systems
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Rafael Ecker, Tina Mitteramskogler, Andreas Fuchsluger and Bernhard Jakoby
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097048 - 19 Mar 2024
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This research work focuses on the fabrication of ultrathin polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) foils using a spin coating process of in anisole dissolved PMMA on a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foil. Currently, layer thicknesses as low as 1 µm can be achieved and even thinner
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This research work focuses on the fabrication of ultrathin polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) foils using a spin coating process of in anisole dissolved PMMA on a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foil. Currently, layer thicknesses as low as 1 µm can be achieved and even thinner layers appear to be possible. Sensors and actuators can be applied to the foils and directly integrated into the center of the channel of a polymer-based microfluidic chip. Specifically, the foil acts as a supporting structure that helps to position the sensor in the center of the channel. Thermal sensors, in particular, benefit from the low heat capacity of the foil. This will improve the performance and the accuracy of these sensors of which the impact on the fluidic flow is minimized.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
How Far Down? Interdisciplinary Discussions and Multimodal Investigations to Understand the Potential of Multispectral Remote Sensing
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Filippo Materazzi
Proceedings 2024, 96(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024096012 - 19 Mar 2024
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“How far down can it see?” is one of the typical questions when it comes to UAV multispectral remote sensing for archaeology. Since the identification of buried remains is indirect through cropmarks observation, we asked ourselves how deep cropmarks can reveal the buried
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“How far down can it see?” is one of the typical questions when it comes to UAV multispectral remote sensing for archaeology. Since the identification of buried remains is indirect through cropmarks observation, we asked ourselves how deep cropmarks can reveal the buried remains by analysing the complex relationship they have with vegetation. A selected number of contexts of the pre-Roman cities from Falerii and Veii have been studied through agronomic analysis on the one hand and GPR and stratigraphic excavation on the other. The results confirmed the effectiveness of this methodology for land survey, and not only do they demonstrate the ability to identify remains at a greater depth than might have been expected, but they have also made evident the difficulties of environmental analysis, which is crucial at the start of any remote sensing campaign, as well as in the subsequent study of anomalies.
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Open AccessAbstract
Negative Dietary Practices among 7-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Bulgaria
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Vesselka Duleva, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Lalka Rangelova and Plamen Dimitrov
Proceedings 2023, 91(1), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091416 - 18 Mar 2024
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Background and objectives: Maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise is especially important for first graders. Poor nutrition compromises the quality of life, school attainment, and growth and sets suboptimal dietary habits later in life. The aim of the present study is to
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Background and objectives: Maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise is especially important for first graders. Poor nutrition compromises the quality of life, school attainment, and growth and sets suboptimal dietary habits later in life. The aim of the present study is to assess negative dietary practices among first graders in Bulgaria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of 3051 7-year-old students was conducted in 2019. The research was carried out in strict compliance with the protocol developed by the WHO (World Health Organization) as part of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). As part of the study, a questionnaire was presented to the families of the first graders to assess the frequency of food consumption by the children. Results: A quarter (25.3%) of the students did not consume breakfast on a daily basis. The majority did not eat fresh fruits (62.9%) and vegetables every day, excluding potatoes (66.3%). Furthermore, 18% of the children consumed dairy products less than once a week or never. Additionally, 14.8% had fruit juice every day. One-fifth (19.7%) of the students drank soft drinks most of the days or every day of the week (>4 days/week). Many children never consumed or consumed less than once a week protein-rich foods like meat (8.9%), fish (62.3%), eggs (26.4%), and legumes (25.9%). Most days or every day of the week (>4 days/week), a quarter (24.2%) of the children had salty snacks like chips, and half of them (49.7%) had sweet snacks like candies and cakes. Discussion: The results of the present study clearly demonstrate a suboptimal dietary model for first graders in Bulgaria. Only one-third of the children consumed fresh fruits and vegetables daily. The frequency of intake of soft drinks and salty and sweet snacks is too high. The frequency of consumption of protein-rich foods like fish, eggs, and legumes is suboptimal. First graders should become a special target group for policymakers in Bulgaria.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023)
Open AccessProceeding Paper
Discovering Innovation, Social Capital and Farm Viability in the Framework of the United Winemaking Agricultural Cooperative of Samos
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Sofia Karampela, Thanasis Kizos and Alex Koutsouris
Proceedings 2024, 94(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024094062 - 18 Mar 2024
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In this study, we aim to explore the possible relationships between innovation, social capital, and farm viability towards sustainability, using indicators from the literature and developing complex indexes for all examined concepts in the framework of an agriculture cooperative located on the Greek
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In this study, we aim to explore the possible relationships between innovation, social capital, and farm viability towards sustainability, using indicators from the literature and developing complex indexes for all examined concepts in the framework of an agriculture cooperative located on the Greek island of Samos. Data from the United Winemaking Agricultural Cooperative of Samos (UWC SAMOS) were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and further personal in-depth interviews. The findings revealed a highly complex relationship between these indexes that could not just be analyzed quantitatively. Instead, qualitative data explain the weak innovation and low level of social trust by identifying the “institutionalization of the members of the cooperative”, emphasizing the importance of mixed methods approaches.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 17th International Conference of the Hellenic Association of Agricultural Economists)
Open AccessAbstract
Additive Manufacturing Electronics for Packaging High-Frequency Aluminum Nitride Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Probes
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Vincenzo Mariano Mastronardi, Antonio Qualtieri, Enrico Boni, Piero Tortoli, Roberto De Fazio, Paolo Visconti, Maria Teresa Todaro and Massimo De Vittorio
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097052 - 18 Mar 2024
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Additive Manufacturing Electronics (AME) is a promising method that has the potential to directly embed piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) probes into conventional electronic circuits and boards. It enables fast customized prototyping, three-dimensional circuit boards, and small-series production. In this study, annular probes
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Additive Manufacturing Electronics (AME) is a promising method that has the potential to directly embed piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) probes into conventional electronic circuits and boards. It enables fast customized prototyping, three-dimensional circuit boards, and small-series production. In this study, annular probes composed of circular suspended Aluminum Nitride (AlN)-based PMUT membranes, addressed in 2-dimensional arrays, were designed, fabricated, and encapsulated using AME technology.
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Open AccessAbstract
WO3-Pt/Graphene Nanocomposite Sensors for Methane Sensing Applications
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Patricia Arroyo, Tiziana Polichetti, Brigida Alfano, Maria Lucia Miglietta, Ettore Massera and Jesus Lozano
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097047 - 18 Mar 2024
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This study presents the fabrication and characterization of chemoresistive sensors based on a nanocomposite of WO3-Pt and graphene for methane detection. The graphene was prepared using a liquid-phase exfoliation technique, and the nanocomposite was deposited onto interdigitated gold electrodes using drop-casting. The response
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This study presents the fabrication and characterization of chemoresistive sensors based on a nanocomposite of WO3-Pt and graphene for methane detection. The graphene was prepared using a liquid-phase exfoliation technique, and the nanocomposite was deposited onto interdigitated gold electrodes using drop-casting. The response of the sensors was analyzed by measuring changes in electrical resistance at methane concentrations of 7, 5, 3, and 1 ppm.
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Open AccessAbstract
Electrochemical Sensors for Animal Welfare
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Ilaria Sorrentino, Claire Verplanck and Yohann R. J. Thomas
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097045 - 18 Mar 2024
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The WAIT4 (Welfare: Artificial Intelligence and new Technologies for Tracking Key Indicator Traits in Animals Facing Challenges of the Agro-ecological Transition) project aims to increase research-based capacities to quantify and characterize animal welfare (AW) from the agro-ecological (AE) perspective and to revise farming
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The WAIT4 (Welfare: Artificial Intelligence and new Technologies for Tracking Key Indicator Traits in Animals Facing Challenges of the Agro-ecological Transition) project aims to increase research-based capacities to quantify and characterize animal welfare (AW) from the agro-ecological (AE) perspective and to revise farming practices by considering interactions between the animal and its environment. From this perspective, the development of new sensors for assessing the kinetics of physiological variables of interest (Na+, K+, pH) in animals’ interstitial fluid (ISF) by microneedle patches will be a valuable aid for farmers to monitoring AW states and various stressors.
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Open AccessAbstract
Fabrication of Wafer-Level Vacuum-Packaged 3C-SiC Resonators with Q-Factor above 250,000
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Sergio Sapienza, Luca Belsito, Matteo Ferri, Ivan Elmi, Marcin Zielinski, Francesco La Via and Alberto Roncaglia
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097044 - 18 Mar 2024
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In this work, the fabrication of wafer-level vacuum-packaged 3C-SiC on Si double- clamped beam resonators via glass–silicon anodic bonding using Ti-based vacuum gettering is reported. Open-loop resonance measurements are performed on the vacuum-packaged devices, showing Q-factor values up to 290,000, a process yield
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In this work, the fabrication of wafer-level vacuum-packaged 3C-SiC on Si double- clamped beam resonators via glass–silicon anodic bonding using Ti-based vacuum gettering is reported. Open-loop resonance measurements are performed on the vacuum-packaged devices, showing Q-factor values up to 290,000, a process yield above 80%, and a maximum vacuum level around 10−2 mbar inside the Ti-gettered encapsulations.
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Open AccessAbstract
Equivalent Circuit Models for Impedimetric Sensors
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Eva-Maria Korek, Evanthia Chrysanthi Kounoupioti and Ralf Brederlow
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097043 - 18 Mar 2024
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In this work, equivalent circuit models for conductivity, reference, and potassium ion sensors are introduced and validated. The models help to understand and verify the sensors’ functioning and to determine the selective element of the potassium sensor as a capacitance that occurs below
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In this work, equivalent circuit models for conductivity, reference, and potassium ion sensors are introduced and validated. The models help to understand and verify the sensors’ functioning and to determine the selective element of the potassium sensor as a capacitance that occurs below 1 Hz. Measurements at 100 mHz suggest that the phase response of the sensor reveals advantages concerning response time and stability compared to the typically used magnitude.
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Open AccessAbstract
Fabricating Acetic Acid Sensors Using PVP Nanofibrous Scaffold Doubly Decorated with Mesoporous Graphene
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Paolo Papa, Emiliano Zampetti, Corrado Di Natale, Fabrizio De Cesare, Giovanna Tranfo and Antonella Macagnano
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097042 - 18 Mar 2024
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A nanofibrous layer of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was designed to house, both in the fiber core and onto its outer surface, nanoparticles of mesoporous graphene (MGC), which are able to selectively adsorb acetic acid vapors. When grown on interdigital fingers microelectrodes (IDEs), upon UV-light
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A nanofibrous layer of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was designed to house, both in the fiber core and onto its outer surface, nanoparticles of mesoporous graphene (MGC), which are able to selectively adsorb acetic acid vapors. When grown on interdigital fingers microelectrodes (IDEs), upon UV-light irradiation taking place in air, the layer proved conductive and stable. Electrical and sensing features were significatively modulated by decorating the fiber surface with MGC (a sandwich-like structure) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). MGC, used both as a conductive filler and to decorate the fiber surface, strengthened the PVP scaffold and acted as a nucleation center for entrapping molecules of acetic acid. PEI improved the adhesion of MGC onto the surface. A preliminary study reported fast responses, high sensitivity with good linearity, selectivity, reversibility, and repeatability towards the acetic acid in ranges of up to hundreds of ppm at room temperature.
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Open AccessAbstract
Concept and Proof of Principle of an Acoustofluidic Single-Particle Sorting Device Using a Spatially Confined Acoustic Active Region
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Andreas Fuchsluger, Annalisa De Pastina, Tina Mitteramskogler, Rafael Ecker, Thomas Voglhuber-Brunnmaier, Nikolai Andrianov, Alexander Shatalov, Norbert Cselyuszka, Mohssen Moridi and Bernhard Jakoby
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097041 - 18 Mar 2024
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We present the concept and a proof-of-principle experiment for an acoustofluidic single- particle sorter. In a microfluidic channel, a flow profile with the following three parallel fluid domains is generated: buffer fluid in the center and buffer plus particles in the lateral domains.
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We present the concept and a proof-of-principle experiment for an acoustofluidic single- particle sorter. In a microfluidic channel, a flow profile with the following three parallel fluid domains is generated: buffer fluid in the center and buffer plus particles in the lateral domains. Due to the laminar flow regime present in microfluidics, the particles essentially follow the stream line(s) along the channel. In the spatially confined sorting and detection region, by switching on the standing acoustic wave, particles of interest (POIs) are pushed into the center fluid domain, thus leaving the chip at the center outlet. For particles of non-interest (PONIs), the acoustic region remains silent, so PONIs are not centered and follow their path to the side outlet.
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Open AccessAbstract
Experimental Development and Validation of an E-Textile Sleeve for Surface Electromyography
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Armando Coccia, Federica Amitrano, Gaetano Pagano, Arcangelo Biancardi, Giuseppe Tombolini and Giovanni D’Addio
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097040 - 18 Mar 2024
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This work describes the development of a leg sleeve with embedded e-textile electrodes for surface electromyography (sEMG). The novel device is a textile substrate with embedded circular electrodes made of conductive fabric, which can be connected to EMG acquisition systems. The performances of
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This work describes the development of a leg sleeve with embedded e-textile electrodes for surface electromyography (sEMG). The novel device is a textile substrate with embedded circular electrodes made of conductive fabric, which can be connected to EMG acquisition systems. The performances of the novel prototypical device were validated in comparison with standard sEMG electrodes. The experimental study involved 11 healthy volunteers, and general features extracted from the signals were compared using statistical methods. The results underline the absence of significant differences between the two systems, suggesting that the e-textile novel device is a viable alternative to conventional electrodes for collecting sEMG data.
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Open AccessAbstract
Electrochemical Performance of WS2-CNT Core–Shell Heterostructures for the Detection of Vitamin B2
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Rayhane Zribi, Muhammad Hamid Raza, Nicola Pinna and Giovanni Neri
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097039 - 18 Mar 2024
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In this study, a novel electrochemical sensor was developed for the quantitative determination of riboflavin. The tungsten disulfide (WS2) layer was deposited on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by atomic layer deposition (ALD), forming a CNTs-WS2 core–shell heterostructure. This material was used
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In this study, a novel electrochemical sensor was developed for the quantitative determination of riboflavin. The tungsten disulfide (WS2) layer was deposited on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by atomic layer deposition (ALD), forming a CNTs-WS2 core–shell heterostructure. This material was used to modify the commercial screen-printed carbon electrode in order to enhance its electrocatalytic activity toward the detection of vitamin B2. Cyclic voltammetry was performed as a preliminary test in the presence of riboflavin. In addition to this, an extensive electrochemical study was performed using differential pulse voltammetry, demonstrating that modified the CNTs-WS2/SPCE sensor display superior electrochemical performance compared with bare SPCE. The sensor exhibits a linear response in the concentration range from 0 µM to 45 µM, with remarkably enhanced sensitivity (9 μAμM−1cm−2) compared with the bare electrode, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.24 µM. This enhancement is attributed to the conformal growth of the WS2 flakes on the CNTs and the high surface area offered by these flakes.
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